Chapter - 4. Marine Structure

8/19/2019 Chapter - 4. Marine Structure

1/58

•PREPARED BY :-KARTIK ZALAAssi. Prof.,Civil Engg. Departent,!ICT.


2/58

CONTENTS Brea"#ater

$%arves

&'a( $alls

)etties

Piers

Dolp%ins

*en+ers

Trestle

oles

ooring Aessories


3/58

BREAK$ATER

Breakwater is a protective barrier constructed to form an

artificial harbour with a water area so protected from the

effect of sea waves as to provide safe accommodation for

shipping.

Alignment Should be…..

As straight as possible

Intersection angle not >60°

In open sea, alignment should be curved to reduce the

effects of waves.


4/58

BREAK$ATER onti/0


5/58

Arrangement of Breakwater:-

BREAK$ATER onti/0

Having Two ntrance !ate


6/58


BREAK$ATER onti/0

Having "ne ntrance !ate


7/58


BREAK$ATER onti/0

Arms of the Breakwater #onverge and "verlap


8/58

$esign %rocess of Breakwater:-

&ollowing 'nformation….

haracter of coastal urrent

!irection and force of "inds

Availabilit# $ ost of %aterial &atural of 'oundation

(robable ma)imum *eight, 'orce $ Intensit# of "aves

BREAK$ATER onti/0


9/58


&orces acting…

*#drostatic force,

"ind force,

"ave action,+olvent action

+ea insects

BREAK$ATER onti/0


10/58


%re-feasibilit( Stage:-

"hat is reuired-

&easibilit( Stage:-

+uitable data ollection

Initial !esign

ostBenefit Anal#sis

BREAK$ATER onti/0


11/58


$etailed $esign Stage:-

'urther data collection,

/efined design parameters,

'inal design,

%odel test,

(reparation of drawing and specification.

#onstruction Stage:-

%onitoring $ %aintenance

BREAK$ATER onti/0


12/58

&actors $etermining Selection of Breakwater:-

Availabilit# of onstruction %aterial

!epth of "ater ondition of +ea 'oundation

Availabilit# of uipment

BREAK$ATER onti/0


13/58

T(pes of Breakwaters:-

1ertical "all 2#pe

/ubble %ound 2#pe omposite 2#pe

BREAK$ATER onti/0


14/58

)ertical *all T(pe Breakwater:-

oncrete block gravit# wall

+tone and concrete masonr# oncrete caissons

/ock filled sheet pile cells

/ock filled timber cribs

oncrete or steel sheet pile walls

BREAK$ATER onti/0


15/58

)ertical *all T(pe Breakwater:-

Suitable &or….

+ea bed is non 3 erodable, &o chances of differential settlement of foundation,

!epth of water > 42 %a)imum wave height.

BREAK$ATER onti/0


16/58


17/58

+ubble ,ound T(pe Breakwater:-

&atural /ock

oncrete Block ombination of Both

BREAK$ATER onti/0


18/58


#onsist of three la(ers…

2he core5consists of uarr# waste

2he intermediate la#er5used for protecting slopes and the top ofthe core5consists of rubble stones

2op la#er5 upper portion of breakwater consists of blocksweighing 50 tones

BREAK$ATER onti/0


19/58


BREAK$ATER onti/0


20/58

#omposite T(pe Breakwater:-

2he solid super structure protected b# a parapet on the seaface,

(rovides a platform for handling cargo,It has a rubble base over which a vertical wall t#pe

breakwater is constructed,ombination of mound and vertical wall t#pe breakwater,

BREAK$ATER onti/0


21/58

#omposite T(pe Breakwater:-

BREAK$ATER onti/0


22/58

,ethods of %rotection of Breakwater:-

B# arrangement of heav# concrete blocks,

B# paving using granite blocks, 7sing tetrapodes and tribars.

BREAK$ATER onti/0


23/58

#omparison of ,ound t(pe )ertical *all t(peBreakwater:-

BREAK$ATER onti/0

,ound T(pe )ertical *all T(pe

"ave breaks at the breakwater. /eflect the wave energ#.

8arge entrance. &arrower entrance.

/egular maintenance necessar#. %aintenance is practicall# eliminated.

an be constructed on an# t#pe offoundation.

/euire a firm foundation.

/ecommended where plent# of rocksavailable.

/ecommended when there is shortage ofrock.

/e uire unskilled labour. /e uire skilled labour.


24/58

,erits of ,ound t(pe Breakwater:-

&o special euipment needed,

/euire unskilled labour,

8arge si9e rubbles can be used without dressing,

onstructed on an# t#pe of foundation,

onstruction is porous, hence no possibilit# of uplift.

BREAK$ATER onti/0


25/58

$emerits of ,ound t(pe Breakwater:-

/euire huge uantit# of material,

Initial cost high,/egular maintenance,

*arbour side can not be used for mooring ships,

:ccupanc# large area of basin.

BREAK$ATER onti/0


26/58

,erits of *all t(pe Breakwater:-

&arrower entrance, hence greater protection to the sheltered

area, *arbour side of the breakwater can be used for mooring ships,

recommended where shortage of rock,

%aintenance is practicall# eliminated,

It increase si9e of harbour basin,

/educes the amount of material.

BREAK$ATER onti/0


27/58

$emerits of *all t(pe Breakwater:-

+killed labourers are reuired,

+pecial euipments are reuired for construction, /epairing is difficult,

/euire a firm foundation.

