CHAPTER 3(Water&Air)

7/24/2019 CHAPTER 3(Water&Air)

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Water PollutionWater Pollution

Tengku Fazli Tengku YahyaTengku Fazli Tengku Yahya

Department of EnvironmentalDepartment of Environmental

EngineeringEngineering

UNIKL MICETUNIKL MICET


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ollutionollution
http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://www.quiet.org/noiseletter/winter2005/bigworld%2Bnoisehurtstransp.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.quiet.org/noiseletter/winter2005/page1.htm&h=768&w=831&sz=19&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=wpE-53-0uRk52M:&tbnh=133&tbnw=144&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnoise%2Bpollution%2Bcartoon%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/romania/soe2000/imag/sonpol.jpg&imgrefurl=http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/romania/soe2000/eng/cap6/polson.htm&h=202&w=300&sz=25&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=-weF7ij2Yus39M:&tbnh=78&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnoise%2Bpollution%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://www.amref.org/docs/graphics/black_water.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tanzania.amref.org/index.asp%3FPageID%3D45&h=147&w=152&sz=9&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=SbL8QT8FKxyi6M:&tbnh=93&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddirty%2Briver%2Bblack%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den


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!ater!ater The benefcial uses o water are variedThe benefcial uses o water are varied

and include its use or :and include its use or : drinking and or domestic purposesdrinking and or domestic purposes

watering livestockwatering livestock the irrigation o cropsthe irrigation o crops

or fsheriesor fsheries

industryindustry

ood productionood production

bathingbathing

recreational and amenity use.recreational and amenity use.


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!ater "uality!ater "uality D#E $on%u$ting monitoring of river &in$e '()*D#E $on%u$ting monitoring of river &in$e '()*

+ to e&ta,li&h the &tatu& of -ater "uality+ to e&ta,li&h the &tatu& of -ater "uality

+ %ete$t $hange& an% i%entify pollution &our$e&+ %ete$t $hange& an% i%entify pollution &our$e&

+ total of (.) manual &tation& lo$ate% -ithin+ total of (.) manual &tation& lo$ate% -ithin

'./ river ,a&in& through out Malay&ia0 './ river ,a&in& through out Malay&ia0

!ater "uality %ata -ere u&e% to %etermine the -ater!ater "uality %ata -ere u&e% to %etermine the -ater"uality &tatu& an% to $la&&i1e% the river& in Cla&& I2 II2 III2"uality &tatu& an% to $la&&i1e% the river& in Cla&& I2 II2 III2I3 or 3 ,a&e% on 4I3 or 3 ,a&e% on 4

!ater 5uality In%e6 7!5I8!ater 5uality In%e6 7!5I8 Interim National !ater 5uality 9tan%ar%& ofInterim National !ater 5uality 9tan%ar%& ofMalay&iaMalay&ia

9tan%ar%& : an% ; -ere u&e% for In%u&trial E


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INTE=IM 7for riverINTE=IM 7for river

Cla&&i1$ation8Cla&&i1$ation8Parameters (Units) ClassesI IIA IIB III IV V

Ammonical

Nitrogen mg/L 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.9 2. !2

B"# mg/L 1 3 3 $ 12 !12

C"# mg/L 10 2% 2% %0 100 !100

#" mg/L %& %& 3&% '3 '1

& $.%&*.% $.%&9.% $&9 %&9 %&9

+lectricalCon,-ctiit mmos 1000 1000 & $000 &

emerat-re C & 2 & 2 & &

-r4i,it NU % %0 %0 & & &


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9tan%ar% : :n% ; 7for9tan%ar% : :n% ; 7for

In%u&trial8In%u&trial8


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!>Y #U= =I3E=9 #LLUTED???!>Y #U= =I3E=9 #LLUTED???


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Di&&olve% #6ygenDi&&olve% #6ygen

The %i&&olve% o6ygen $on$entrationThe %i&&olve% o6ygen $on$entration

of a -ater ,o%y i& %etermine% ,y theof a -ater ,o%y i& %etermine% ,y the

amount of o6ygen hel% in &olution0amount of o6ygen hel% in &olution0 Di&$harge of organi$2 %egra%a,leDi&$harge of organi$2 %egra%a,le

-a&te-ater into @o-ing -ater&-a&te-ater into @o-ing -ater&

re&ult& in a %e$rea&e of D#re&ult& in a %e$rea&e of D#$on$entration 7Drol$ an% Aagor$2$on$entration 7Drol$ an% Aagor$2

'(((80'(((80


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Biochemical OygenBiochemical Oygen

