Chapter 3 Part 1- The Organization of Humanity. Spaceship Earth The term spaceship earth is used to...
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Transcript of Chapter 3 Part 1- The Organization of Humanity. Spaceship Earth The term spaceship earth is used to...
The Earth as Humanity’s Home
Chapter 3Part 1- The Organization of
Humanity
Spaceship Earth The term spaceship earth is used to signify
the finiteness (limited) of earth’s resources
Late Cenozoic Ice Age- last great ice age that ended 10,000 years ago
Global temperatures fell and rebounded repeatedly, causing polar ice caps to expand and retract
Glaciers changed the landscape & humans and animals migrated to warmer latitudes influencing humanities dispersal across the planet
Holocene epoch- the most recent 12,000 years; the warm phase that followed the latest advance of the ice
This time is know as an interglaciationDuring this time the earth changed as never
before But keep in mind that as humanity & its
activities expands, nature recedes
Plant Domestication Process began in the Holocene Carl Sauer suggested it began in
southeastern Asia He believes it started with the cultivation of
root crops Planned cultivation of seed plants is a more
complex process that is believed to have developed in more than one area at different times
Most believe it first happened in southwestern Asia in the Fertile Crescent (area between the Tigris & Euphrates rivers)….Started the first Agricultural Revolution
Animal Domestication Took place during same time period,
Holocene Ex. Goats in Zagros Mountains, sheep in
Turkey
Early Settlements Plant & animal domestication allowed
humans to live in stable, permanent settlements for the first time in human history
First settlements began to appear in an area near Southwest Asia
With these new settlements a social stratification developed
Society moved to a system of classes based on wealth, power, influence, etc
With this social ladder, competition developed & people rose above others & villages rose above other villages in their power
This started the transition from villages to cities
Early Cities & States Cities in the Fertile Crescent became centers
of political power, economic strength & religious dominance
Babylon was one of the largest & most powerful