Chapter 3 SHORT AND LONG TERM MEMORY. Anything in your conscious mind at any one moment Does not...
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Transcript of Chapter 3 SHORT AND LONG TERM MEMORY. Anything in your conscious mind at any one moment Does not...
Chapter 3
SHORT AND LONG TERM MEMORY
• Anything in your conscious mind at any one moment
• Does not necessarily involved paying close attention
• Repeating what someone said word for word
• Will not comprehend until you repeat it back
• Memory lasts as long as you hold it there
• Numerous strategies to improve short-term memory
SHORT TERM MEMORY
• Repetition of information
• Mentally or out loud
• Maintenance rehearsal
• Keeps info in short term
• Does not connect info to meaning
• Elaborative Rehearsal
• Transfer info to long term
• Think about meaning
• Connect to info already in storage
REHEARSAL
PRACTICING REHEARSAL
• 440-835-9471
• B H A N W O L K D
• Sheep, phone, book, shoe, card, chip, drum
• STM limited in duration and capacity
• Can hold 5-9 pieces of information
• Average is 7
• *Applies to unrelated items
• Chunking puts items into groups
• 1 group = 1 piece
• 7 pieces of grouped items = greater memory
• Phone numbers
• 4408675309 vs 440-867-5309
CHUNKING
CHUNKING PRACTICE
CHUNKING PRACTICE
MNEMONIC DEVICES
• Named after Greek goddess of memory Mnymosyne
• Unusual associations made to material in order to aid memory
• Not always logical
• Replace rote memorization
• If you can already make sense of the task at hand, don’t use a mnemonic device
• Must be used from the beginning when learning info
• King Henry Died Drinking Chocolate Milk
• All Cows Eat Grass / FACE
• Roy G. Biv
• 30 Days Hath September, April, June, and November
MNEMONIC EXAMPLES
• In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue
• Never Eat Soggy Waffles
• Please Excused My Dear Aunt Sally
• Sensory storage filters out the unnecessary
• Short-term memory holds onto the knowledge needed right away
• Information stored for future use• Representations of countless
facts, experiences, and sensations
• Holds onto ideas and themes
LONG TERM MEMORY
Semantic Memory
• Ideas and concepts not drawn from personal experience
• Ex: Concept of a cat
Explicit Memory*
• Consciously recall and use as needed
• Ex: Knowledge
• Explicit memory used when taking a test
TYPES OF MEMORY
Implicit Memory*• No conscious recall • Ex: Skills• Lose ability to describe tasks
Episodic Memory• Memory of our own life• Ex: What you did this
morning• Time of occurrence is
important
• Form of implicit memory
• Information is learned
• Cues given later to aid in recall
• Ex: Fill in the blank question
• First letter of the answer included
PRIMING
• Long term memory organized into schemas
• Brain is a filing cabinet with many drawers and each drawer has many folders
• Way we mentally represent the world
SCHEMAS - REVISITED
• Little girl sees a horse
• Horse is tall, has four legs, and a tail
• Sees a cow for the first time and calls it a horse
• Cow is tall, has four legs, and tail
• Modify existing schema for a horse and add new one for a cow
• Same little girl sees a miniature horse and calls it a dog
• Dogs are small, have four legs, and a tail
• Parents explain that it is actually a very small horse
• Modifies existing schema for horses to remember that they can be tall or short
EXAMPLES OF SCHEMAS
• Existing schemas can inhibit learning
• Prevents people from seeing the world as it really is
• No new info taken in
• Interpret situations incorrectly
• Come up with alternate explanations of events that challenge pre-existing beliefs
PREJUDICE