Chapter 31 Anti-Parkinson Agents. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson...
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Transcript of Chapter 31 Anti-Parkinson Agents. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson...
![Page 1: Chapter 31 Anti-Parkinson Agents. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 31 - 2 Parkinson’s.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ead5503460f94bb4019/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 31
Anti-Parkinson Agents
![Page 2: Chapter 31 Anti-Parkinson Agents. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 31 - 2 Parkinson’s.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ead5503460f94bb4019/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Parkinson’s Disease
A neurological disorder characterized by:
Muscle tremors Muscle rigidity Lack of coordination Drooling Shuffling gait Postural changes
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Parkinson’s Disease
Imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine levels in the brain
Levels of other neurological chemical decrease:
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Serotonin Norepinephrine
(continued)
![Page 4: Chapter 31 Anti-Parkinson Agents. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 31 - 2 Parkinson’s.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ead5503460f94bb4019/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Classes of Anti-Parkinson Agents
Dopaminergic agents Anticholinergic agents Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Levodopa
Dopaminergic agent Most effective drug treatment Acts peripherally Rapidly converts to dopamine Symptoms subside or disappear
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Levodopa
Therapeutic effects Therapeutic intensity varies Dosage dependent
Adverse effects Nausea and vomiting Orthostatic hypotension Cardiac arrhythmias
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Carbidopa/Levodopa (Sinemet)
Carbidopa prevents levodopa from being broken down in the peripheral circulation
Improves neurological-skeletal muscle activity
Combining these agents reduces the required Levodopa dose by 25%
Given in Carbidopa, 10 mg / Levodopa,100 mg dose
![Page 8: Chapter 31 Anti-Parkinson Agents. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 31 - 2 Parkinson’s.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ead5503460f94bb4019/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Amantadine (Symmetrel)
Treats viral disorders such as influenza Acts as an anti-Parkinson agent; it
exerts an additive effect on Levodopa Increases CNS dopamine concentration
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Anticholinergic Agents
Reduces excessive cholinergic brain activity
Example: trihexyphenidyl (Artane) Used for clients with minimal symptoms Adjunct with other agents
• Caution: narrow-angle glaucoma
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Anticholinergic Agents
Apomorphine (Apokyn) Morphine-like substance
Old, but new No analgesic or addictive qualities Increases dopamine activity
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Newest class of anti-Parkinson drug agents
Treats clients with history of poor response to levodopa
Sustains dopaminergic levels Brain remains stimulated
(continues)
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase
Inhibitors
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
31 - 12
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase
Inhibitors Adverse effects Liver failure Dyskinesia Orthostatic hypotension Dystonia Somnolence GI irritation
(continued)