!emand!emand "BO!"BO!BB## :mount of o6ygen re"uire% ,y aero,i$:mount of o6ygen re"uire% ,y aero,i$

mi$roorgani&m& to %e$ompo&e themi$roorgani&m& to %e$ompo&e the

organi$ matter in a &ample of -aterorgani$ matter in a &ample of -ater

9ample& are normally in$u,ate% at ./9ample& are normally in$u,ate% at ./%egree&2 after the D# i& mea&ure%0%egree&2 after the D# i& mea&ure%0

;#D;#DBBrea%ing ,elo- than one i& goo%rea%ing ,elo- than one i& goo%

for %rinking -ater mean-hile ;#Dfor %rinking -ater mean-hile ;#DBBrea%ing more than one nee%& area%ing more than one nee%& a

$onventional treatment0$onventional treatment0


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$hemical Oygen !emand$hemical Oygen !emand

"$O!#"$O!#The amount of o6ygen $on&ume% toThe amount of o6ygen $on&ume% to

$ompletely $hemi$ally o6i%ize the$ompletely $hemi$ally o6i%ize the

organi$ -ater $on&tituent& toorgani$ -ater $on&tituent& toinorgani$ en% pro%u$t&0inorgani$ en% pro%u$t&0The C#D te&t are u&ually higher thanThe C#D te&t are u&ually higher than

;#D te&t Many organi$ $ompoun%&;#D te&t Many organi$ $ompoun%&

-hi$h are %i$hromate o6i%iza,le are-hi$h are %i$hromate o6i%iza,le arenot ,io$hemi$ally o6i%iza,lenot ,io$hemi$ally o6i%iza,le00


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De1nitionDe1nition

!hat i& -ater pollution?!hat i& -ater pollution?

o$$ur& -hen a ,o%y of -ater i& a%ver&elyo$$ur& -hen a ,o%y of -ater i& a%ver&ely

ae$te% %ue to the a%%ition of largeae$te% %ue to the a%%ition of largeamount& of material& to the -ateramount& of material& to the -ater

the lo&& of any of the a$tual or potentialthe lo&& of any of the a$tual or potential

,ene1$ial u&e& of -ater $au&e% ,y any,ene1$ial u&e& of -ater $au&e% ,y any $hange$hangein it& $ompo&ition %ue toin it& $ompo&ition %ue to human a$tivityhuman a$tivity


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9our$e&9our$e&

There are . type& of &our$e&There are . type& of &our$e&

Point sources Non-point sources

occur whenharmful

substances

are emitted

directlyinto

a body of

water fromspecific

location

Factories,

power plant,

oil refinery

A nonpoint source deliverspollutants indirectly

through environmental

changes

example : fertilizer from a

field is carried into a

stream by rain, in the formof run-off which in turn

effects auatic life

Automobile, resident,

agriculture, urban,

construction, business,

storm drain


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Non+point 9our$e&Non+point 9our$e&
http://protectingwater.com/index.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/automobile.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/automobile.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/automobile.html


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:utomo,ile pollution:utomo,ile pollution

Cau&e&Cau&e&leave oil2 antifreeze2 grea&e an% metal&leave oil2 antifreeze2 grea&e an% metal&

on &treet& an% %rive-ay&on &treet& an% %rive-ay&emit nitrogen an% other $ontaminant&2emit nitrogen an% other $ontaminant&2

-hi$h &ettle in -ater-hi$h &ettle in -ater

$ar -a&hing %etergent& $ontain$ar -a&hing %etergent& $ontain

pho&phoru&pho&phoru&


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:utomo,ile pollution:utomo,ile pollution

>o- to $ontrol?>o- to $ontrol?Car poolCar pool

Monitor G repair any leak&Monitor G repair any leak&:l-ay& take u&e% oil2 ,atterie& an% other:l-ay& take u&e% oil2 ,atterie& an% other

@ui%& for a proper %i&po&al@ui%& for a proper %i&po&al

u&e %etergent& that %onHt $ontainu&e %etergent& that %onHt $ontain

pho&phoru& to -a&h your $arpho&phoru& to -a&h your $ar


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Non+point &our$e&Non+point &our$e&
http://protectingwater.com/household.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/household.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/index.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/household.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/household.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/household.html


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=e&i%ential pollution=e&i%ential pollution

Cau&e&Cau&e&

Fertilizer&Fertilizer&

-ee% killer-ee% killer

In&e$ti$i%e& an% fungi$i%e&In&e$ti$i%e& an% fungi$i%e&

poorly maintaine% &epti$ &y&tem& Gpoorly maintaine% &epti$ &y&tem& G

$ommon hou&ehol% $leaner&$ommon hou&ehol% $leaner&improper %i&po&al of paint2 oil an%improper %i&po&al of paint2 oil an%

other $hemi$al&other $hemi$al&


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=e&i%ential pollution=e&i%ential pollution

