“HOOVERVILLES”

Election of 1932 Voters want economic

improvement Hoover is nominated for

Republicans Franklin Delano Roosevelt

chosen for Democrats5th Cousin of TR Eleanor became political partner

○ TR’s Niece She is the most active 1st LadyFDR had to prove he was not an

invalid

Election of 1932 Hoover said his policies

kept the GD from becoming worse.

FDR attacked Hoover’s spendingIronic -FDR spends much

more FDR 472 electoral

He got the black vote Hoover 59

Three R’s: Relief, Recovery, & Reform

“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

Bank holiday March 6-10 Hundred Days Congress

Democratic Congress Congress gives FDR blank-

check powers New reforms –

unemployment insurance, old age insurance, minimum-wage reg., restrictions on child labor.

Roosevelt Tackles Money & Banking Emergency Banking Act of 1933 Fireside Chats to gain support. Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

FDR gets nation off gold standard

Creating Jobs for the Jobless

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLCA)

Civilian Workers Administration (CWA)

Day for Every Demagogue Father Charles Coughlin

Catholic priest Michigan Dislike ND and voiced it on radio

Senator Huey P. LongLA popular for “Share the Wealth”

○ Unrealistic plan.

Dr. Francis E. TownsendCA had a plan for senior citizens to

get $200 a month if spent within a month ○ Mathematically crazy plan

New Visibility for Women

First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt most visible

Frances Perkins – Secretary of LaborFirst female cabinet

member

Helping Industry and Labor

National Recovery AdministrationHelp labor, industry, and

unemployment Later shut down my Supreme

Court

Public Works AdministrationIntended to extend industrial

recovery and unemployment relief

Headed by Harold L. Ickes – Secretary of the Interior

1933 - 21st Amendment

21st Amendment repealed Prohibition. Congress- Legalize light wine and beer with alcohol content of 3.2% or less and also levied a $5 tax on every barrel manufactured.

Paying Farmers Not to Farm Agricultural Adjustment Agency

Paid Farmers to reduce crop acreage and would eliminate price-depressing surpluses

Rocky start – increase unemployment Supreme Court killed it in 19362nd AAA of 1938 more comprehensive

Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936Paid farmers to plant soil-conserving plants

(soybeans) or let land fallow

Dust Bowl and Black Blizzards

Drought of 1933 – winds whip dust into air. Parts of MO, TX, KS, AR, OK

1934 Frazier- Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act- suspension of mortgage foreclosures for 5 years.

Supreme Court struck down 1935 but later changed to 3 years.

1935 FDR – Resettlement Administration

Dust Bowl

Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

Indian “New Deal” Encouraged tribes to

preserve their culture and traditions and set up their own local self-government

77 tribes refused to organize

200 tribes did.

Battling Bankers and Big Business

Federal Securities Act“Truth in Securities Act” Required promoters to transmit to

the investor sworn information regarding the soundness of their stocks & Bonds

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)Stock watchdog administrative

agency

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

1933 sought to discover how much it took to produce electricity and keep rates reasonable.

Constructed dams on the Tennessee River

Helped 2.5 million citizens Hydroelectric power in TN

expanded west

Federal Reform and Social Security

1934 Federal Housing Administration (FHA)Small loans to householders

U.S. Housing Authority (USHA)Lend money to states or

communities for low-cost construction

Social Security Act of 1935Created pensions for old age,

blind, the physically handicapped, delinquent children, & other dependents.

New Deal for Labor

Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) of 1935Took place of NRA Guaranteed labor unions to organize

1935 Committee for Industrial Organization

1938 Fair Labor Standards Act

Election of 1936 Kansas Governor Alfred M.

Landon runs for Republicans FDR runs for reelection Roosevelt wins by landslide

FDR gets 523 electoral votes Landon gets 8 electoral votes

Democrats get over 2/3 majority in both Houses and Senate

Election of 1936 Results

Court Packing Scheme 20th Amendment – Lame Duck

President moves in January (instead of March.

FDR controlled both houses (Democrats)

Supreme Court was conservative

6 of 9 members were over 70. He tried to up the numbers of

justices up from 9 to 15. This backfired on him – “he’s a

dictator.”

Twilight of the New Deal FDR’s 1st term

Unemployment down 25% in 1932 to 15% in 1936.

1937 “Roosevelt Recession”Economy took a brief downturn cause by

government policies. 1937 Congress passes Reorganization

ActGave FDR limited power to administrative

reforms Hatch Act of 1939

Barred federal administrative officials from active political campaigning.