Chapter 30
description
Transcript of Chapter 30
![Page 1: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 30
The Making of Industrial Society
![Page 2: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What are we learning?• 1st &. 2nd industrial revolution• Factors that led to industrialization (9 of
them)• Machines of industrialization• Labor of industrialization• Methods of industrialization• Mitigating the effects of industrialization
![Page 3: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What’s the difference?1st Industrial revolution
• 1712 - 1830
• Textiles & steam
• Learning the patent lesson
• Iron & Coal
• Both sides of the atlantic after America steals some technology
2nd Industrial Revolution
• 1875 - 1905
• Electric & Chemicals
• Communications• Telephone• Wireless
• Steel
• Flight
![Page 4: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Factors Leading to the rise of industrial
production
![Page 5: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Europe’s Location on the
Atlantic• What centers of trade/trade
patterns could be responsible for the locations that became industrialized by the 1850’s?
• How does proximity to shipping factor into industrialization?• Explain the correlation between
shipping and industrialization.
![Page 6: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Geographical distribution of
coal, iron, timber
Coal Mining in Great Britain 1800-191
![Page 7: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
European demographic changes
•Read your assigned text and prepare to explain to the class the following about your subject:• What was your issue like pre-Industrial
Revolution?• What happened during the Industrial
Revolution to change that?• What was your issue like post Industrial
Revolution?• How did the changes or continuities in your
issue change society as a whole?
![Page 8: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
urbanization
![Page 9: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Improved agricultural productivity
Here we go again! New World foods
• What foods are responsible for this amazing change in productivity?
• What technological innovations in the middle ages prepared the “soil” for this growth?
• What technological advances in the IR continued the revolution in productivity?
![Page 10: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Legal protection of private property
• Patent Laws• Laws protecting the
accumulation of wealth• Laws favoring mercantilist
practices
![Page 11: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Abundance of rivers and
canals• 1 canal barge = 100 mules • Grand Trunk Canal
![Page 12: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Access to foreign resources
![Page 13: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Accumulation of capital
• Think Downtown Abbey• Industry was a much faster
way to accumulate wealth than land or agriculture
![Page 14: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Checking for understanding
• On a separate piece of paper list the nine factors that led to industrialization in Europe and N. America.
• Under each factor give one evidence of the factor. (SEE EXAMPLE BELOW)• FACTOR: LOCATION• EVIDENCE: The port of Liverpool is directly on
the Atlantic ocean and made for easy transport of raw materials from around the world for production.
You will turn this in at the end of the lesson – make sure your name is on it!
![Page 15: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Engines of changeThe Development of Machines
![Page 16: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Flying shuttle• John Kay – 1733
• Accelerated the weaving process
![Page 17: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Spinning Jenny• 1760 – spun thread
from wool or cotton
![Page 18: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Mule• Samuel Crompton –
Made the spinning Jenny more efficient.
• By 1812 one spinner could produce as much yarn as 200 could prior to this invention when coupled with a Jenny.
![Page 19: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Water Frame• Richard Arkwright
• Drove two pairs of rollers moving at different speeds. First installed in a single building which had 300 employees.
• Horse power replaced by Watt’s steam engine in 1777.
• Cotton manufacturing increased 130 times between 1770-1841.
![Page 20: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cotton Gin• Cotton replaced wool,
comfortable, cheap, popular.• (US or India)
• Eli Whitney’s gin mechanically removed seeds from cotton• Increased demand for
cotton meant an increased demand for slaves 3 million + were brought to the US
![Page 21: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Steam engine• James Watts
• Patented in 1769
• Worked with Matthew Boulton ($)
![Page 22: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The power loom• Steam powered
• Edmund Cartwright
• Invented in 1785
![Page 23: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Steam Tractor• 1868
• Used for pulling loads from coal mines in Europe
• Used for agriculture in USA
• 1st gasoline powered John Froelich- Iowa
![Page 24: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Steam ship• John Fitch 1787 – first
patent
• Robert Fulton• 1807 Clermont
• First commercially viable steamship
![Page 25: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Steam locomotive• 1814 “Blucher”
• George Stephenson• Great Britain• He then proceeded to
build the first railways to go with his new locomotive
• Not the first to begin! Very competitive business!
![Page 26: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING #2
•Describe how competition and capitalism contributed to the productivity and sophistication of machines during the Industrial Revolution.
![Page 27: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITAL
• FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS are expanded• Stock markets• Insurance• Gold standard• Limited Liability
Corporations
![Page 28: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Fossil Fuels• The internal combustion
engine (1858 Jean Joseph Lenoir – France) made it possible to exploit vast new resources of energy stored in fossil fuels• This makes fossil fuels
valuable commodities• Who has them?• Who is going to want
them?• What possible outcomes
can you extrapolate?
![Page 29: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Labor of ChangeThe Development of The Factory System
![Page 30: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Labor moves to the city• Urbanization
• Factory towns
• Factory housing
• Population concentration
![Page 31: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Methods of changeThe Development of Industrial Methods
![Page 32: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
New methods • Interchangeable parts
• Centralization of production
• Large scale production methods
• Specialization of labor skills
![Page 33: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
More production requires…
• More raw materials, new markets, and more goods to sell in those markets.
• What major process is this going to lead to?
• More to come in chapter 33, stay tuned!
![Page 34: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Rapid development• The decline of
economically productive, agriculturally based economies.• Why? What would
cause agricultural economies to decline
• If agriculture is declining, how is population continuing to increase?
• What effect will industrialization have on agriculturally based economies?
![Page 35: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Mitigating the effects of Industrial capitalims
The reform movements
![Page 36: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
luddites• Protesting working
conditions• Limit hours• Higher wages• Opposing capitalist
exploitation
![Page 37: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
New Utopian ideasSocialism
• Utopian communities
• Created for the good of the workers – not for the accumulation of wealth
• Love, not coercion
• New Lanark (Robert Owen)• Kids go to school not
work
Marxism• Communist Manifesto
• Abolition of private property
• Radically egalitarian society
• Dictatorship of the proletariat
![Page 38: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Social Reformers• Government reforms
(England)• 1832 – voting rights• Prohibitions about
underground work• Regulation of child labor
• Government reforms (Germany)• Otto von Bismark
1880’s• Medical insurance,
unemployment, retirement
• Trade Unions
![Page 39: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Checking for Understanding #3
•How did the ideas of socialism, communism, labor unions, and reformers contribute to the lives of the average laborer during the Industrial Revolution?
![Page 40: Chapter 30](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568168af550346895ddf6dda/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Did you get it?• 1st &. 2nd industrial revolution• Factors that led to industrialization (9 of
them)• Machines of industrialization• Labor of industrialization• Methods of industrialization• Mitigating the effects of industrialization