Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations

The Tourism System 6th edition Kendall Hunt Publishing Company

Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations

Robert C Mill and Alastair M Morrison © 2013 1

Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and

Organizations

© 2013 Photos: Copyright - VisitScotland/Scottish Viewpoint

Copyright - VisitScotland/ScottishViewpoint

Contents Identifies the reasons for government involvement and

the roles of government in tourism. Describes the elements of a tourism policy model. Explains the roles of global, multi-country regional,

national, state, provincial and territorial, regional and local tourism organizations.






Purpose

Having learned about government involvement in tourism and tourism policy, students will be able to explain the roles of tourism organizations operating at different geographic levels throughout the world.



Learning Objective 1: Government Involvement in Tourism

Identify the reasons for government involvement and the roles of government in tourism.






Reasons for Government Involvement in Tourism 1. Political reasons 2. Environmental reasons 3. Economic reasons 4. Safety and security reasons



Government Roles in Tourism 1. Tourism coordination 2. Tourism policy-setting and tourism planning 3. Tourism legislation and regulation 4. Tourism infrastructure development 5. Tourism operations 6. Tourism development stimulation and control 7. Tourism marketing and research 8. Tourism training and education






Learning Objective 2: Tourism Policy Model

Describe the elements of a tourism policy model and how they are used to form a tourism policy for a destination.




Elements of a Tourism Policy Model 1. Destination area needs 2. Tourism goals 3. Constraints (external and internal) 4. Tourism objectives 5. Tourism policy 6. Tourism strategies and programs






Learning Objective 3: Global Tourism Organizations

Explain the roles of global tourism organizations, including the UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).



Geographical Groupings of Tourism Organizations 1. Global organizations 2. Multi-country regional organizations 3. National tourism organizations 4. State, provincial, and territorial tourism organizations 5. Regional tourism organizations 6. Local tourism organizations






Global Organizations 1. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)(Madrid) 2. International Civil Aviation Organization (Montreal) 3. International Air Transport Association (Montreal) 4. World Travel & Tourism Council (London, England)



Main Activities of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 1. Improving competitiveness 2. Promoting sustainable tourism development 3. Advancing tourism’s contribution to poverty reduction

and development 4. Fostering knowledge, education and capacity building 5. Building partnerships 6. Mainstreaming tourism

http://www.unwto.org/, 2013

http://www.unwto.org/






Program of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Competitiveness and Trade in Tourism Services Statutory Meetings (Conferences) Coordination in Destination Management Technical Cooperation and Services Education and Training Ethics and Social Dimensions of Tourism Information and Communications Knowledge Network Market Trends Risk and Crisis Management Statistics and Tourism Satellite Account Sustainable Development of Tourism Information Resources and Archives



Strategic Objectives of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for 2011-2013 1. Safety: Enhance global civil aviation safety. 2. Security: Enhance global aviation security. 3. Environmental protection and sustainable development of

air transport: Foster harmonized and economically viable development of international civil aviation that does not unduly harm the environment.

http://www.icao.int/Pages/Strategic-Objectives.aspx, 2013

http://www.icao.int/Pages/Strategic-Objectives.aspx








IATA Industry Priorities and Targets (at December 2012) 1. Safety: Improve global safety, especially in Africa. 2. Security: Improve security checkpoints. 3. Airline revenues: Manage airline revenues securely and efficiently. 4. Value chains: Re-balance the value chains, improve airline revenues, and

reduce costs. 5. Environment: Protect the industry’s ability to grow in a sustainable

manner. 6. Regulatory: Protect members from burdensome regulation. 7. Industry costs and customer service: Create value, reduce industry

costs, and improve customer service. http://www.iata.org/about/Pages/priorities.aspx, 2013

http://www.iata.org/about/Pages/priorities.aspx



Air Transport Action Group 1. Sustainable aviation biofuels 2. Sustainable development 3. Industry collaboration 4. Climate change 5. Social and economic benefits of aviation 6. Intermodality 7. Industry communications http://www.atag.org/our-activities/activities-overview.html, 2013

http://www.iata.org/about/Pages/priorities.aspx

http://www.atag.org/our-activities/activities-overview.html










Strategic Priorities of World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) 1. Freedom to Travel: Call on governments to adopt smarter

visa and border security policies to promote travel and tourism as driver of jobs and economic growth.

