Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae...
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Transcript of Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae...
![Page 1: Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae –Threadlike filaments –Chains of cells can be separated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f215503460f94c39e6c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi
![Page 2: Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae –Threadlike filaments –Chains of cells can be separated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f215503460f94c39e6c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fungi characteristics • Heterotrophic
• External digestion
• Hyphae– Threadlike filaments– Chains of cells can be
separated by cross walls • pores
– Some fungi lack cross walls, and have many nuclei within large mass of cytoplasm
![Page 3: Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae –Threadlike filaments –Chains of cells can be separated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f215503460f94c39e6c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fungal structure
• Hyphae branch repeatedly to form mycelia
• Mushroom
• Fast growth – Longer but not
thicker
![Page 4: Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae –Threadlike filaments –Chains of cells can be separated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f215503460f94c39e6c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Fungal life cycle• Many species can
reproduce sexually and asexually
• Haploid spores transported by water or wind
• Sexual reproduction – 2 haploid mycelia of
different mating types grow towards each other and fuse
• Heterokaryotic (n + n)
![Page 5: Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae –Threadlike filaments –Chains of cells can be separated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f215503460f94c39e6c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fungal life cycle cont
• Asexual reproduction – Mold
• Produce spores on tips of specialized hyphae
– Yeast • Budding
![Page 6: Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae –Threadlike filaments –Chains of cells can be separated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f215503460f94c39e6c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Fungal groups
• Sexual reproductive structures often used to classify– Imperfect fungi – no
known sexual stage
• All but one group lack flagella – Evolved from
flagellated ancestor
![Page 7: Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae –Threadlike filaments –Chains of cells can be separated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f215503460f94c39e6c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Fungal groups cont
• Chytrids • Zygomycetes or zygote fungus • Glomeromycetes • Ascomycetes or sac fungus • Basidiomycetes or club fungus
![Page 8: Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae –Threadlike filaments –Chains of cells can be separated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f215503460f94c39e6c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chytrids
• Only fungi with flagellated spores
• Earliest line of fungi
• Lakes, ponds, soil
• Decomposers or parasitic
![Page 9: Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae –Threadlike filaments –Chains of cells can be separated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f215503460f94c39e6c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Zygomycetes • Fast growing molds
• Asexual reproduction when food is abundant; sexual when scarce
• Zygosporangium formed from fused mycelia – Tolerate dry/harsh
environment
![Page 10: Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae –Threadlike filaments –Chains of cells can be separated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f215503460f94c39e6c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Glomeromycetes
• Form distinct type of mycorrhizae
– Symbiotic relationship with plant roots
– Invade plant root and branch into treelike structures (arbuscles)
![Page 11: Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae –Threadlike filaments –Chains of cells can be separated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f215503460f94c39e6c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ascomycetes
• Saclike structures called asci produce spores – Sexual reproduction when
harsh environment
• Unicellular yeast, morels, cup fungus
• Lichen – Symbiotic relationship with
cyanobacteria or algae
![Page 12: Chapter 31 – Introduction to Fungi. Fungi characteristics Heterotrophic External digestion Hyphae –Threadlike filaments –Chains of cells can be separated.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f215503460f94c39e6c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Basidiomycetes
• Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungus / plant parasites rusts and smuts
• Club shaped, spore producing structure called basidium
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Parasitic fungi
• Corn smut
• Ergot
• Mycosis – Mild to systemic – Opportunistic
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Benefits of fungi • Mutualistic symbiotic relationships
• Essential decomposers – Organic matter, petroleum products, toxic chemicals
• Food products
• Medicinal value– Antibiotics (penicillin the first)
• Laboratory work