Chapter 3 POPULATION - Office of the Chief Town...

POPULATION District Spatial Plan - Palakkad1010

Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala


Chapter 3POPULATION

The population parameter serves as the base inall the development endeavors. One of the objectivesin all sort of planning is providing maximum fairfacilities to the maximum number of people. Hence, itis imperative to analyze the population by studying thefollowing parameters- size of population, its growthrate, population density, population concentrationpattern, migration details and population projectionwhich are described in this chapter.

3.1. POPULATION SIZE

Total population of Palakkad district as per 2001census is 2617482, which is 8.22% of the total populationof the state and the district is placed in the 6th positionin population size.

A comparison of total population of Palakkaddistrict with that of surrounding districts is shown infig-3.1.

Fig 3.1: Population size – Comparison with surrounding

districts

The fig. shows that compared to the surroundingdistricts, Palakkad is placed in the 3rd position in popula-tion. The population size of Malappuram and Thrissur dis-tricts are higher than that of Palakkad district.

The decadal variation in the size of populationof the district, over the last 3 decades is shown table3.1 and Fig 3.2.

Table 3.1 Decadal variation of Population

Fig 3.2: Population size – temporal variation

From the figure, it is clear that though there is an

increase of about 3 Lakhs population per decade from

1971 to 1991, the increase in population over the last

decade is only 2.3 lakhs, indicating a decline in the

population growth rate of the district.

Year Population 1971 1685347 1981 2044399 1991 2382235 2001 2617482

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District Spatial Plan - Palakkad POPULATION

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

1111

3.1.1 RELIGION WISE POPULATION

Among the total population Hindu is thepredominant religion in the district. Nearly 70 percent(table 3.2) of the population belong to the Hinducommunity. All the sub castes of Hindu community arewell represented in the district. The Vellodis andNedungadis, two sections of the Nair community,peculiar to Malabar area, are represented in this districtalso. Sections of the Hindu community, peculiar to thisdistrict are Muthuvan, Mannadiar, Guptan and Tharakan.

The Muslim community is the second largest,forming 26.88 percent of the population. A particularsection of the Muslim community whose mother tongueis Tamil, are known as Ravuthars. These people camehere as traders and soldiers. They belong to the Hanafisect of Islam. Most of them reside in Alathur, Chittur,and Palakkad taluks. The way of life of this particularsection is much influenced by the Tamil culture,especially in marriage customs and food habits.

The numerical strength of the Christiancommunity in the district according to 1971 census is45,426. Almost all sections of the Christian communityare represented. A good number of Christians havemoved to the hilly tracts of the district in search of landand livelyhood.

Table 3.2 Religion wise population

Source: Economics and Statistics Dept

Fig 3.3 Population_ religion wise, Kerala state andPalakkad District

Tabel 3.3 Population and growth rate ofpopulation of Districts of Kerala.

3.2 GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION

The population in districts of Kerala during 1991and 2001 as well as the decadal growth rates during1981-1991 and 1991-2001 is given in table 3.3.

State % to Total

District % to Total

Hindu 17883449 56.16 1802766 68.88

Muslim 7863842 24.7 703596 26.88

Christian 6057427 19.02 109249 4.17

Others 36656 1.12 1871 0.07

Total 31841374 100 2617482 100.

The distribution of the growth rate of populationamong the districts of Kerala in 1981- 1991 & 1991- 2001is shown in fig. 3.4 & 3.5.It can be seen that there isdecline in the population growth rate of all the districtsduring 1991-2001 decade when compared to theprevious decade (1998-1991). The northern districts ofKasargode, Kannur, Wayanad, Kozhikkode, Malappuramand Palakkad show higher population growth rateduring 81-91 and 91-2001.




Fig.3.4: District wise distribution of population growthrate1981-1999

Fig.3.6: Population growth rate of Palakkad in comparison with surrounding districts (1991&2001)

Decadal growth rate of population of Palakkad

district is 9.86% as per 2001 census which is higher

thanthe average growth rate of 9.42% of the state.

