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Transcript of Chapter 3 Suffixes Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights...
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Chapter 3Chapter 3SuffixesSuffixes
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Define new suffixes and review those Define new suffixes and review those presented in previous chapters.presented in previous chapters.
Gain practice in word analysis by using these Gain practice in word analysis by using these suffixes with combining forms to build and suffixes with combining forms to build and understand terms.understand terms.
Identify the functions of the different types of Identify the functions of the different types of blood cells in the body.blood cells in the body.
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SUFFIXES– Page 74 - 75SUFFIXES– Page 74 - 75
NOUN SUFFIXESNOUN SUFFIXES
-algia-algia pain (pain (Analgesic: pain med)
-cele-cele herniahernia
-centesis-centesis surgical puncture to remove surgical puncture to remove
fluidfluid
-coccus -coccus berry-shaped bacteriumberry-shaped bacterium
-cyte-cyte cellcell
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
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Terminology – page 74 -75Terminology – page 74 -75 Arthralgia – pain in a jointArthralgia – pain in a joint
Cystocele – hernia of the urinary bladderCystocele – hernia of the urinary bladder
Amniocentesis – surgical puncture of the amnionAmniocentesis – surgical puncture of the amnion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZcGpjyOXt0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZcGpjyOXt0 Thoracentesis- removal of fluid in pleural spaceThoracentesis- removal of fluid in pleural space
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1XR4AOi8q0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1XR4AOi8q0 Staphylococci – berry shaped bacteria in clustersStaphylococci – berry shaped bacteria in clusters Erythrocyte – red blood cellErythrocyte – red blood cell
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CystoceleCystocele
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causalgiasevere burning pain in a limb caused by injury to a peripheral nerve
cephalalgia headache
erythromelalgia
a disease caused by dilation of the peripheral blood vessels, associated with burning, redness of the skin, and pain
gastralgia pain in the stomach
mastalgiapain in the breast caused by congestion during lactation, or other causes
myalgia pain in a muscle or group of muscles
neuralgiaintense, typically intermittent pain along the course of a nerve, especially in the head or face
ostalgiaa pain associated with some abnormal condition in a bone
otalgia earache
prosopalgiastabbing pain in the face, also called trigeminal neuralgia
rachialgia pain in or due to the spineCopyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Analgesic (an means without), medications Analgesic (an means without), medications that are used to alleviate pain are termed that are used to alleviate pain are termed analgesicsanalgesics
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NOUN SUFFIXESNOUN SUFFIXES
-dynia-dynia painpain
-ectomy-ectomy excision, removalexcision, removal
-emia-emia blood conditionblood condition
-genesis-genesis condition of producing, formingcondition of producing, forming
-gram-gram recordrecord
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
SUFFIXES – page 75SUFFIXES – page 75
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Terminology – page 75Terminology – page 75 Pleurodynia – pain chest wall muscles Pleurodynia – pain chest wall muscles
aggravated by breathing.aggravated by breathing.
Laryngectomy – removal of the larynxLaryngectomy – removal of the larynx http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5qYFacfwUYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5qYFacfwUY
Ischemia – holding back of blood from an area Ischemia – holding back of blood from an area of the body (Reduced blood flow)of the body (Reduced blood flow) http://ebsco.smartimagebase.com/view-item?http://ebsco.smartimagebase.com/view-item?
