Hardware For Educators

Chapter 4: October 11, 2010

Input Processing Output Storage

Hardware ComponentsUsed for:

Box like case that houses the electronic components

Made out of metal or plastic Protects the electronic components

The System Unit

The System Unit The System Unit is a box-like case made

from metal or plastic that houses the computer electronic components a computer uses to process data.

All types and sizes of computers have a system unit.

Motherboard CPU=Central Processing Unit Memory Expansion slots Expansion cards Removable memory devices

Components of the System Unit

Central Processing Unit=most important chip in the motherboard

CPU=carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer

Also referred to as the processor

CPU

Directs traffic with in the CPU Repeats 4 basic operations:

1. Fetch=obtaining instruction from memory2. decoding=translating instructions into

commands3. Executing=carries out commands4. Storing=writes the result into memory

Control Unit

With in the control unit there is a system clock

System clock=controls the timing of all computer operations

Clock speed= measured in GHz Giga=one billion Hertz=per second cycle 4 GHz= FOUR Billion clock cycles or ticks in

ONE second!!

System Clock

The components of the system unit include the motherboard, CPU, memory and ports and connectors.

Memory Processor

1st

Fetch

2nd

Decode

3rd

Execute

4th

Stored

Motherboard

CPU Process

RAM = Random Access MemoryRAM is Volatile, which means data stored in RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off.

ROM= Read-only MemoryROM is nonvolatile because it retains its contents even when the power is turned off.

Ports and Connectors

1. Volatile=lost when the computer turns off (RAM)

2. Nonvolatile=not lost (ROM) RAM=Random Access Memory The more RAM a computer has the more

programs and files it can work on at once ROM=Read Only Memory: stores info and

instructions that do NOT change.

2 Types of Memory

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http://tinyurl.com/36vsb2b

TinyURL.com

Humans count with the decimal system which is between 0 and 9

A computers job is to process data electronically

Understands only two states: On & OFF; this is referred to as digital.

These two states are represented by electronic circuits represented by 1 or 0

Computers use BINARY=2 digits

Data Representation

Bit=Binary DigiT The on or off value is represented by a bit Represents the smallest unit of data the

computer can handle Not informative by itself but 8 bits = a byte Provides combinations of 0s and 1s Creates over 256 characters

Binary Digit

American Standard for Information Interchange

Most widely used coding scheme Make it possible for humans to interact with

a machine that uses only ones and zeros or BITS

Happens so fasthttp://www.brainpop.com/technology/computersandinternet/binary/

ASCII

Any item entered into the memory of a computer.

Data- is a collection of unprocessed items.

Commands- is an instruction given to a computer program.

It can be categorized in four types: •Data•Commands•Programs•User Response.

What is Input

What are Input Devices? Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer.

Input devices include:•Keyboards•Pointing devices•Scanners and reading devices•Digital cameras•Audio and video input devices•Input devices for students with special needs

A popular keyboard used in k-12 classrooms is a wireless keyboard. It is a battery-operated device that transmits data using wireless technology, such as radio waves.

Digital cameras allows you to take pictures and store the images digitally instead of on traditional film.

What is OutputData that has been processed into a useful form called information.

Four common types of output are:•Text•Graphics•Audio•Video

Text- consist of characters that that are used to create words, sentences, and paragraphs.

Graphics- are digital representations of nontext information, such as images, drawing, charts, pictures, and photographs.

Audio- is any music, speech, or other sound that is stored and produced by the computer.

Video- consist of photographic images that are played back at speeds that provide the appearance of full motion in real time.

What Are Output Devices?Any computer component capable of conveying information to a user. This includes:

Display Devices Printers

Data Projectors Facsimile MachinesMultifunction Devices

Speakers, Headphones, and Earphones

Display DevicesThe core of most monitors is made up of a cathode ray tube (CRT)

A pixel is a single point in an electronic image

What is Storage?

Storage stores data, instructions, and information when they are not being Processed.

Storage Media and DevicesMagnetic Disks

Optical Disc

Mini Mobile Storage Devices

A storage medium that consists of a flat round portable disc made of metal, plastic and lacquer that is written to and read from a laser

CDs & DVDs R=recordable CD-RW CD-R CD-ROM DVD=digital with much larger storage

capabilities

Optical Discs

Universal Serial Bus Port can connect up to 127 different devices with a single connector

Including: mouse, printer, digital camera, media players, smart phones etc.

http://www.brainpop.com/technology/computersandinternet/datastoragedevices/

USB

Open Microsoft Word Create a table for a database Insert header with name Footer with date 4 Columns labeled: Web-site, address/URL

summary, uses/ideas 10 Rows:

Lab 2 Web-site Database