BREAK$ATER onti/0


28/58

$1AR!E2

2hese are platforms at which vessels take on anddischarge passengers and cargo on one side and earthretained on other.

It;s a platform built parallel to shoreline

+hould give sufficient depth of water for the ship to float,

"harves built parallel with the shore are called /ua(s,

Built to retain or protect the embankment or filling.


29/58


30/58

TYPE2 3* $1AR!E2

0. "pen construction wharves:-"harves of open construction have their decks supported

b( piles or c(linders.

It can be either high level decks or relieving t#pe platforms,

an be made of timber +.#.#, or both,

%re cast or pre stressed slab or beam are economical.


31/58


32/58

1. Solid t(pe wharves:-

2hese are composed of earth or rock fill partl# confined b#some sort of bulkhead.

$epth less than 02m bottom suitable for support of gravit#

t#pe of structure, steel pile cells are best suited, ells act as a gravit# wall of sufficient weight,

+esist over turning or sliding at base.

TYPE2 3* $1AR!E2


33/58


34/58


35/58

&4AY $ALL2

"harves built parallel with the shore are called ua#s.

&unction:-

2o retain and protect the embankment or filling on the

landward side

2o provide berthing on the sea side

2o support the platform above.


36/58

)ETTIE2

A narrow structure pro


37/58

42E2 3* )ETTIE2

=ett# is a solid platform constructed perpendicular tothe shoreline or breakwater

It provides berth to ships

It is used for handling inflammable materials likepetrol diesel kerosene crude oil etc.

It can be used for dredging in the approach channel

TYPE2 3* )ETTIE2


38/58

TYPE2 3* )ETTIE2

0. Solid structure:-

It is usuall# of mound breakwater t(pe

7sed more for the prevention of silting in the entrancechannel.

1. %iled structure:-

A. "pen pile 3etties

#heaper than the solid t#pe but having same durabilit#

an;t be used where


39/58

B. %iled and c(linder 3etties


40/58

B. %iled and c(linder 3etties

(iles are completel# encased in concrete c#linders

(iles carr# loads of whole structure and c#linders don;t apable of sustaining heav# impacts from ships

PIER2


41/58

PIER2

• (iers are the structure built at angle with the shore.

• :n both sides of a pier berths are provided.

T(pe:-

4A5 "pen or solid construction

:pen pier are constructed over open water on e)posed timber orconcrete piles

:pen pier are used where minimum restriction of currents isspecified

2hese piers are relativel# more economical as narrow piers indeep water


42/58

D3LP1I52


43/58

D3LP1I52

2he# are the marine structures located at the entrance ofthe locked or alongside a pier or a wharf.

6ses:-

2o absorb the impact force of the ships

2o provide mooring facilities i.e. for t#ping up ships

2he# are also used to shorten the length of piers and wharves

D3LP1I52


44/58

T(pes:-4A5 Breasting T(pe

(rovided in front of the sea face of the pier of wharf.

!esigned to take the impact of ship while docking and areeuipped with fenders

4B5 ,ooring T(pe

8ocated behind the seaward force of the berth 2he# are provided with bollards or mooring posts and with capstans

where heav# lines are to be handled +maller than breasting dolphins

D3LP1I52 onti/.0


45/58


46/58

*E5DER2


47/58

*E5DER2A fender is a form of a cushion is provided on a


48/58

*E5DER2


49/58

T(pes of &enders:-

4A5 *ooden &ender

+implest form of wooden fender are in the form of hori9ontal

wooden member. 2he# absorb energ# because of deflection when struck b# a

ship

4B5 +ubber &enders

2he simplest form of rubber fenders are rubber tires hung over theside of the dock.

/ubber fenders are supported b# wire rope attached to e#e bolt setin the concrete dock wall

*E5DER2 onti/0


50/58


51/58

33RI56 ACCE223RIE2


52/58

33RI56 ACCE223RIE2

Arrangement such as bow, stern, spring and breast lines arenecessaries to hold the ship stationar( with the dock $ to load or unload the cargo as well as passenger.

,ooring Accessories

Bollards

2his is fastened to single or double bollards which arelocated along the face of the dock to 4? m apart with the helpof ship lines such as bow, stern lines, spring and breast lines.

33RI56 ACCE223RIE2


53/58

#hocks:pen or closed chocks are used for directing lines on to the

correst post avoiding the lines from rubbing against sharp edges.

33RI56 ACCE223RIE2 onti/0

33RI56 ACCE223RIE2


54/58

#orner mooring post

2hese are located at the out shore corners of a pier or at the ends of thewharf.

• 2hese posts are designed to take greater loads than that on bollards whichis about 0 tones line pull.

• 7sed mainl# to bring the ship into the dock or to wrap it around the cornerof pier or dolphin.


33RI56 ACCE223RIE2


55/58

#leats

leats are used to tie small vessels such as@ small ships, tugs

and workboats.

•

2hese are usuall# spaced about 0 to m apart along the face ofthe dock.


33RI56 ACCE223RIE2


56/58

#apstans

It has a revolving c#lindrical surface

• 2hese are used to wind the ship;s line and thus to pull the ship

along the docking platform after which the lines are secured tothe bollards.

• 2he# ma# be pneumaticall# or electricall# operated.



57/58


58/58

Chapter - 4. Marine Structure

Documents

Transcript of Chapter - 4. Marine Structure