ItemID=72619ItemID=72619 Carcinogenesis – condition of producing cancerCarcinogenesis – condition of producing cancer
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9B_4WIu7KQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9B_4WIu7KQ Electroencephalogram – Record of electricity in Electroencephalogram – Record of electricity in
the brainthe brainCopyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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NOUN SUFFIXESNOUN SUFFIXES
-graph-graph instrument for recordinginstrument for recording
-graphy-graphy process of recordingprocess of recording
-itis-itis inflammationinflammation
-logy -logy study ofstudy of
-lysis-lysis breakdown, destruction, breakdown, destruction, separationseparation
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
SUFFIXES – page 75SUFFIXES – page 75
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Terminology – page 75Terminology – page 75
Angiography – process of recording (x-ray Angiography – process of recording (x-ray image) of blood vesselsimage) of blood vessels http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EJLQ7fkzcchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EJLQ7fkzcc
Bronchitis – inflammation of the bronchiBronchitis – inflammation of the bronchi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u775bGjJazMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u775bGjJazM
Opthalmology – study of the eyeOpthalmology – study of the eye
Hemolysis – destruction of blood (red blood Hemolysis – destruction of blood (red blood cells)cells) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zv2c7dEQ5iUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zv2c7dEQ5iU
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NOUN SUFFIXESNOUN SUFFIXES
-malacia-malacia softeningsoftening
-megaly-megaly enlargementenlargement
-oma-oma tumor, mass, collection of tumor, mass, collection of
fluidfluid
-opsy-opsy to view (under a microscope)to view (under a microscope)
-osis-osis condition, usually abnormalcondition, usually abnormal
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
SUFFIXES – page 76SUFFIXES – page 76
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Terminology – page 76Terminology – page 76
Osteomalacia – softening of the bonesOsteomalacia – softening of the bones
Splenomegaly – enlargement of the spleenSplenomegaly – enlargement of the spleen
Hematoma – collection of blood (Bruise)Hematoma – collection of blood (Bruise)
Biopsy – to view life (tissue)Biopsy – to view life (tissue)
Necrosis – Death of cellsNecrosis – Death of cells
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NOUN SUFFIXESNOUN SUFFIXES
-pathy-pathy disease conditiondisease condition
-penia-penia deficiencydeficiency
-phobia-phobia fearfear
-plasia-plasia development, formation, growthdevelopment, formation, growth
-plasty-plasty surgical repairsurgical repair
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
SUFFIXES- page 76-77SUFFIXES- page 76-77
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Terminology page 76 -77 Terminology page 76 -77 Cardiomyopathy – disease of the heart muscleCardiomyopathy – disease of the heart muscle
Erythropenia – decreased red blood cellsErythropenia – decreased red blood cells Also reffered to as anemia (less literal meaning)Also reffered to as anemia (less literal meaning)
Acrophobia – fear of heightsAcrophobia – fear of heights
AchondroplasiaAchondroplasia
Angioplasty - Angioplasty -
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QUICK QUIZQUICK QUIZ::
1.1. Which term means fear of Which term means fear of marketplace?marketplace?
A.A. Acromegaly Acromegaly
B.B. Hydrophobia Hydrophobia
C.C. Acrophobia Acrophobia
D.D. Agoraphobia Agoraphobia
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AcromegalyAcromegaly
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NOUN SUFFIXESNOUN SUFFIXES
-ptosis-ptosis drooping, sagging, prolapsedrooping, sagging, prolapse
-sclerosis-sclerosis hardeninghardeninghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHE1ig4k64Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHE1ig4k64M
-scope-scope instrument for visual examinationinstrument for visual examination
-scopy-scopy process of visual examinationprocess of visual examination
-stasis-stasis stopping, controllingstopping, controlling
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
SUFFIXES – page 77SUFFIXES – page 77
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NOUN SUFFIXESNOUN SUFFIXES
-stomy-stomy opening to form a mouth (stoma)opening to form a mouth (stoma)
-therapy-therapy treatmenttreatment
-tomy-tomy incision, cutting intoincision, cutting into
-trophy-trophy development, nourishmentdevelopment, nourishment
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
SUFFIXES – page 77-78SUFFIXES – page 77-78
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SHORTER NOUN SUFFIXES SHORTER NOUN SUFFIXES
-er-er one whoone who
-ia-ia conditioncondition
-ist-ist specialistspecialist
-ole-ole little, smalllittle, small
--uleule little, smalllittle, small
-um, ium-um, ium structure, tissuestructure, tissue
-us-us structure, substancestructure, substance
-y-y condition, processcondition, process
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
SUFFIXES AND SUFFIXES AND TERMINOLOGY TERMINOLOGY
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ADJECTIVE SUFFIXESADJECTIVE SUFFIXES
-ac, iac-ac, iac pertaining topertaining to
-al-al pertaining topertaining to
-ar, ary-ar, ary pertaining topertaining to
-eal-eal pertaining topertaining to
-genic-genic pertaining to producing, produced by or inpertaining to producing, produced by or in
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
SUFFIXES AND SUFFIXES AND TERMINOLOGY TERMINOLOGY
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ADJECTIVE SUFFIXESADJECTIVE SUFFIXES
-ic, ical-ic, ical pertaining topertaining to
-oid-oid resemblingresembling
-ose-ose pertaining topertaining to, , full offull of
-ous-ous pertaining topertaining to
-tic-tic pertaining topertaining to
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
SUFFIXES AND SUFFIXES AND TERMINOLOGY TERMINOLOGY
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Build Terms with Suffixes and Build Terms with Suffixes and Combining Forms Combining Forms
Combining Forms +Combining Forms +
SuffixSuffix
arthr/itisarthr/itis
blephar/o/ptosisblephar/o/ptosis
isch/emiaisch/emia
oste/o/genicoste/o/genic
staphyl/o/coccistaphyl/o/cocci
MeaningMeaning
Inflammation of jointInflammation of joint
drooping eyeliddrooping eyelid
loss of normal blood flowloss of normal blood flow
produced by bone tissueproduced by bone tissue
berry-shaped bacteria that berry-shaped bacteria that grow in clustersgrow in clusters
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Blood Cell TypesBlood Cell Types
ErythrocytesErythrocytes
LeukocytesLeukocytes
ThrombocytesThrombocytes
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Blood Cell TypesBlood Cell Types
1. Erythrocytes1. Erythrocytes Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells Made in bone marrowMade in bone marrow Carry oxygen from lungs to all body Carry oxygen from lungs to all body
cellscells Hemoglobin: blood proteinHemoglobin: blood protein
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What is the purpose of hemoglobin?What is the purpose of hemoglobin?