Fig.3.5: District wise distribution of population growth rate1991-2001

Among the surrounding districts of Palakkad, only

Malappuram shows a higher growth rate of 17.22% (fig-

3.6).

Source :Census 1991 Source: Census 2001



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The temporal variation of the population growth

rate of the district and its comparison with the state

figures are shown in fig-3.7. The fig. shows that, the

population growth rate of the district as well as that of

the state is declining.

The spatial distribution of the growth rate of

population in Palakkad district during last 3 decades is

shown in fig. 3.8, 3.9 and 3.10.

From the fig. it is clear that the growth rate of

population of all the LSGs of the district are declining

from 1981 to 2001.

Fig 3.7: Population growth rate- Temporal variation - PalakkadDistrict and the state.

Fig. 3.8 Palakkad District - Population Growth Rate- LSG wise

Distribution 1971-81

Fig. 3.9 Palakkad District - Population Growth Rate- LSG wise

Distribution 1981-91

Fig 3.10 Palakkad District Growth rate of population_LSG wisedistribution 1991-2001

During 1971-81, the LSGs in the high land regionof the District (especially Agali, Thachampara,Nelliyampathy and Pudur show 40-80% of growth rate,where as LSGs in the central region show a population




The spatial distribution of the growth rate ofpopulation during 1991 shows a contradictory decliningtrend. In 1981 Agali had a population growth rate >80%,which was the highest rate in 3 decades. But in 1991,Agali showed a growth rate of only 3% which is one of

the least growth rate. It is to be noted that the

population growth rate of the north and south regions

show a further decline from 1991 to 2001 and isthelowest in the District now. North- Western and westernregions show a high growth rate (especially in Pudur_>15%) during the decade.

The spatial distribution of the growth rate ofpopulation during 2001 shows a definite spatial pattern.The population growth rate of Southern high land ofthe district shows the lowest growth rate of 3%. Themid land region shows a growth rate of 9-12%, whereas the central region shows a population growth rate of

12-15%. The growth rate of population in the LSGs

adjacent to the urban centres (especially Palakkad

Municipality,) is higher (Figure 3.11) indicating possible

out migration from the urban areas. This may be due tomigrants from other parts of the district to the urbancentre gets settled in the peripheral areas.

It can be seen that the population growth rate

pattern of the Gramapanchayats in the Western, North

Western and some LSG’s in the central region (Alanellur,

Ko tt o p p ad a m , Ku m a ra m p u t h u r, M a n n a r k kad ,

Karakkurissi, Thachanattukara, Nellaya, Kulukkallur,

Vilayur, Koppam, Muthuthala, Ongallur, Mannur,

Akathethara, Pirayiri, Marutharode and Kodumbu

Grama Panchayats) of the district remain in the range

of >15% from 1981 to 2001. This may be due to the fact

Fig 3.11 LSGs with highest growth rate of population

3.3. POPULATION DENSITY

Gross population Density and net population

density of the district are analyzed. Gross population

density is calculated by dividing the total population

with the geographical area, where as the net population

density is calculated by dividing the total population

with the net area which is calculated by subtracting the

un-inhabitable areas like water body, forest, paddy,

rubber plantation etc from the geographical area.

3.3.1.GROSS POPULATION DENSITY

A comparison of the gross population density

among the districts in the state in 1991&2001 is shown

in fig. 3.12

growth rate of 10-20% only. The LSGs in eastern andsouthern parts of the District shows a growth rate of40-60% and 20-40% respectively. The high populationgrowth rate in high land and northern regions may bedue to inmigration to this region. The least populationgrowth rate reported in Vellinezhi, Sreekrishnapuram,Karimba and Pottassery, which are LSG’s located in themid land region of the district.

that these areas depend on agriculture for a long time

and there is no a sudden decline in the economic base

of these LSG’s. These LSG’s are mostly in the midland

region of the district. Besides they are mostly along the

major transportation corridors of the district and hence

possess the advantage of fairly good connectivity.



