Chapter 4: Section I: Pages 124 - 129 What is Life?
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Transcript of Chapter 4: Section I: Pages 124 - 129 What is Life?
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Chapter 4:Section I: Pages 124 - 129
What is Life?
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The Characteristics of Living Things
6 Characteristics:1. Made of Cells
2. Contain Similar chemicals
3. Use energy
4. Grow and develop
5. Respond to their Environment
6. Reproduce
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Cellular Organization
• Cell – basic unit of structure and function– building blocks of life
• Think Legos = individual just a block, together you can create anything.
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Cellular Organization
• Structure– How the cells come together to create
something• Think Blueprint for building a house.
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Cellular Organization
• Function– The job or task that something does.
• Think, a hand’s function is to grab or hold things.
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Cellular Organisms
• Unicellular– 1 cell (Very Small)– Example: bacteria and ameba
• Multicellular– 2 or more cells (Varies in size)– Example: people, muscles, nerves
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The chemicals of life
• Carbohydrates– The cells main source of energy.
• Proteins and Lipids– The cells building materials
• Think wood and bricks of a house.
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Energy Use
• Use energy to grow and repair injured parts.– Examples:
• Cells in stomach and intestines are used to digest food.
• Blood cells move chemicals throughout the body.
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Growth and Development
• Growth = the process of becoming larger.
• Development = the process of change that occurs during and organisms life to produce a more complex organism.
• Think – acorn – seedling - tree
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Response to Surroundings
• Stimulus (plural stimuli)– A change that causes an organism to react.
• External Stimuli – comes from outside the organism
– Example: light, sound, and temperature of the environment
• Internal stimuli – comes from within the organism– Example: hunger and thirst
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Response to Surroundings
• Response– How an organism reacts to a stimuli– Is a change in action or behavior
• Example: Stimulus = Friend jumps out and scares youReaction = You jump and scream
– Non-living things do not react to stimuli.
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Reproduction
• Reproduce – produce offspring that are similar to the parents.– Example:
Robins lay eggs, that develop into young robins that look like their parents.
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Life Comes From Life
• Spontaneous Generation:– Idea that living things can arise (come from)
nonliving sources• Example:
flies from rotting meatfrogs from mud puddles
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Dr. Francesco Redi
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Dr. Louis Pasteur
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The Needs of Living Things
Living things must satisfy their basic needs.1. Energy (food)
2. Water
3. Living Space
4. Stable Internal Conditions
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1: Energy
• Autotrophs: makes own food– Auto = self troph = feeder
• Example: plants
– Solar Energy is directly related to food production.
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1: Energy
• Heterotrophs: cannot make own food– Hetero = others troph = feeder
• Examples: animals, mushrooms, slime molds
– Solar Energy is an indirect source of energy.• Plants need the energy to survive, heterotrophs
need the plants to survive.
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2: Water
• ALL living things need water to survive.
• Most organisms can only live a couple of days without water.
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2: Water
• Used for:– Obtaining chemicals from surroundings– Breaking down food– Growing– Moving substances within organism– Reproduction
• Fact: 92% of the liquid part of your blood is water.
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3: Living Space
• Every organism needs a place to live. (Shelter)
• Limited resources cause competition.
• Plants are stationary and do not move locations to compete.
• Animals move around.
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4: Stable internal Conditions
• Homeostasis: Stable inside despite changes in the surroundings
• Example: – Your body temperature stays at 98.6 degrees while the
temperature outside is less than that.– A barnacle's ability to store water to maintain life outside
the ocean water while in low tide.