Chapter 3 The Cell
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Transcript of Chapter 3 The Cell
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Chapter 3The Cell
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3.1Our understanding of the cell grew as
microscope quality improved.
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Cell TheoryMainly Schleiden, Schwann, VirchowAll organisms are made of cellsAll existing cells are produced by other cellsThe cell is the most basic unit of life.
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General Cell CharacteristicsTend to be microscopicEnclosed in a membraneFilled with cytoplasm
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Types of cellsProkaryotic
No nucleusNo membrane bound organellesLike bacteria
Eukaryotic NucleusMembrane bound organellesLike not bacteria
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3.2Cells have an internal structure
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Cytoskeleton Support and shapePosition and transport organellesStrength Assists in cell divisionCell movement
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NucleusStores genetic informationControl center of the cell
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Endoplasmic ReticulumTransportRough: has ribosomes for processing
proteinsSmooth: no ribosomes, process lipids and
carbohydrates
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RibosomesMade of rRNAForm proteins
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Golgi apparatusGolgi bodiesPackaging and shipping
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VesiclesMembrane bound sacksStorage
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Mitochondria Energy
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Vacuoles Like little warehousesStorage
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LysosomesWaste disposalDigest material
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CentriolesTubes in centrosomesHelp in mitosisForm cilia and flagella
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Plant cell partsChloroplasts: where photosynthesis occursHave a cell wall of cellulose for support
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3.3Cell membrane
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Functions Enclose cell like a fence doesControls passage of stuff like a fence does
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Structure Phospholipid bilayerProteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may be
imbedded in the membraneThe fluid mosaic model
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Selectively permeableLets some stuff in, keeps other stuff out.
Kinda like a fence does
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Receptors A substance can bind to its receptorCauses an action on the other side of the
membrane
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3.4Stuff can move across cell membranes
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Transport Passive: just happensActive: requires energy
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Passive transportDiffusion: stuff diffuses from regions of high
concentration to regions of low concentrationOsmosis: diffusion of water
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Three types of solutionsHypotonic:
Lower concentration Water moves out of cell
Hypertonic Higher concentration Water moves out of cell
Isotonic Same concentration No net movement of water
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Examples
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Facilitated diffusionSome molecules can only diffuse through
transport proteins.• Facilitated diffusion is diffusion
through transport proteins. • Revolving door
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3.5Some transport requires energy
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Active transportRequires energyGoes against a gradient
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TypesPumpsEndocytosis: takes material into the cell
Pinocytosis: cell drinkingPhagocytosis: cell eating
Exocytosis: expels material from the cell