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It can be seen that except in the southerndistricts, the gross population density increases during1991-2001.The coastal districts show higher grosspopulation density in 1991 as well as in 2001. The grosspopulation density in the 2 southern districts,Trivandrum, Alappuzha and Northern district ofKozhikode are the maximum.

The average gross population density of Palakkaddistrict is 584pp.sq.km, which is lower than the stateaverage of 819pp.sq.km.The comparison of thepopulation density with the surrounding districts isshown in fig.3.13.

The gross population density of Palakkad is lessthan those of neighbouring districts of Malappuram,and Thrissur.

Fig 3.12 District wise distribution of population density 1991-2001

The LSGs wise distribution of the gross

population density of Palakkad district is shown in

Figure 3.14. The gross population density of the existing

census urban areas are the highest (in the range of 1200-

5000 pp Sq km) where as the population density of LSGs

in the middle region is in the range of 600-1200 pp Sq

km. Population density of LSGs in the North eastern

and south Eastern hill region is less than 600 pp Sq km.

Eighteen Gramapanchayats in the North easternand south eastern high land region falls within the lowestdensity range group with a minimum of 15 PP Sq km (inNelliyampathy Gramapanchayat). Whereas 14 LSGsincluding 4 Municipalities of the district are in thehighest population density range with a maximum of4916 pp Sq km in Palakkad Municipality. Majority of LSGs




(62nos) falls within the population density range of 600-1200 pp Sq km. (only 94 LSGs are quoted here, based on2001 census; since Thenkara Panchayat was formed after2001) . Based on the range of population density, LSGsof the district can be grouped into four categories asshown in Table 3.4.

Fig 3.13 Gross population density of Palakkad District -Comparison with surrounding districts

Fig 3.14 Distribution of Gross population density _ LSG wise

Table 3.4 Grouping of LSGs based on the rangeof gross population density.

Sl.No. Name of LSGs

Range of Population density-(ppn/sqkm)

1 Palakkad (M)

>1200

2 Chittur-Thathamangalam (M) 3 Pirayiri 4 Puthunagaram 5 Marutharode 6 Pattambi 7 Ottappalam (M) 8 Thiruvegapura 9 Koduvayur

10 Shoranur (M) 11 Alathur 12 Puducode 13 Puthuppariyaram 14 Kappur 15 Ongallur

600-1200

16 Parudur 17 Nellaya 18 Vilayur 19 Chalissery 20 Vallapuzha 21 Kulukkallur 22 Thrithala 23 Cherpulacherry 24 Akathethara

25 Pattithara 26 Kannadi 27 Parli 28 Anakkara 29 Muthuthala 30 Ananganadi 31 Kottayi 32 Koppam 33 Mannur 34 Nagalassery 35 Lakkidi-Perur 36 Mathur 37 Melarcode 38 Vadavannur 39 Nemmara 40 Thrikkadeeri 41 Peruvemba 42 Thenkurissi 43 Thirumittacode 44 Kavasseri 45 Vadakkancheri 46 Kuzhalmannam 47 Mundur 48 Erimayur



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3.3.2 NET POPULATION DENSITY

The average net population density of the districtis calculated as 1766 persons/square km. The spatialdistribution of the net population density is show infigure 3.15.

Fig 3.15 Distribution of net population density (2001 census)_ LSG wise

3.4 SEX RATIO

The sex ratio of the state is the highest in Indiain both rural and urban areas. The districtwise sex ratioin the state during 1991 & 2001 are shown in Fig.3.16.Sex ratio of Palakkad district is 1068, which is higherthan the state average of 1058 and is higher than thatof the nearby district of Malappuram (Fig. 3.17).

Highest population density (> 3000 pp /sq.k.m)is in Palakkad municipality and surrounding LSGs,Chittur-Thathamangalam municipality, MannarkkadPanchayat (which was classified as municipality in 1991census). Lowest net population density is seen in Agali,Parudur and Nelliyampathy grama panchayats in thehigh land region (<600 pp/sq.k.m).