>o- to $ontrol?>o- to $ontrol? U&e environmentally &afe $leaningU&e environmentally &afe $leaning

pro%u$t& that %onHt $ontain pho&phoru&pro%u$t& that %onHt $ontain pho&phoru&or other to6i$ $hemi$al&0or other to6i$ $hemi$al&0

U&e ,iologi$al metho%& an% trap& toU&e ,iologi$al metho%& an% trap& tore%u$e in&e$t&2 -ee%& an% fungu& in&tea%re%u$e in&e$t&2 -ee%& an% fungu& in&tea%of to6i$ in&e$ti$i%e& an% her,i$i%e&0of to6i$ in&e$ti$i%e& an% her,i$i%e&0

lant gra&& or plant& in e6po&e% &oil area&lant gra&& or plant& in e6po&e% &oil area& Monitor an% maintain &epti$ &y&tem& forMonitor an% maintain &epti$ &y&tem& for

leak& an% over@o-&leak& an% over@o-& 9oak up e6$e&& paint -ith a &ponge9oak up e6$e&& paint -ith a &ponge


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http://protectingwater.com/agriculture.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/agriculture.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/index.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/agriculture.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/agriculture.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/agriculture.html


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:gri$ulture pollution:gri$ulture pollution

Cau&e&Cau&e&

=uno from ,arnyar%&2 fee%lot&=uno from ,arnyar%&2 fee%lot&

an% $roplan% $arrie& a-ayan% $roplan% $arrie& a-aymanure2 fertilizer&2 ammonia2manure2 fertilizer&2 ammonia2

pe&ti$i%e&2 live&to$k -a&te2 oilpe&ti$i%e&2 live&to$k -a&te2 oil

to6in& from farm e"uipment2 &oilto6in& from farm e"uipment2 &oilan% &e%imentan% &e%iment


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:gri$ulture pollution:gri$ulture pollution

>o- to $ontrol?>o- to $ontrol?U&e fertilizer& &paringly0 Te&t the &oil to &ee the amount ofU&e fertilizer& &paringly0 Te&t the &oil to &ee the amount offertilizer nee%e%fertilizer nee%e%

DonHt fertilize ,efore a rain &tormDonHt fertilize ,efore a rain &torm

U&e organi$ fertilizer& that relea&e nutrient& more &lo-lyU&e organi$ fertilizer& that relea&e nutrient& more &lo-ly

9u,&titute ,iologi$al metho%& for pe&ti$i%e& an% never9u,&titute ,iologi$al metho%& for pe&ti$i%e& an% neverapply them near a -ell or -aterapply them near a -ell or -ater

=e$y$le oil2 antifreeze2 ,atterie&2 fertilizer2 pe&ti$i%e& an%=e$y$le oil2 antifreeze2 ,atterie&2 fertilizer2 pe&ti$i%e& an%other $hemi$al&other $hemi$al&

Maintain proper &torage of fertilizer&2 pe&ti$i%e& an%Maintain proper &torage of fertilizer&2 pe&ti$i%e& an%monitor $ontainer& for leak&0monitor $ontainer& for leak&0

routinely pi$k up live&to$k -a&te an% %i&po&e of it properlyroutinely pi$k up live&to$k -a&te an% %i&po&e of it properly


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http://protectingwater.com/urban.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/urban.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/index.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/urban.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/urban.htmlhttp://protectingwater.com/urban.html


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Ur,an pollutionUr,an pollution

Cau&e&Cau&e&=uno -ater from ,uil%ing&2 &treet& an% &i%e-alk&=uno -ater from ,uil%ing&2 &treet& an% &i%e-alk&

$arrie& many pollutant&$arrie& many pollutant&

in%u&trie& %o not %i&po&e of -a&te properly an%in%u&trie& %o not %i&po&e of -a&te properly an%

%ump pollutant& %ire$tly into -ater-ay&%ump pollutant& %ire$tly into -ater-ay&

$itie& are ,uilt2 the natural -ater&he% i& $hange%$itie& are ,uilt2 the natural -ater&he% i& $hange%

!etlan%& are often 1lle% in -ith %irt an% $on$rete!etlan%& are often 1lle% in -ith %irt an% $on$rete

an% natural &tream& are re%ire$te% ,y man+ma%ean% natural &tream& are re%ire$te% ,y man+ma%e$hannel&$hannel&

7Thi& take& a-ay natureH& a,ility to 1lter out7Thi& take& a-ay natureH& a,ility to 1lter out

$ontaminant& ,efore they en% up in river8$ontaminant& ,efore they en% up in river8


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Ur,an pollutionUr,an pollution