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Blood Cell Types Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)(cont’d.)
2. Leukocytes2. Leukocytes White blood cellsWhite blood cells
Five different kinds of leukocytes, divided into Five different kinds of leukocytes, divided into two categoriestwo categories
GranulocytesGranulocytes Mononuclear leukocytesMononuclear leukocytes
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LeukocytesLeukocytes
An easy way to remember the names of the An easy way to remember the names of the five leukocytes is: five leukocytes is: NNever (neutrophil) ever (neutrophil) LLet et (lymphocyte) (lymphocyte) MMonkeys (monocyte) onkeys (monocyte) EEat at (eosinophil) (eosinophil) BBananas (basophil).ananas (basophil).
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Blood Cell Types Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)(cont’d.)
GranulocytesGranulocytes – three types – three types
Eosinophils – Increase in allergiesEosinophils – Increase in allergies
Basophils – Play role in inflammationBasophils – Play role in inflammation
Neutrophils – Important disease-fighting cellsNeutrophils – Important disease-fighting cells
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Blood Cell Types Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)(cont’d.)
Mononuclear LeukocytesMononuclear Leukocytes – two types – two types Lymphocytes – fight disease producing Lymphocytes – fight disease producing
antibodies that destroy foreign bodiesantibodies that destroy foreign bodies
Monocytes – Engulf and destroy cellular Monocytes – Engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophis have attacked foreign debris after neutrophis have attacked foreign cells.cells.
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Blood Cell Types Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)(cont’d.)
3. Thrombocytes3. Thrombocytes Also known as plateletsAlso known as platelets Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed
in the marrowin the marrow Necessary for blood clottingNecessary for blood clotting
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TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS
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TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS
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QUICK QUIZQUICK QUIZ::
2.2. Which type of blood cells are Which type of blood cells are necessary for clotting?necessary for clotting?
A.A. Erythrocytes Erythrocytes
B.B. Granulocytes Granulocytes
C.C. Monocytes Monocytes
D.D. Thrombocytes Thrombocytes
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Review: HERNIA page 82Review: HERNIA page 82
Protrusion of an organ through the cavity that Protrusion of an organ through the cavity that normally contains itnormally contains it
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3.3. A rectocele is… A rectocele is…
A.A. A herniation of the intestinesA herniation of the intestines
B.B. Protrusion of a portion of the Protrusion of a portion of the rectum towards the vaginal wallrectum towards the vaginal wall
C.C. A hiatal herniaA hiatal hernia
D.D. An omphaloceleAn omphalocele
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Hernia: Protrusion of Hernia: Protrusion of an organ through an an organ through an abnormal opening in abnormal opening in the muscle wall of the muscle wall of the cavity that the cavity that surrounds it.surrounds it.
RectoceleRectocele
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REVIEW: AMNIOCENTESISREVIEW: AMNIOCENTESIS
Withdrawal of the Withdrawal of the fluid that surrounds fluid that surrounds the embryo for the embryo for culture and culture and karyotypingkaryotyping
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REVIEW: REVIEW:
Streptococcus and StaphylococcusStreptococcus and Staphylococcus:: Bacteria that grow in chains or clustersBacteria that grow in chains or clusters
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ReviewReview
What is the difference between streptococcus What is the difference between streptococcus and staphylococcus?and staphylococcus?
What is an abscess?What is an abscess? What are the different types of hernias?What are the different types of hernias? When is an amniocentesis usually When is an amniocentesis usually
performed?performed?
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Review: Review: (cont’d.)(cont’d.)
