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Transcript of Chapter 3 Matter. Section 3.1 Matter Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights...
![Page 1: Chapter 3 Matter. Section 3.1 Matter Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Anything occupying space and having mass. Matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da85503460f94a948bd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 3
Matter
![Page 2: Chapter 3 Matter. Section 3.1 Matter Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Anything occupying space and having mass. Matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da85503460f94a948bd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Section 3.1
Matter
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• Anything occupying space and having mass.
• Matter exists in three states.
Matter
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Section 3.1
Matter
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The Three States of Water
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Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
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• The characteristics of matter that can be changed without changing its composition.
• Characteristics that are directly observable.
Physical Properties
![Page 5: Chapter 3 Matter. Section 3.1 Matter Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Anything occupying space and having mass. Matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da85503460f94a948bd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
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• A substance’s ability to form new substances.• The characteristics that determine how the
composition of matter changes as a result of contact with other matter or the influence of energy.
Chemical Properties
![Page 6: Chapter 3 Matter. Section 3.1 Matter Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Anything occupying space and having mass. Matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da85503460f94a948bd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
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• Change in the form of a substance, not in its chemical composition.
Physical Change
![Page 7: Chapter 3 Matter. Section 3.1 Matter Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Anything occupying space and having mass. Matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da85503460f94a948bd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
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Three States of Water
![Page 8: Chapter 3 Matter. Section 3.1 Matter Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Anything occupying space and having mass. Matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da85503460f94a948bd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
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• A given substance becomes a new substance or substances with different properties and different composition.
Chemical Change
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Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
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Electrolysis of Water
![Page 10: Chapter 3 Matter. Section 3.1 Matter Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Anything occupying space and having mass. Matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da85503460f94a948bd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
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• Water decomposes to hydrogen and oxygen gases.
Electrolysis of Water
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Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
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Concept Check
How many of the following are examples of a chemical change?
Pulverizing (crushing) rock salt Burning of wood Dissolving of sugar in water Melting a popsicle on a warm summer day
![Page 12: Chapter 3 Matter. Section 3.1 Matter Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Anything occupying space and having mass. Matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da85503460f94a948bd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Section 3.2
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
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1. Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical property.
a. Ethyl alcohol boils at 78oC
b. Sugar ferments to form ethyl alcohol
c. Salt is stable at room temperature, it does not decompose
d. 36 g of salt will dissolve in 100 g of water
2. Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical change.
a. Sugar fermenting to form ethyl alcohol
b. Dissolving of sugar in water
c. Iron metal melting
d. Iron combining with oxygen to form rust
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Section 3.3
Elements and Compounds
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• A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical methods.
Element
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Section 3.3
Elements and Compounds
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• A substance composed of a given combination of elements that can be broken down into those elements by chemical methods.
Compound
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Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
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• Always have the same composition.• Either elements or compounds.
Pure Substances
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Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
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• Have variable composition.• Can be separated into two or more pure
substances: elements and/or compounds.
Mixtures
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Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
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![Page 18: Chapter 3 Matter. Section 3.1 Matter Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Anything occupying space and having mass. Matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da85503460f94a948bd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
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• A solution. • Having visibly indistinguishable parts.• Does not vary in composition from one region
to another.
Homogeneous Mixture
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Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
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• Having visibly distinguishable parts.• Contains regions that have different properties
from those of other regions.
Heterogeneous Mixture
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Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
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![Page 21: Chapter 3 Matter. Section 3.1 Matter Return to TOC Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Anything occupying space and having mass. Matter.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649da85503460f94a948bd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Section 3.4
Mixtures and Pure Substances
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Concept Check
Classify each of the following as a pure substance (compound or element) or mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous).
1. Pure water
2. Gasoline
3. Jar of jelly beans
4. Soil
5. Copper metal
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Section 3.5
Separation of Mixtures
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• Mixtures can be separated based on different physical properties of the components.
EvaporationVolatility
ChromatographyAdherence to a surface
FiltrationState of matter
(solid/liquid/gas)
DistillationBoiling point
TechniqueDifferent Physical Property
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Section 3.5
Separation of Mixtures
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Distillation of a Solution Consisting of Salt Dissolved in Water
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Section 3.5
Separation of Mixtures
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• No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled.
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Section 3.5
Separation of Mixtures
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Filtration
• Separates a liquid from a solid.
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Section 3.5
Separation of Mixtures
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The Organization of Matter
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Section 3.5
Separation of Mixtures
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Summary of Topics: Chapter 3
• States of matter• Chemical and physical properties and changes • Classification of matter• pure substances (compounds & elements) • mixtures (homogeneous & heterogeneous)• Separation methods