Chapter 3 section 1 and part of section 2...silt and is emptied into the Med. Sea Silt: a mixture of...
Transcript of Chapter 3 section 1 and part of section 2...silt and is emptied into the Med. Sea Silt: a mixture of...
Chapter 3 section 1 and part of section
2
Explain how often and when the Nile flooded
Describe the route of the Nile river
List some technology the Egyptians used to
adapt to the annual flooding of the Nile
List ways the Nile was both beneficial and
disastrous to the Egyptian civilization
Explain how understanding the flooding of
the Nile helped Egyptian civilization thrive
and last for thousands of years
In some areas of Egypt, the annual rainfall
was less than one inch. What would a river
such as the Nile mean to the people living
around it?
Located in Africa
Main water source: Nile river
Known for: pyramids, Pharaohs,
hieroglyphics, and much more
An ideal place for civilizations in
northeastern Africa
Civilization depended on agriculture and the
Nile provided water for crops to grow
Surrounded by hot and sandy deserts
Nile river was a source of life
Longest river in the world – 4000 miles
Flows through a delta: a triangular shaped area of soil at the mouth of a river that looks like fingers spread out
Water flows from south the north and carries silt and is emptied into the Med. Sea
Silt: a mixture of soil and small rocks
The soil is then deposited near the mouth of the river
Irrigated land about 5 miles away on both sides
Pathway from the Med. Sea to Egypt = trade with other countries
The Nile overflowed often because of heavy
rains
People who lived near it would plant seeds
after the floods and have a harvest in the
late summer
They called this areas of harvest “black
land” because it was very fertile
Heavy rains and overflowed from June-
October
How would the vast deserts that surround
Egypt be helpful to the Egyptians?
Wheat and barley were the most important crops in ancient Egypt
Papyrus was a vegetable that was used to make stems of paper (in book page 80)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cD_Yopn5c70
How did they make paper? Cutting strip from a Papyrus plant and pressing
them together.
When the strips dried, the produced a smooth surface
Used for keeping records
The Nile was also used for the transportation of goods
However the makeup of the Nile made traveling on it difficult
There are six cataracts or waterfalls along the Nile- they also break up the flow
These water falls made it IMPOSSIBLE for people to travel on the Nile without having to take their boat out or carry it.
Though the Nile did bring a lot of life to the
Egyptians it also caused destruction as well
Heavy rains caused too much water to
overflow
Crops would be destroyed and people lost
their lives
The Egyptians would stock up their food
supply in case the Nile overflowed
Create a rap about why the Nile was so
important to the people of Egypt and in turn
to everyone
Why was it important, how did it help with
civilization and the development of new
ideas
Groups of 4
The Egyptians were polytheistic – the belief
in many gods
Similar to the Mesopotamians
Main god: Amon-Ra or Ra was represented by
the sun
The Egyptians predicted the patterns of the
Nile based on the sun and moon
The moons appearance changed slightly each
evening and they made an inference based
on the moon and sun in relation to the Nile
King of Upper Egypt: wore a white crown
King of Lower Egypt: wore a red crown
King Menes: King of upper Egypt who invaded
Lower Egypt and wore a double crown. He
united Egypt as legend goes. Invaded from the
South to the north
First dynasty of Egypt named Memphis the
Capital city of Egypt
Dynasty: passing of the throne through family
members
Priest and advisor who began keeping records
Why is that important
Divided the kings into different dynasties
Passing the kingship form father to son
Said to be related to Amon-Ra, the sun god
Worshipped the Pharaoh as a god
Most pharaohs saw themselves as protectors
of the people and so tried to rule fairly.
Also considered the king
Like the Sumerians, the Egyptians created a
form of writing
Hieroglyphics: Egyptian writing
Also known as sacred carvings
Represented objects or ideas AND sound
They were carved into clay, stone and
written on paper
The priests and advisors to the king kept the
records
Scribes traveled to kingdoms and recorded
information
How much wheat was harvested
How many taxes people had to pay to the
government
Archaeologist did not know how to read the hieroglyphics they found on Egyptian buildings and artifacts for a long time
In 1709 a.d. French engineers dug up a stone tablet that had been carved in 196 a.d.
Was decoded by Jean Champollion.
Historians divided the early history of Egypt
into the 3 periods.
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
During the Old Kingdom, Egyptians started
building pyramids as temples
The old kingdom is often called the Pyramid
age
Great Pyramids at Giza and the Great Sphinx
were built during the old kingdom
Thebes is made the capital of Egypt
Trade and exploration flourish
Expeditions are sent south to search for gold
Traders traveled to Palestine, Syria, and
Crete in the Mediterranean
The Middle Kingdom ends with Egypt being
conquered by a group called the Hyksos of
western Asia
Empire reached from the Euphrates in
Mesopotamia to Southern Africa
Referred to as the Egyptian Empire
Egyptians learned to used new weapons and
retook Egypt