CHAPTER 32Sections 3, 4, 5

Holocaust

Holo = Whole; Kaustos = Burnt

Genocide of about 6 million Jews Hitler called it “his final

solution” Also killed - including

Poles, Soviet civilians and POWS, handicapped, gay men, and political and religious opponents

Total = 11 – 17 million

Cont

Before war started concentration camps opened up to remove Jews from cities

Famous camps - Auschwitz and Dachau

Extermination camps sole purpose was execution

Mass shootings at first, then gas chambers

Cont

Used inmates for experiments Pressure chambers,

freeze them, tested different drugs, try to change eye color of kids, amputations and other brutal surgeries

If survived, usually killed after and dissected

90% Jews in Poland, Baltic Countries, Germany, Austria died

Japanese American Internment Camps

About 110,000 (2/3 American citizens) sent to War Relocation Camps

Executive Order 9066 allowed it

All Japanese Americans on west coast were sent to camps

Reagan apoligized, $1.6 billion paid in reparations

Cont

Camps in remote, desolate areas

Had schools, played baseball games, music lessons, said the pledge every morning

Many loss irreplaceable personal items because of what they could bring

Final Days in Europe

General Patton Pushes Germans out of Africa

Sicily invaded in 1943 People revolted against

Mussolini Italy signs an armistice Sept

1943 Germany out of USSR by 1944 June 6, 1944 D – Day, led by

General Dwight D. Eisenhower Attack in Normandy, France Allowed Allies to form a base

in Europe

Cont

Soviets take Germans out of the Balkans

Battle of the Bulge stopped last German offensive on Western Front

December 1944 in the Ardenes Forest

Feb 1945 Churchill, FDR, Stalin met in Yalta

Discuss postwar Germany to be

divided up into four zones

Fight until get unconditional surrender

Cont

Western Allies get to Rhine River

Soviets get to Berlin border

FDR dies April 12, Harry S Truman takes over

Mussolini killed April 28

April 30 Hitler commits suicide

May 8, 1945 V E Day

End in the Pacific

Battle of Iwo Jima, February 1945

22,000 Japanese there to fight, 21,000 died

7,000 Allied forces killed

July 1945 meeting at Potsdam Fight until get Japanese

unconditional surrender USSR would declare war

on Japan

Cont

Massive firebombings on Japanese cities, no surrender

August 6, 1945 Little Boy dropped from B-29 bomber called Enola Gay at Hiroshima Killed 80,000 instantly

No unconditional surrender

August 9, Fat Man dropped on Nagasaki 40,000 killed

Post War

Germany divided into 4 zones US, GB, France,

and USSR US, GB, France

form West Germany

USSR forms East Germany Berlin is split by

Berlin Wall

Cont

The United Nations is formed An international

peace keeping organization

Churchill said that an “iron curtain had descended on the continent” Division of

Communist and Democracies