Chapter 4 & 9

Ecology of Marine Biology

Is it Alive?

• Observe object:• 1-Tell what you think object is.• 2-Place specimen in one of three categories:

– A- is alive– B- Not alive now-used to be alive or came from

something that was alive– C-Not alive, never was alive

• 3-Then list characteristics that helped you decide A, B, or C.

Is it Alive?

• Step 1

• Go through your list of characteristics. Were the characteristics chosen absolutely necessary for the maintenance of life? Hint: (If you can think of any organism that does not have to do that, it is not necessary. Write “N” for necessary beside the appropriate characteristics.

Is it Alive?• Step 2• Were there any characteristics that would

appear in all specimens? Make a list of these characteristics on the bottom of your page.

Is it Alive?• Step 3• Now write a definition for “life” including as

many characteristics of life as possible on the back of your handout.

Is it Alive?• Step 4• Now in a group of students assigned by your

teacher discuss your definition for “life” including as many characteristics of life as possible. Make sure that all members of your group can defend the group’s answers. Be ready for class discussion.

Requirements of Life

1. Process energy and material

Examples:

Requirements of Life1. Process energy and material

Examples:

2. Maintain organization, grow, and reproduce

Examples:

Requirements of Life1. Process energy and material

Examples:

2. Maintain organization, grow, and reproduce

Examples:

3. Respond to environment

Examples:

Joshu’s new grocery store• Frozen Dinner• Milk• Meat • Donuts • Mac/Cheese• Ribbon• Bread• Motor Oil• 12 Pack Pepsi• Nails• Water • Cheese• Laundry Soap• Eggs• Rope• Chips

Pounds Dozens

Gallons By the

Foot

Package

Levels of Organization of Life

1. Cell

2. Individual

3. Population

4. Community

5. Ecosystem

Macromolecules

Lipids - Fat, Cholesterol, Steroids

Carbohydrates - 1. Simple - glucose (sugar)

- 2. Complex - starch

Protein - amino acids

Nucleic Acid - DNA/RNA

Plants capture the suns energy and turn it into food for themselves (photosynthesis)

Photosynthesis

H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 + O2

Reactants Products

Respiration

C6H12O6 H2O + CO2 + Energy

Photosynthesis

Respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis. Respiration breaks down organic matter, using O2 and producing CO2 and H20.

Cells -

Prokaryote - Bacteria

Eukaryote - Plants, Animals, Protists, and Fungi

Prokaryotic cell (bacterium) – no membrane bound organelles – smallest and simplest.

Bacteria were the first life forms on the earth. Fossil bacteria show an age of 3.8 billion years old, almost as old as the ocean

itself.

Eukaryotes – contain membrane bound organelles (plant and animal cells)

Reproduction Strategies

Prudent Prodigal

Few young Many young

1 -12 100’s 1000’s

Mammals some fish Fish/invertebrates

Energy is invested in care

of young

Energy is invested in making an enormous

amount of young

Whales

Dolphins

Sponge sea urchin

Sea grass reproduction by runners or stolens.

Sexual reproduction by Sea Urchin

Giant Clam reproducing by broadcast spawning.

Male jawfish incubate eggs in it’s mouth.

Fur seals care for their young for a long time.

Protista Ex.Ameoba Diatom Dinoflagellate

Algae

Modern Bacteria

Fungi Mushrooms

Mold

Plantae Sea grass Mangrove

Animalia

Protista

Algae

Ciliates Flagellates

Monera

Archaebacteria

Classification based on cellular organization and mode of nutrition

All Life

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes(Bacteria, monera)

Single cell or multi cell Complex(Protista) Muticellular

Photosynthetic Autotroph Heterotroph

(Plant)

Absorb Catch

(fungi) (animal)

Trophic LevelsProducers - Autotroph Consumer - Heterotroph Scavenger Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore Decomposer Filter Feeder Detritavore

DOM

Producers(Autrotroph Phytoplankton)

Car.

Car.

Carnivore

Carnivore

Herbivore (zooplankton)

C - 5

C - 4

C - 3

C - 2

C - 1

Consumer Heterotroph

Food ChainShadows in a Desert Sea

Sea of Cortez

Dolphins

Sardines

Mycid Shrimp

Phytoplankton

Food Chain

FOOD WEB

FOOD WEB

FOOD WEB

FOOD WEB

exponential growth