Chapter 3, Section 2

Looking Inside Cells

Organelles Small structures within the cell that carry out specific functions

Think of the cell as a factory!

Inside the Cell

• Cell wall

• Cell membrane

• In plant cells only• Helps protect & support the cell• Made of non-living cellulose

• All plant & animal cells have one• The outside boundary that

separates a cell from its environment

• Controls what substances come into and go out of the cell

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondria

• Directs all of the cell’s activities, including reproduction

• “headquarters”

• Includes a gel-like fluid in which many different organelles are found

• A network of passage ways that carries materials from one part of the cell to another

• “carriers”

• Most of the cell’s energy is produced within these rod-shaped organelles

• “energy”

Ribosomes

Golgi bodies

• These small structures function as factories to produce proteins

• May be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or float freely in the cytoplasm

• “protein”

• They receive materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and send them to other parts of the cell

• They also release materials outside of the cell

• “transport”

Vacuole

Lysosomes

Chloroplasts

• Mostly found in plant cells, although some in animal cells

• Stores water, food, waste, and other materials

• “storage”

• (in animals cells only) contain chemicals that break down food particles & worn out cell parts

• “clean up”

• (in plant cells only) capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell through photosynthesis

Click here to go online https://www.PHSchool.comWeb code cep-3012 (Active Art- cell parts)

Table Talk: Tell your partner what gives plants their green color.

Table Talk: Plant cells differ from animal cells in 4 ways. What are they?

Animal cells have lysosomes; plant cells do not. Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not. Plant cells have chloroplasts.

The Nucleus • This is the cell’s control center

• Directs all cell activities• Parts of the nucleus:

– The nuclear envelope protects the nucleus, and has pores in it

– Chromatin contains genetic material (the instructions for directing the cell)

– The nucleolus is where ribosomes are made

Table Talk: If the cell was a factory? What “role” or what kind of worker would the nucleus be?

Cell diversity The variety of structure in cells reflects differences in cell functions

Red blood cell

Nerve cell

Skin cellMuscle cells

See BrainPop “Cell Structures” end