Chapter 3 The Structures of Music Tonality and Modality.
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Transcript of Chapter 3 The Structures of Music Tonality and Modality.
![Page 1: Chapter 3 The Structures of Music Tonality and Modality.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061610/5697bfa81a28abf838c99742/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 3The Structures of Music
Tonality and
Modality
![Page 2: Chapter 3 The Structures of Music Tonality and Modality.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061610/5697bfa81a28abf838c99742/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Key Terms
Tonality
Tonal music
Tonic
Modality
Modes
Major mode
Minor mode
Chromatic scale
Keys
Modulation
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Tonality
Musical center of gravity
Feeling of a “home” pitch around which other notes are arranged
A nearly universal phenomenon, found in music around the world
Atonality = the absence of tonality•Creates a wandering, unsettled quality•Used in some more contemporary styles
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Tonality
Tonic pitch:•“Home” pitch•First note of a scale•do in the do re mi fa sol la ti do scale•The most stable, fundamental pitch of a scale•The “at rest” note on which tonal melodies
nearly always end
In relation to tonic, other note of a scale may sound:•Close or remote, dissonant or consonant, or as
if they “lead” toward tonic
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Tonality
Cadences and tonalityComposers can create tension by moving away from tonic; resolution by returning
In the strongest cadences (authentic):• Melody ends on tonic• Accompanying chord progression ends on the tonic
chord
In weaker cadences (half):• Melody ends on other scale steps, often scale step 2• Chord progression ends on some other chord, often the
one built on scale step 5
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Modality
Major and minor scalesMany musical traditions use multiple scales, more than a hundred in some countries
Most Western music uses only two scale types: major mode and minor mode
do re mi fa sol la ti do is a major scale
Minor scale uses same pitches, but with la as tonic, not do
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Modality
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Major vs. Minor
Major and minor scales use different patterns of whole steps and half steps• Major scale begins with two half steps• Minor scale begins with a whole step and a half step• Major scale ends with a half step• Minor scale ends with a whole step
Scale steps 3, 6, and 7 are a half step lower in minor mode
Major scales tend to sound brighter
Minor scales tend to sound darker (sadder?)
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Major vs. Minor
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Major vs. Minor
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Keys
Major or minor scales can begin on any note on the keyboard•Every key is named for its tonic pitch •Thus we can have the key of F Major (major
scale beginning on F) or the key of C-sharp minor (minor scale beginning on C-sharp)
Scales in any key must follow these rules:•Every letter name must be used once•The correct pattern of whole steps and half
steps must be observed Sharps or flats are used to adjust scale steps
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Keys
Since there are twelve notes in the chromatic scale, it is possible to construct twelve major keys and twelve minor keys
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Modulation
Major and minor keys create a strong pull toward tonic
Composers can disrupt that pull by modulating, changing to a different key
Modulation not only changes to a new key, it creates a new tonal center!
Modulation can be used to create:•Mystery, excitement, disorientation, variety,
and so on
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Tonality Listening
Things to listen for:Tonality or atonality?
Authentic cadence or half cadence?
Major or minor mode?
Does it modulate?