Chapter 4 Anthem Power Point
Transcript of Chapter 4 Anthem Power Point
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American AnthemModern American History
Chapter 4
The Union in Crisis
1850-1877
Copyright © 2009, Mr. EllingtonRuben S. Ayala High School
Columbus statute in
Rhode Island
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1. The Nation Splits ApartA: Expansion and Slavery
B: Sectional Conflicts and National Politics
C: Lincoln’s Path to the Presidency
D: The South Secedes
2. The Civil WarA: The Civil War Begins
Chapter 4: The Union in Crisis, 1850-1877
A: The Civil War Begins
B: Life During the Civil War
C: Fighting Continues
D: The Final Phase
3. Rebuilding the SouthA: Presidential Reconstruction
B: Congressional Reconstruction
C: Republicans in Charge
D: Reconstruction Ends
Columbus statute in
Rhode Island
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Part 1. The Nation Splits Apart1A: Expansion and Slavery
• Mexican Cession reopened the question of slavery and expansion
• Compromise of 1850 temporarily settled the issue, but Uncle
Tom’s Cabin and Kansas-Nebraska Act fueled sectional tensions
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Part 1. The Nation Splits Apart1B: Sectional Conflicts and National Politics
• A civil war in Kansas (“Bleeding Kansas”) was caused by a fight over
popular sovereignty and led to two competing state governments
• Democrats won 1856 election by portraying Republicans as radical
• The caning of Senator Sumner, the Dred Scott decision, and John
Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry all moved nation closer to civil war
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Part 1. The Nation Splits Apart Section 1C: Lincoln’s Path to the Presidency
• Lincoln was born in a log cabin in KY in 1809 and eventually
became a successful lawyer and Whig politician from IL
• In 1858, Lincoln ran
unsuccessfully for Stephen
Douglass’ senate seat as a
Republican and engaged in
a series of famous debatesa series of famous debates
• In 1860, Lincoln ran and
won the Presidency on the
Republican Party ticket
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Part 1. The Nation Splits Apart Section 1D: South Secedes
• Seven states led by S. Carolina seceded after Lincoln’s election
• The Confederacy chose Jefferson Davis as their leader
• Crittenden Compromise failed and left nation at brink of war
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Part 2: The Civil WarSection 2A: The Civil War Begins
• After Fort Sumter battle, 4 more states seceded and 4 chose to stay
• Union Advantages: population, industrialization, political leadership
• Confederate Advantages: defensive war, military leaders, foreign aid
• First Battle of Bull Run showed that war would not be decided quickly
• Antietam was bloodiest battle and a partial Union victory
Reenactment of
Battle of Antietam
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Part 2: The Civil War BeginsSection 2B: Life During the Civil War
• Emancipation Proclamation made the war about ending slavery
• Conditions for soldiers and especially POWs were bad
• Many blacks and women served in the war, especially for the North
• Both sides turned to a draft
Nursing during wartime
1863 Draft and anti-black riots in New York City
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Part 2: The Civil WarSection 2C: Fighting Continues
• Union blockaded South and cut off exports of cotton
• Monitor vs. Merrimack was first battle of ironclads
• Gettysburg and Vicksburg victories were turning point of the war
• After Chattanooga victory, Lincoln made Grant head of Union army
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
Monitor vs. the Merrimack
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Part 2: The Civil WarSection 2D: The Final Phase
• Grant relentlessly pursued Lee’s forces incurring heavy losses while
Sherman waged “total war” to break the South’s will to fight
• Lincoln won
reelection in
1864 after
Atlanta was Atlanta was
captured
• Lee
surrendered
at Appomattox
Courthouse in
1865 ending
the Civil War
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Part 3: ReconstructionSection 3A: Presidential Reconstruction
• After the war, big questions remained regarding the South
• Lincoln and later Johnson supported a 10% plan for Reconstruction
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Part 3: ReconstructionSection 3B: Congressional Reconstruction
• Black Codes and the KKK were used to “redeem” the South
• Johnson’s vetoes led to showdown with Republicans in Congress
• Congress passed 14th amendment and military reconstruction acts
• In 1868, Johnson was impeached and almost removed from office
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Part 3: ReconstructionSection 3C: Republicans in Charge
• 15th amendment gave blacks the vote and helped elect Grant in 1868
• Scalawags and carpetbaggers helped Reconstruction in the South
• Freedmen’s Bureau educated many blacks, but most were still forced
into sharecropping, along with many poorer whites
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Part 3: ReconstructionSection 3D: Reconstruction Ends
• Time, corruption, ongoing violence, economic depression all soured
many Northerners on Reconstruction
• Disputed election of 1876 was settled by South trading the
presidency for an end to Reconstruction
• Even though Reconstruction failed, it paved way for future changes