CHAPTER 3.3 MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES

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The Middle Colonies

• New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

• Swedes, Dutch, English, Germans and Africans

• Religious Freedom• Hudson and

Delaware rivers supported shipping and commerce

• Rich soil and mild winters

• Favorable for farming and raising livestock

New Netherland Becomes New York• In 1624, the Dutch West India

Company founded the colony of New Netherland• To attract people, they set up

the patroon system: a person who brought 50 settlers to New Netherland in return for 50 acres and special privileges• Peter Stuyvesant-governor,

wanted to expand New Netherland• Duke of York-sent by King

Charles II to drive the Dutch out• The Dutch surrender in 1664

and New Netherland becomes proprietary colony of New York with the Duke of York a the proprietor

• Duke of York gives part of his claim to George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley in 1664

• Becomes known as New Jersey

• Promise freedom of religion, large land grants and a representative assembly

NEW JERSEY

• Given to and named after William Penn by Charles II in 1681• Penn was a Quaker• Used this land where

Quakers could live how they wanted• Welcomed different religions

and ethnicities – religious freedom• Wanted the Native

Americans to be treated fairly

• In 1704, Penn granted the lower 3 counties their own assembly• They eventually break away

to form Delaware

Pennsylvania Delaware

Southern Colonies

• Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia

• Soil and climate suitable for warm-weather crops (tobacco, rice, and indigo)

Maryland• Established by Lord

Baltimore in 1632 for Roman Catholics, but religious freedom was promised• Economy based on tobacco,

which required laborers who came as servants or slaves• Very few women

The Carolinas• Founded in 1663• Charles Town was the first town

built (place of refuge for French Huguenots)• Cut timber, raised cattle, traded

with Native Americans• Also grew rice and indigo – they

used enslaved Africans and Native Americans• Colonist overthrew proprietors or

owners when they refused to help during a Spanish attack• In 1729, Carolina became a royal

colony (ruled by a governor appointed by the King)• Split into North and South Carolina

Georgia• Founded by James

Oglethorpe in 1732• Refuge for debtors, military

outpost against Spanish Florida and French Louisiana• Settled by English, German,

Swiss and Scottish• All religions welcomed• Made a royal colony in 1752