Chapter 4: Ancient Greece1900-133 BC

Chapter 4Section 2

The Greek City-States

Learning ObjectivesThe students will be able to:

Compare and contrast the roles of women, children, and males in Sparta and Athens.

Name the forms of government in Greece.

Central focus of Greek life Town, city, or village & the countryside

Where people met for political, social, & religious

activities

Greek City-State

Polis

2

Acropolis--fortified hill in center of the city

agora--marketplace

Acropolis 2Acropolis 2

AgoraAgora

2

Hoplite soldiers –

Heavily armed infantry or foot soldiers

Phalanx – block formationPhalanx – block formation

Tyrants Seized the government - took

land from the rich & gave to the poor

Gained & kept power by hiring soldiers

fell out of favor because contradicted the Greek rule of law

Tyranny led to the development of democracy

Ended the rule of aristocrats & allowed new people to participate in government

Sparta and Athens

Sparta

Conquered their neighbors, the Laconians & the Messenians

These people became known as helots (Greek word for “capture”)

Became a military state to ensure control over the helots

Boys learn military discipline

Spartan = “highly self-disciplined”

men served a lifetime in the military (age

20-60) lives were rigidly organized & tightly controlled

Spartan

Hoplite 8

Spartan Women

*power over the home*exercise & remain fit*expected husbands & sons to be brave

Spartan Values

duty, strength and discipline over all

discouraged from studying philosophy, literature & arts – might lead to new thoughts

Spartan Government

Oligarchy - 2 Kings Ephors – 5 elected men

Council of Elders

Athens

Daily Life in Classical Athens

Boys were taught reading, writing, math, music,

and physical education Education ended at age 18

when officially became a citizen

AthenianWomen

4

Role of WomenStrictly controlled -confined to the house

Always had a male guardian

Could not own propertyLearned to read & play instruments, but were not given a formal education

GovernmentRuled by AristocratsEconomic problems =

political turmoilFarmers sold into slavery

Athens verged on Civil War

Solon

Reform-minded Aristocrat

Solon’s Reforms

Cancelled all debts Freed slaves Would not take land from rich & give to poor

Internal Strife = Tyranny

Pisistratus seized power in 560 BC

Gave aristocrats’ land to the poor to gain their favor

Succeed by his son & Athenians rebelled against him

Cleisthenes’s Reforms

Gained power in 508 BC Created a council of 500

– Citizen’s Assembly Basis of Athenian democracy

Types of Governme

nt

Monarchy Ruled by a single king Rule is hereditary Some rulers claim divine right

Practiced in Mycenae

Oligarchy Ruled by a small group of citizens

Rule is based on wealth

Practiced in Sparta

Aristocracy Ruled by nobility Rule is hereditary & based

on land ownership Social status & wealth supports authority

Practiced in Athens

Democracy Ruled by citizens Rule is based on citizenship Majority rule decides the voteResulted from Cleisthenes

reforms Practiced in Athens

Learning ObjectivesThe students will be able to:

Compare and contrast the roles of women, children, and males in Sparta and Athens.

Name the forms of government in Greece.