Chapter 4 Sections 1 and 2 - Hazleton Area High School...Vocab Section 1 •Delta – fan shaped...
Transcript of Chapter 4 Sections 1 and 2 - Hazleton Area High School...Vocab Section 1 •Delta – fan shaped...
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Chapter 4 Sections 1 and 2
The Nile and The Old Kingdom
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Vocab Section 1
• Delta – fan shaped fertile area at the mouth of a river
• Cataracts – waterfalls
• Basins – bowl shaped holes that hold water
• Shadoof – a machine used by the ancient Egyptians to lift water from the Nile to the basins during the dry season
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Vocab Section 2 • Narmer (Menes)- King of upper Egypt
• Old Kingdom – Period of Egyptian history that started about 2600 BC and lasted for nearly 500 years
• Pharaoh – “Great House” Egyptian Ruler
• Granaries – brick buildings used for storing grain
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• Pyramids – “Houses of Eternity”, large Egyptian tombs
• Hapi – the river god
• Re- the sun god
• Osiris – god of harvest and eternal life
• “Book of the Dead”- the book the Egyptians studied to gain eternal life
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• Embalming – preserving the bodies of the dead
• Mummy – wrapped body of a preserved dead person
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1. Which direction does the Nile run?
• North
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2. What protected the ancient Egyptians from foreign invasions?
• The Desert
• The Sea
• The Catartacts
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3. Describe the farming process in ancient Egypt.
• The farmers would plant their crops while the
soil was still moist from the floods
• During the dry season the farmers would water their crops using the water from the irrigation basins
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4. What did the ancient Egyptians grow?
• Flax
• Wheat
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•Barley
•Grapes
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5. How did Narmer unite the 2 kingdoms of Egypt?
• He conquered lower Egypt and married one of
its Princesses
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6. What were cities used for during the Old Kingdom?
• Centers for religion and government
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7. Where did the majority of Egyptians live during the Old Kingdom?
• On large estates on the banks of the Nile River
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8. Compare how the wealthy lived with how the commoners lived in the
Old Kingdom. The Wealthy
• lived in large brick and wooden houses with beautiful gardens and pools
• Colorful decorations
• The household consisted on the owners family, servants, and artisans
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The Commoners
• Most were farmers
• They lived in villages on the estates of the wealthy
• Houses were made out of reeds and mud with palm leaf roofs, eventually they began to use sundried brick
• Built on high ground to be protected from the yearly floods
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9. What were the duties of the Pharaoh?
• A ruler, a priest, and a god
• They owned all of the land in Egypt, but gave it out as gifts to wealthy Egyptians and priests
• Make sure the land produced well using irrigation
• Store grain so the people would not starve during years of bad harvest
• Choose government officals
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10. Why were the pyramids built?
• To honor the Pharaohs and to keep their bodies safe from floods, wild animals, and robbers
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11. How were the pyramids built?
• During the summer months when the fields were flooded the Egyptians cut granite and limestone blocks from quarries up the Nile and floated them across the river
• Huge mud and brick ramps were built so that workers could pull the blocks to where they would be placed on the pyramid
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12. Who according to the ancient Egyptians watched over the dead?
Osiris and his wife Isis
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13. How were the Egyptians granted eternal life?
• They were weighed on a scale in the
underworld
• If the scales balanced out then they lead a good life and knew all of necessary spells from the “Book of the Dead” to be granted eternal life
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14. Why did the Egyptians use embalming?
• They believed that the soul could not live
without the body
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15. Describe the process of embalming. What did they do with the
mummies? • The body was placed in a box with the
chemical natron, which caused all of the water in the body to dry up
• Then the dried body was wrapped in long strips of linen
• A poor person was then buried in the sand or a cave, a rich person was placed in a coffin