Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?
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Transcript of Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?
![Page 1: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 2: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
![Page 3: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
multicellular
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
![Page 4: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
heterotrophic
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
![Page 5: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
eukaryotes
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
![Page 6: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ingest their food
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
![Page 7: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
no cell walls
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
![Page 8: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
nervous tissue
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
![Page 9: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
muscle tissue
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
![Page 10: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
blastula stage
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
![Page 11: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
gastrula stage
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
![Page 12: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What is an animal?
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
![Page 13: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What is an animal?
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
Hox genes
![Page 14: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What is an animal?
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
Hox genes
![Page 15: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What is an animal?
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
Hox genes
Animals probably evolved from a colonial, flagellated protist.
![Page 16: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What is an animal?
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
Hox genes
Animals probably evolved from a colonial, flagellated protist.
![Page 17: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 18: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Phylogenetic trees are always being revised.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 19: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Science is different from other ways of knowing
Even our most cherished ideas in science are probationary
Ideas can be falsified through experiments or observation
The more testing a hypothesis withstands, the more credible it is
It’s all about the evidence.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 20: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
![Page 21: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
![Page 22: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
![Page 23: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
![Page 24: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
![Page 25: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
![Page 26: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
![Page 27: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
DeuterostomeProtostome
![Page 28: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
DeuterostomeProtostome
![Page 29: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
DeuterostomeProtostome
![Page 30: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
DeuterostomeProtostome
![Page 31: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
DeuterostomeProtostome
![Page 32: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
Protostome Deuterostome
![Page 33: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
Protostome Deuterostome
![Page 34: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
Protostome Deuterostome
Each of the four main branches divides the tree into grades based on body plan.
![Page 35: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The old system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
Protostome Deuterostome
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
![Page 36: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The new system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
No body cavity
Body cavity
Protostome Deuterostome
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
![Page 37: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The new system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Protostome Deuterostome
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
![Page 38: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The new system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Protostome Deuterostome
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
![Page 39: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The new system:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Ancestral colonial choanoflagellate
No true tissues
True tissues
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Protostome Deuterostome
Molecular evidence has rearranged the branches.
Lophotrochozoa
(tentacles)
Ecdysozoa
(exoskeletons)
![Page 40: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Most animal phyla originated in the “Cambrian explosion” between 525 million and 565
million years ago.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 41: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Most animal phyla originated in the “Cambrian explosion” between 525 million and 565
million years ago.
Evolution was so fast during that period that it is difficult to
sort out the history.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 42: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Causes of the Cambrian explosion:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 43: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Causes of the Cambrian explosion:
Ecological:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 44: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 45: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships
Geological:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 46: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships
Geological: Increasing levels of atmospheric oxygen
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 47: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships
Geological: Increasing levels of atmospheric oxygen
Genetic:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 48: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of predator-prey relationships
Geological: Increasing levels of atmospheric oxygen
Genetic: Changes in the Hox genes which control embryonic development.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 49: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Three Germ Layers and the
Coelom
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
![Page 50: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolutionacoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
![Page 51: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolutionacoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
![Page 52: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolutionacoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
![Page 53: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolutionacoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
![Page 54: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolutionacoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
![Page 55: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
acoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
![Page 56: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
acoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
![Page 57: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
acoelomate
coelomate protostome
pseudocoelomate
coelomate deuterotostome
mouth
anus
anus
mouth
![Page 58: Chapter 32 Introduction to Animal Evolution. What is an animal?](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56649eca5503460f94bd91cc/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution