CHAPTER 36: GLOBALIZATION & RESISTANCE

Lindsey Ball & Gabbi BellamyPeriod 2

GLOBAL IZAT ION: CAUSES & PROCESSESGlobalization

Increase in exchange and communication

International exchange • Launched globalization in the 20th

century• China decides to export & start

international trade• Fall of the Soviet Union• Less government control & use of

free-market ideas & policies

GLOBALIZATION: CAUSES & PROCESSES

Some places remained isolated from globalization

Nationalism declines

English spreads• Becomes a world language

THE NEW TECHNOLOGY

Introduction of cell phones• Rapidly became popular

Miniaturization of computers made more efficient

Email created in 1972

Tim Berners World Wide Web

Creation of internet

Creation of television

ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION:BUSINESS ORGANIZATION &

INVESTMENT Stock exchange

Investments

Manufacturers and factories spread• Japanese car factories in US,

Europe, & others• Operations spread to the US

• German• Dutch• French

ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION:BUSINESS ORGANIZATION &

INVESTMENT

Increase in exports and imports

Multinational corporations• Expansion of business beyond

political boundaries• Separation of labor• Spread of multinational corporations

pushed nations to industrialization & away from agriculture

International firms

Interest rates

ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION:BUSINESS ORGANIZATION &

INVESTMENTAmerican factories in Northern Mexico

• Produced inexpensive goods• Wanted cheap labor and chill regulations

Not all societies benefit from globalization• Poverty in some areas• Global competition

• Africa lost jobs in traditional manufacturing• Government services reduced

• Gaps widen between poor and rich• “Urban slums” and labor expand

MIGRATIONInternational patterns

• Slowing population growth by 1990s (Italy, Greece, Japan)

• Multinational populations (Europe and US)

• Tension grows

CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION

Increased cultural exchange by the 1990s

• Mass consumer goods

• Internet, art shows, scientific conferences, and symphony exchanges rise

RISE OF FAST FOODMcdonald’s

• Influenced rise of other fast food from 1970s to present

• Began in Illinois 1995• Went international (1967)

in Canada and Puerto Rico• 109 countries by 1998• Soviet Union (1990) ->

demonstrated end of Cold War feud and Russian desire for international goods

• Massive patronage

CULTURAL GLOBALIZATIONAmerican television and movies

• Baywatch• Mickey Mouse• National Beauty Pageant • MTV

American holidays spread• Christmas gift giving, lights, Santa Claus• American Halloween (Trick-or-Treating)• Muslim Ramadan (month of self-denial)• American song “Happy Birthday”

CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION

Not just American• Japanese rock groups• Pokémon• Japanese heroin from a

soap opera• Japanese music

groups/animation• European music

groups/fashion

CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION

Changes in clothing style• American blue jeans• Brand names (Western)

manufactured in China

Obesity issues

Foreign models adapt to local customs

INSTITUTIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

UN activity increases (1990s)

UN Humanitarian intervention

World Health Organization• Sudden Acute Respiratory System (SARS)

International nongovernmental organizations (INGOs)

• Amnesty international• 1970s INGOs for human rights, labor,

environmental, & other issues• Rape seen as a war crime (1990s)

ECONOMI C INS T I TU T I O NS O F GLOBAL IZ AT I O N

World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF)

• Began after WWII -> promote trade• Offered loans, usually with economic reform• Main promoters of capitalist global economy

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

• Wanted lower tariffs and bigger economic coordination

PROTEST & ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTIESProtest movement

• Some violence• Seattle (1999)

Rising issues by protesters around the world

• Protesters believed environment was being hurt by this economic globalization

• Cheap labor another concern• Widespread consumerism • Believed rich benefited and not the rest

of the world

NAT IONAL ISM & NEW REL IG IOUS CURRENTS

Nationalism against globalization

• Traditions taken away with globalization• Result Japan uses chopsticks• French stop English integration

into French language• Europe controls immigration• United States doesn’t support all

international treaties

NAT IO NAL I S M & NEW REL IG IO U S CU R R ENTS

Religion challenged globalization most

• Communism falls people revert back to old beliefs• i.e. Orthodox Christianity

and Protestant fundamentalists (Latin America)

NAT IO NAL I S M & NEW REL IG IO U S CU R R ENTS

Fundamentalism • Hinduism, Christianity, & Islam• Gave women more freedom• Wanted to go back to their

primary religion• Supported by urban groups

Religions collide

Terrorism based on religion

THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT

Globalization caused unfamiliar environmental issues

• Human impact• Not afraid of how the push for

economic globalization affected the environment

• Water shortage• Smoke

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AS GLOBAL CONCERNS

Industrial revolution caused Greenhouse Effect caused global warming

• Methane• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Climate changes

DISEASE & PROJECT ING FROM TRENDS

SARS & AIDS Epidemic

Big Changes in population

• Stabilization (2050)• Larger ratio of older

citizens

KEY CONCEPTS6.1 – I

• D – World Health Organization

6.1 – III • A – AIDS, SARS, Stabilization

6.3 – II• B – INGOs, IMF• D – NAFTA