>o- to $ontrol?>o- to $ontrol?et involve% in neigh,orhoo% $leanup&0et involve% in neigh,orhoo% $leanup&0

Never %ump anything into the groun% or &treet an% %onHtNever %ump anything into the groun% or &treet an% %onHt

allo- anything other than rain -ater to @o- into &tormallo- anything other than rain -ater to @o- into &torm%rain&%rain&

!rite or $all your ele$te% repre&entative an% urge them to!rite or $all your ele$te% repre&entative an% urge them to

-rite legi&lation that prote$t& natural -ater&he%& from-rite legi&lation that prote$t& natural -ater&he%& from

%evelopment%evelopment

;u&ine&&e& &houl% follo- ;e&t Management;u&ine&&e& &houl% follo- ;e&t Managementra$ti$e& for $ontrolling pollution2 runo an%ra$ti$e& for $ontrolling pollution2 runo an%

-a&te %i&po&al-a&te %i&po&al


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Con&tru$tion pollutionCon&tru$tion pollution

Cau&e&Cau&e&

Con&tru$tion an% $learing lan% oftenCon&tru$tion an% $learing lan% often

put &e%iment in river& an% ,o%ie& ofput &e%iment in river& an% ,o%ie& of-ater0-ater0

#il2 %e,ri&2 paint an% other harmful#il2 %e,ri&2 paint an% other harmful

$hemi$al& al&o $an runo -ith -ater$hemi$al& al&o $an runo -ith -ater

an% &e%iment from $on&tru$tion &ite&an% &e%iment from $on&tru$tion &ite&


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Con&tru$tion pollutionCon&tru$tion pollution

>o- to $ontrol?>o- to $ontrol?Control -ater runo from $on&tru$tion &ite&Control -ater runo from $on&tru$tion &ite&


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;u&ine&& pollution;u&ine&& pollution

Cau&e&Cau&e&

To6in& $ome from vehi$le&2 ma$hinery2To6in& $ome from vehi$le&2 ma$hinery2

$leaning pro%u$t&2 gar,age2 &epti$$leaning pro%u$t&2 gar,age2 &epti$&y&tem&2 to6i$ -a&te an% &everal&y&tem&2 to6i$ -a&te an% &everal

other pollutant& u&e% ,y ,u&ine&&e&other pollutant& u&e% ,y ,u&ine&&e&


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;u&ine&& pollution;u&ine&& pollution

>o- to $ontrol?>o- to $ontrol?Never u&e or &tore hazar%ou& material& near &torm %rain& orNever u&e or &tore hazar%ou& material& near &torm %rain& or

-ater-ater

-ell+informe% a,out the all type& of pollution your $ompany i&-ell+informe% a,out the all type& of pollution your $ompany i&$ontri,uting0$ontri,uting0

You mu&t un%er&tan% an% follo- all regulation& pertaining toYou mu&t un%er&tan% an% follo- all regulation& pertaining to

the &torage2 u&e an% %i&po&al of to6i$ material&the &torage2 u&e an% %i&po&al of to6i$ material&

Employee& mu&t ,e -ell+e%u$ate% a,out non+point &our$eEmployee& mu&t ,e -ell+e%u$ate% a,out non+point &our$e

pollution an% taught -ay& to minimize the impa$t yourpollution an% taught -ay& to minimize the impa$t your

$ompany make& on the environment$ompany make& on the environment

U&e $hemi$al& &paringly an% never u&e more than nee%e%0U&e $hemi$al& &paringly an% never u&e more than nee%e%0


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Ee$t& of -ater pollutionEe$t& of -ater pollution

i0i0 9prea%& Di&ea&e9prea%& Di&ea&e

ii0ii0 :e$t& 3ital ;o%y #rgan&:e$t& 3ital ;o%y #rgan&

iii0iii0 Cau&e& To6i$ ;uil%up in the Foo% ChainCau&e& To6i$ ;uil%up in the Foo% Chain

iv0iv0 Kill& :"uati$ LifeKill& :"uati$ Life

v0v0 Cau&e& Floo%ingCau&e& Floo%ing

vi0vi0 Cau&e& :lgal ;loomCau&e& :lgal ;loom

vii0vii0 Deformitie& of 1&h2 ,ir%&2 an% other -il%lifeDeformitie& of 1&h2 ,ir%&2 an% other -il%life

viii0viii0 Dieren$e& in $olor G ta&teDieren$e& in $olor G ta&te ,ea$h $lo&ing,ea$h $lo&ing

i60i60 =ai&e% an% ne- a%%e% $o&t& to agri$ulture an%=ai&e% an% ne- a%%e% $o&t& to agri$ulture an%

in%u&try for $lean+up&in%u&try for $lean+up&

CHAPTER 3(Water&Air)

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