Chapter 3 MIGRATION Key Issues 2, 3, and 4
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Transcript of Chapter 3 MIGRATION Key Issues 2, 3, and 4
Chapter 3 MIGRATION Key Issues 2, 3, and 4
CLICK TO WATCH! Key Issue 2 Where DoPeople MigrateWithin aCountry?
Center of Population Gravity Recent U.S. Interregional Trends
Thinking Like A Geographer
Use ESPN to identify the main push and pull factors in this next
group of RLEs. Russia: Interregional Migration in
Soviet policies encouraged eastward and northward migration
Governments decision to locate new factories near resource- rich
land Offered some economic incentives to away Europeanregion Did
not work well, and ended with the collapse ofthe USSR Russia
Population Density Interregional Migration in Canada
Canada: Shares a similar east to west interregional migration
pattern with the U.S. Three westernmost provinces are destinations
for interregional migrants Interregional Migration in China
China: Nearly 100million people haveemigrated from ruralinterior to
large urbanareas along east coastwhere manufacturingis prevalent
Interregional Migration in Brazil
Government movedits capital from Rio DeJaneiro to Braslia (600miles
from AtlanticCoast) to encouragemigration of Atlanticcoast
residents tomove to the interior. This is called aforward capital.
Intraregional Migration: U.S.
Migration between cities, suburbs, andnonmetropolitan areas in 2010
Counterurbanization A new migration trend in MDCs during the late
20th Cwhen rural areas were characterized by net in-migration Is
most prevalent in places rich with natural amenities-environmental
and cultural pull factors Rocky Mountain States Thinking Like A
Geographer
USA What factors explain there a rapid decline in
migrationratessince the 1990s? Key Issue 3 Why Do PeopleMigrate?
Push Pull Factors Push factor motivate people
to move out of their present location Pull factors motivate people
to move into a new location Both push and pull factors play a role
in human migration. Three Types of Push-Pull
We can identify major kinds of push and pullfactors: Economic-
usually #1 reason Political Environmental Economic Push and Pull
Factors
Most voluntary migrants are pushed AND pulled for economic reasons
The relative attractiveness of a region can shift with economic
changebut migration has slowed since 2008 recession. Migrant
Workers in Europe
Guest workers emigrate mainly from Eastern Europe and North Africa
(LDs) to work in the wealthier countries of Western Europe (MDs)
Migrant Workers in Asia
Asia is both a SOURCE and a DESTINATION for migrant workers China
40,000,000 live and work in other countries Is a destination for
poor workers from surrounding countries Still has MUCH MORE
internal than international migration SW Asia Oil Jobs pay more
Workers treated very poorly Political Push and Pull Factors
United Nations recognizes groups of forced political migrants
refugees have been forced to migrate to avoid a potential threat
tolife/cannot return for fear of persecution internally displaced
persons (IDP) are similar to refugees, but have notmigrated across
an international border asylum seekers have migrated to another
country in hope of being recognized as refugees Turn and Talk Let
Your Ideas Explode
Think about recent political instability- what regions of the
worldare migration hot spots and why? Map It! Watch with a purpose
what vocabulary do you hear?
RLE: A Migrants Story CLICK TO WATCH! Watch with a purpose what
vocabulary do you hear? Refugees: Sources and Destinations
Major source and destination areas of both international and
internal refugees Environmental Push and Pull Factors
Environmental Pull Factors Seasides Warm Climates Lifestyle choices
Environmental Push Factors Water: most common environmental threat
Floods/Droughts Mountains Key Issue 4 Why Do MigrantsFace
Obstacles? Intervening Obstacles
Migrants cannot not always go to their desired destination They may
be blocked by an intervening obstacle In the past, intervening
obstacles were primarily environmental- mountains, deserts, large
bodies of water BUT Todays migrant faces intervening obstacles
created by government and politics U.S. Quota Laws In 1990, the
global quota was raised to 700,000 with no more than 7 percent from
one country, but there are many qualifications and exceptions can
alter the limit.states-immigration-system-works-fact-sheet Who Gets
In? Since more seek admission to the U.S. than ispermitted by the
quotas, preferences are showntoward: Family Reunification (about of
immigrants) Skilled Workers (about of immigrants) and may set up
chain migration Diversity (few immigrants- because their sending
country historically has sent very few migrants) Brain Drain
Sending countriesalleged preference forskilled workerscontributes
to braindrain- a term for thedisproportionateamount of
highlyskilled and intelligentcitizens migrating awayfrom sending
countries Chinas Wealthiest Are Leaving
SOurcehttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/fleeing-the-people-s-paradise-successful-chinese-emigrating-to-west-in-droves-a
html Undocumented Immigration to the United States
People who cannot legally enter the United States are now
immigrating illegally- 58% are from Mexico Census Bureauestimates 7
million undocumented immigrants are in the U.S. (other estimates
are as high as 20 million!) More than a million persons are caught
annually trying to cross the southern U.S. border Half of the
undocumented residents legally enter the country as students or
tourists and then remain after they are supposed to leave RLE:
Mexican Immigration
Mexican migration matches themigration transition and distance-
decay theories U.S. border states are the primary destination Most
immigrants originate not from Mexicos northern states but from
interior states Much of the migration is seasonal farm work
Characteristics of Mexican Migrants
Ravenstein noted that most long-distance migrants have
historicallybeen male or young adults ratherthan families BUT since
the 1990s the genderpattern has reversed, and Mexicanwomen now
constitute about 55%of U.S. immigration 40% young adults, 15%
children Arizona Bus STation A Matter of Perspective
How do YOU frame the issue? What bias do you bring to the table?
How do the terms unauthorized immigrant, undocumented immigrant,
and illegal alien reflect the bias of the speaker/writer? A Matter
of Perspective
View from the U.S. recognizes motives that compel unauthorized
immigrants to enter illegally for better jobs, to reunite family,
and to have a better way of life but not all welcome immigrants
View from Mexico residents of northern Mexico wish for compassion
to be shown to unauthorized immigrants residents of southern Mexico
are less tolerant because of number of unauthorized immigrants
entering Mexico from Guatemala Not A New Issue Many U.S. Citizens
Support/Believe
Increased Border Patrols Workplace Initiatives A Path to
Citizenship Allowing law enforcement officials to verify the legal
status of anyone (but we fear racial profiling) Unauthorized
immigration is a federal level issue Immigration is a complicated
issue Migration Flows in Europe Opponents of European
Immigration
Do not support population growth that is fueled by immigration from
other regions of the world Fear is that the host countrys culture
will be lost because immigrants adhere to different religions,
speak different languages, and practice different cultural habits
Hostility to immigrants has become a central plank of some
political parties in many European countries Immigrants blamed for
crime, unemployment rates, and high welfare costs Europeans as
Emigrants- Cultural Diffusion
Europe was the source of most of the worlds emigrants, during the
nineteenth century and European culture was spread throughout the
world: Indo-European languages are now spoken by half of the world
Christianity has the worlds largest number of adherents Political
structures and ideals used as a model European art, music,
literature, philosophy, and ethics have diffused throughout the
world Europeans strongly identify with EMIGRATION, but have a mixed
perspective on IMMIGRATION Quiz Yourself! Next Folk and Popular
Culture
Start Reading!