Chapter 3 Settling the Northern Colonies
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Transcript of Chapter 3 Settling the Northern Colonies
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Chapter 3Settling the Northern Colonies
AP U.S. History
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The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism
• Catholic Church/Pope• Leo – raising money, selling• Indulgences – payments to reduce/cancel sin• Martin Luther – started the Protestant
Reformation• Belief of Bible? Source of God’s word• 95 Thesis – 1517 – statements on abuses of
church
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• John Calvin – conversion experience – intense identifiable personal experience leads to a sanctified life
• King Henry 8th – church? Made himself head of the church, led to some wanting total reform in church
• Edward “Bloody” Mary Elizabeth Protestant Catholic Protestant
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The Pilgrims End their Pilgrimage at Plymouth
• Separatists – went to? Holland Left there b/c? Children too Dutch
• Charter – VA Company of London• 1620 – New England• Mayflower Compact – agreement to form a government and submit to the will of the majority• First Winter – 44 of 102 survived• Get help from – Squanto, Samoset. Next winter – better• William Bradford – Governor 30 times
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The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth
• Non-separatists – sought to change the church from within
• “City on a Hill” – agreement to build a holy society that would be a model to everyone
• John Winthrop – 1st Governor• Economy based on? Fur trading, fishing,
shipbuilding
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Building the Bay Colony
• Franchise – adult males who belonged to the church
• Government – male property owners• Who had real power? Religious leaders
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Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth
• Quakers – persecution with fines, floggings, and banishments• Anne Hutchison – sharp in theology,
predestination, brought to trial for heresy. Banished, went to RI
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• Roger Williams – wanted clean break from church of England. Wanted Indians compensated for land. Banished
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The Rhode Island Sewer/New England Spreads Out
• Offered complete freedom of? Religion!! Even for Jews and Catholics. No oaths, no compulsory attendance, no taxes to support state church.
• Hartford – CT – river where land was fertile• Thomas Hooker – Fundamental Orders of Conn. –
gave power to many people.• New Haven Colony – Puritans wanting a closer
church/state relationship. Merged with CT• New Hampshire – separated from MA
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Puritans vs. Indians
• Little resistance at first – diseases• Pequot War – 1637 – English set fire to
villages and shot Pequots• King Phillips War – Metacom hit frontier
settlements (52 towns), hundreds killed. Metacom captured and killed.
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Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence
• New England Confederation – 4 colonies together for defense from Indians, French, and Dutch.
• Colonies did not like … - Ma ignored royal orders• Crown – gave CT a sea-to-sea charter, revoked MA’s
charter
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• Dominion of New England – New England, NY, NJ. Bolster colonial defense. Enforce the English Navigation Laws – restrict trade with other countries
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• Edmund Andros – Head of Dominion. Very harsh – supported the Catholic Church, no town meetings, heavy taxes
• Glorious Revolution – William and Mary (daughter of James II) took the throne. Colonists chased Andros out!
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• Salutary Neglect – Navigation Acts were weakly enforced.
**** Colonies were more prosperous when left alone****
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Old Netherlands at New Netherlands
• Henry Hudson – English but sailed for the Dutch – Hudson River
• New Netherlands – multi-ethnic, rare, money, Iroquois
• New Amsterdam – New York City
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Friction with… /Dutch Residues…
• Dutch allies with Iroquois• New Sweden – Peter Stuyvesant• Charles II – New York, Proprietary, Royal
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Penn’s Holy Experiment
• Quakers – Religious Society of Friends• Characteristics – no taxes to church, no paid
clergy, spoke in church when moved, kept hats on, “thee,” “thou,” no oaths, refused military service
• Practiced religious tolerance, …rich mix of ethnic groups
• Exported – grain and other foodstuffs
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Questions
• 1. Compare and contrast the New England and middle colonies in terms of motives for founding, religious and social composition, and political development.
• 2. What efforts were made to strengthen English control over the colonies in the 17th century, and why did they generally fail?