2. Policies for Growth: Lobby governments to implement policies which support the growth of travel and tourism through the creation of a competitive business environment

3. Tourism for Tomorrow: Develop plans for the future on developing human resources, optimizing relationships with host communities, protecting the environment, preserving tourism assets. http://www.wttc.org, 2013



Learning Objective 4: Multi-Country Regional Organizations Explain the roles of multi-country regional organizations.

http://www.wttc.org/






Multi-Country Regional Organizations 1. Organization for Economic Cooperation and

Development (OECD, Paris) 2. Organization of American States (OAS, Washington,

D.C.) 3. European Union and European Commission (EU & EC,

Brussels) 4. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC, Singapore) 5. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN,

Jakarta)



Multi-Country Regional Tourism Organizations

1. Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), Barbados 2. Confederación de Organizaciones Turísticas de la

América Latina (COTAL), Buenos Aires 3. European Travel Commission (ETC), Brussels 4. Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA), Bangkok 5. South Pacific Tourism Organization (SPTO), Suva






Roles of Multi-Country Regional Tourism Organizations 1. Fostering international cooperation in tourism 2. Reducing barriers to travel within the region 3. Conducting research on travel patterns and on issues

of mutual interest to the regional partners 4. Improving the quality of tourism in the region 5. Developing common standards in tourism 6. Sharing of information on tourism



Development Agencies and Banks (Examples) 1. World Bank 2. Inter-American Development Bank 3. Asian Development Bank

Some of these are Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and have specific policies and programs for tourism






Learning Objective 5: National Tourism Organizations Explain the roles of national tourism organizations.



National Tourism Organizations (Examples) Canadian Tourism Commission China National Tourism Administration Embratur, Brazil German National Tourism Board Singapore Tourism Board South African Tourism Tourism Australia Tourism Ireland Tourism New Zealand VisitBritain






Supply-Side Roles of National Tourism Organizations 1. Conducting inventories and assessments of the

destination mix 2. Coordinating the national tourism planning process 3. Establishing minimum standards for hotels,

attractions, tour operators, and tour guides 4. Operating training and education programs 5. Providing financial incentives



Demand-Side Roles of National Tourism Organizations 1. Facilitating inbound international travel 2. Conducting marketing research 3. Marketing inbound international travel 4. Representing the nation’s tourism in foreign countries






Learning Objective 6: The Roles of State, Provincial, and Territorial Tourism Organizations

Explain the roles of state, provincial, and territorial tourism organizations.



State, Provincial, and Territorial Tourism Organizations (Examples) Visit California (USA) Jiangsu Provincial Tourism Bureau (China) Kerala Department of Tourism (India) KwaZulu-Natal Tourism Authority (South Africa) Ontario Tourism Marketing Partnership Corporation Sabah Tourism Board (Malaysia) Tourism Queensland (Australia)






Roles of State, Provincial, and Territorial Tourism Organizations 1. Promoting domestic travel 2. Generating and fulfilling inquiries 3. Operating travel information or welcome centers 4. Organizing familiarization trips 5. Conducting marketing research 6. Encouraging tourism development 7. Offering training and education programs 8. Developing and promoting package tours 9. Offering cost-sharing programs



Learning Objective 7: Regional and Local Tourism Organizations Explain the roles of regional and local tourism organizations.






Regional and Local Tourism Organizations Algoma Kinniwabi Travel Association (Ontario) Barcelona Turisme (Spain) Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority Melbourne Convention & Visitors Bureau (Australia) Tourism Auckland (New Zealand) Tourism Cape Town (South Africa) Tourism South East (England)



Roles of Regional and Local Tourism Organizations 1. Promoting pleasure and meeting/convention travel 2. Conducting marketing research 3. Increasing the understanding of the benefits of

tourism to the community 4. Encouraging tourism development 5. Operating travel information centers 6. Operating membership programs




THE TOURISM SYSTEM

© 2013

Chapter Summary Highlights

Chapter 3

Photos: Copyright - VisitScotland/Scottish Viewpoint

Tourism policies are designed to guide the development of tourism in destination areas. Governments are involved in tourism for political, environmental, economic, and safety and

security reasons. Government roles in tourism include coordination, policy-setting and planning, legislation and

regulation, infrastructure development, operations, development stimulation and control, marketing and research, and training and education.

Global tourism organizations include UNWTO, ICAO, IATA, and WTTC. NTOs play a key role, as do tourism organizations at other geographic levels.

Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations

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