Sl.No. Name of LSGI

Range of Population density-(ppn/sqkm)

49 Mankara 600-1200 50 Karakurissi

51 Vaniyamkulam 52 Kongad 53 Kannambra 54 Mannarkad 55 Kodumba 56 Pattanchery 57 Alanallur 58 Nalleppilly 59 Pallassana 60 Polpully 61 Kumaramputhur 62 Elappully 63 Chalavara 64 Peringottukurissi 65 Tarur 66 Kadampazhipuram 67 Ambalapara 68 Thachanattukara 69 Ayiloor 70 Kozhinjampara 71 Sreekrishnapuram 72 Kuthannur 73 Karimpuzha 74 Vellinezhi 75 Pookkottukavu 76 Keralassery 77 Kollengode

<600

78 Elavancherry 79 Vandazhi 80 Vadakarapathy 81 Kanjirampuzha 82 Muthalamada 83 Kottoppadam 84 Perumatty 85 Eruthempathy 86 Thachampara 87 Pudussery 88 Karimba 89 Kizhakkencheri 90 Agali 91 Pudur 92 Malampuzha 93 Sholayur 94 Nelliyampathy




1036 1035

10621051

1003

975

1000

1085

1061 1053

1027

966

1049

1026

10581070

10941079

1025

993

1017

1092

1068 1063 1058

1000

1090

1047

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

Tvm Klm Pta Alp Kot Idk Ekm Tsr Pkd Mlp Koz Wyd Knr Kas

District wise Sex Ratio - 1991 & 2001

1991 2001

Fig.3.16.District sex ratio, 1991 & 2001Fig.3.17 Sex ratio

Fig 3.18 variation in sex ratio

A higher value of sex ratio may mean that thereis out migration of male (for Jobs etc) population fromthe district.

The sex ratio of urban and rural areas of thedistrict is given in Fig. 3.19 . Urban areas show a lowervalue of sex ratio compared to the rural areas.

Fig 3.19 Urban Rural Sex ratio

3.5 POPULATION CONCENTRATION PATTERN

The population concentration pattern is derived

by calculating the cumulative population after

arranging the LSGs in the descending order of net

residential density (total population/habitable area

obtained by subtracting the area of water bodies,

forest, paddy and other un-inhabitable areas from the

total area). The population concentration pattern in

1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001 are shown in Figures 3.20 (a),3.20 (b), 3.20 (c), 3.20 (d) respectively.

In 1971, 1/3rd of the population of the district

was concentrated in the mid land area of the district and

it was distributed in 26 LSGs, especially in Municipalities

and surrounding Panchayats such as Akathethara, Parali,

Pirayiri, Mathur, Ananganadi, Thrithala etc. ½ of the

cumulative population is distributed in 43 LSGs such as

Mankara, Paruthur, Muthuthala, Pattithara, Mannur,Kollengode etc. Whereas 2/3rd of population isconcentrated in 60 LSGs.

During 1981, 1/3rd population was distributedin 26 LSGs, mainly in the central & western portion of

the district. 1/2 of the cumulative population was

distributed in 43 LSGs, like Alanellur, Mannarkkad,

Akathethara etc. 2/3rd of cumulative population was

concentrated in 60 LSGs of the district. Theconcentration pattern was almost similar to that in 1971.



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In 1991, 1/3rd, 1/2 and 2/3rd population wasconcentrated in 27, 44, and 60 LSGs respectively. TheseLSGs are mainly in the mid land areas of the district.

In 2001, 1/3rd of population concentration isdistributed in 28 LSGs including Palakkad Municipalityand surrounding Panchayats. 1/2 of the population isdistributed in 43 LSGs. 2/3rd of population is distributedin 60 LSGs.

Fig.3.20(e)depicts the distribution of theprojected population In 2021. 1/3rd of the projectedcumulative population is distributed in 28 LSGs,especially in the surrounding Panchayats of PalakkadMunicipality. 1/2 of the projected cumulativepopulation is distributed in 43 LSGs, like Kottoppadam,Kottayi, Nellaya, Thrithala etc. 2/3rd of the projectedcumulative population is distributed in 60 LSGs.