Anemia:Anemia: Reduction in the number of Reduction in the number of erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the circulating bloodcirculating blood http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8-jx1dtg0Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8-jx1dtg0U
Ischemia:Ischemia: Loss of normal blood flow to a part Loss of normal blood flow to a part of the bodyof the body
Tonsillitis:Tonsillitis: Infected and inflamed tonsils Infected and inflamed tonsils (lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat)(lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat)
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What is this?What is this?
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IschemiaIschemia
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QUICK QUIZQUICK QUIZ::
4.4. Which term means Which term means inflammation of tonsils? inflammation of tonsils? (watch spelling!)(watch spelling!)
A.A. Tonsilitis Tonsilitis
B.B. Tonsillitis Tonsillitis
C.C. Tonsillectomy Tonsillectomy
D.D. Tonsilectomy Tonsilectomy
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REVIEW: REVIEW: (cont’d.)(cont’d.)
Acromegaly:Acromegaly: An endocrine disorder An endocrine disorder marked by excessive amount of growth marked by excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of pubertyhormone after the completion of puberty
Splenomegaly:Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen Enlargement of the spleen
Leukocytosis:Leukocytosis: An elevation in the numbers An elevation in the numbers of normal white blood cells in response to of normal white blood cells in response to an infectionan infection
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REVIEW: REVIEW: (cont’d.)(cont’d.)
Achondroplasia:Achondroplasia: A type of dwarfism A type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, a normal-sized characterized by short limbs, a normal-sized head and body, and normal intelligencehead and body, and normal intelligence
Blepharoptosis:Blepharoptosis: Drooping eyelids Drooping eyelids
Laparoscopy:Laparoscopy: Visual examination of the Visual examination of the abdomen using a laparoscopeabdomen using a laparoscope
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What is this?What is this?
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Laparoscope (page 87)Laparoscope (page 87)
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REVIEW (cont’d.)REVIEW (cont’d.)
Arteriole:Arteriole: Small arteries (arteries carry blood Small arteries (arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs)rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs)
Adenoids:Adenoids: Lymphatic tissue in the pharynx Lymphatic tissue in the pharynx near the nose and nasal passagesnear the nose and nasal passages
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What is this?What is this?
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PericardiumPericardium
peri-peri- cardi/ocardi/o -ium-ium Structure surrounding the heartStructure surrounding the heart
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What is this?What is this?
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BlepharoptosisBlepharoptosis
blephar/o: eyelidblephar/o: eyelid -ptosis: drooping, sagging, prolapse-ptosis: drooping, sagging, prolapse
silent psilent p
Sagging of an eyelidSagging of an eyelid CCaused by paralysisaused by paralysis
Or when eyelid muscles weakenOr when eyelid muscles weaken
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What is this?What is this?
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NecrosisNecrosis
necr/onecr/o -osis-osis Abnormal condition of death (of cells)Abnormal condition of death (of cells)
Occurs in response to disease or injuryOccurs in response to disease or injury
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What procedure is being performed What procedure is being performed here?here?
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ElectroencephalographyElectroencephalography
electr/oelectr/o encephal/oencephal/o -graphy: process of recording-graphy: process of recording Process of recording the electricity in the Process of recording the electricity in the
brainbrain What equipment is used?What equipment is used? What is produced?What is produced?
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ElectroencephalographElectroencephalograph
electr/oelectr/o encephal/oencephal/o -graph: instrument for recording-graph: instrument for recording Instrument for recording the electricity in Instrument for recording the electricity in
the brainthe brain
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ElectroencephalogramElectroencephalogram
electr/oelectr/o encephal/oencephal/o -gram-gram Record of the electricity in the brainRecord of the electricity in the brain
Variations in brain-wave activity correlate with Variations in brain-wave activity correlate with neurologic conditions, psychologic states, and neurologic conditions, psychologic states, and level of consciousnesslevel of consciousness
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What procedure is being performed What procedure is being performed here?here?
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ThoracentesisThoracentesis
thorac/othorac/o -centesis: surgical -centesis: surgical
puncture to remove fluidpuncture to remove fluid Surgical puncture to Surgical puncture to
remove fluid from the remove fluid from the chestchest thoracocentesisthoracocentesis
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QUICK QUIZQUICK QUIZ::
5.5. Which is the smallest of Which is the smallest of blood vessels?blood vessels?
A.A. Arteries Arteries
B.B. Venules Venules
C.C. Capillaries Capillaries
D.D. Arterioles Arterioles