Fig:3.20.a Population Concentration Pattern 1971

3.6. MIGRATION DETAILS

Migration is an unconventional form ofdevelopment. Migration from Kerala to the other states

in India and to countries outside has now become so

rampant that its impact is felt in every aspect of life in

the state. The data collected through the socio economic

survey of all the LSGs of the district is to be analyzed to

assess the migration pattern of population of the

district.

Fig 3.20 b: Population Concentration Pattern 1981

Fig 3.20 c: Population Concentration Pattern 1991




Fig 3.20 d: Population Concentration Pattern 2001

A. Decreasing rate method:

The population growth rate of 2011 & 2021 are

calculated assuming that the same percentage of

decrease in population growth prevails as that of 2001

for the succeeding two decades. Based on the

population growth rate calculated, the population of

the District is projected for 2011 and 2021 and the same

is shown in table 3.5

B. Apportionment method:

In the apportionment method the ratio of theDistrict population to the State population is found outand the same is projected to the next two decadesassuming the change in the ratio during 2001 -2011 and

3.7. POPULATION PROJECTION (TREND BASED)

The population projection for 2011 and 2021 of

the district and all the LSGs are made assuming that

same trend in the population growth continues. The

population is projected by two methods-Decreasing

rate method and Apportionment method and average

of the two is taken to arrive at the population figures in

2011&2021.

Table 3.5: Projected District Population –Decreasing rate method

Year Total

population

Population

Growth rate

% Decrease in

Population

Growth rate

1971 1,685,347

1981 2,044,399 21.30

1991 2,382,235 16.52 -22.43

2001 2,617,482 9.88 -40.24

2011 2,771,944 5.90 -40.24

2021 2,869,696 3.53 -40.24

Fig 3.20 e: Population Concentration Pattern 2021



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The projected total population by the twomethods differ slightly. The average of these two istaken as the population figures of Palakkad District.This is shown in table 3.7

Table 3.7 Final Projected Population figures ofthe District

Year

Total

population as

per decrease

rate method

Total population

as per

apportionment

method

Average

population

figures

2011 2,771,944 2,791,261 2,781,603

2021 2,869,696 2,917,103 2,893,399

So it can be concluded that the total populationof Palakkad District will be 2,781,603 and 2,893,399 by2011 and 2021 respectively.

3.8 INFERENCE

The population density of Palakkad district(584pp sq.KM) is lower than the state average of 819ppsq.KM. When comparing with the surrounding districts,population density of Palakkad is less than those of

Kozhikode, Malappuram, and Thrissur districts. Growth

rate of population is significantly declining for the last

three decades and hence it can be presumed that there

won’t be much increase in the gross population density

of the district in future if the present trend continues.

The population concentration pattern and LSGs wise

distribution of the gross population density shows that

majority of the total population of the district is

concentrated in the western part of the district and

midland region adjacent to the western side.

It can be presumed that though the population

growth rate is declining, majority of the additional

future population will be distributed among those LSGs

which show the highest population concentration at

present. It is estimated that the total population of the

district increases by about 2 lakh in the coming 10 years

and from there it increases by less than 1.5 lakh in the

succeeding 10 years (by 2021) with a growth rate of 7.3

during 2001-2011 and 5.1 during 2011-2021.

2011-2021 is same as that during 2001-2011.In order tofind out the projected population of the district in 2011and 2021, the projected population of the State duringthe same years are needed. The details of populationprojection of the state is given in Annexu 3. Theprojected population of Palakkad district throughapportionment method is given in table 3.6.

Table 3.6 Projected district Population-Apportionment method

Year

Total population Ratio of District population to Sate Population

Change in the ratio Kerala

Palakkad Dist

X y y/x 1971 21347375 1,685,347 0.0789 1981 25453680 2,044,399 0.0803 0.001370 1991 29098518 2,382,235 0.0819 0.001550 2001 31841374 2,617,482 0.0822 0.000336 2011 33817196 2,791,261 0.0825 0.000336 2021 35198589 2,917,103 0.0829 0.000336

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