CHAPTER-3 MATERIALS AND METHODSshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/9751/6/06_chapter...
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INTRODUCTION
32
CHAPTER-3
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present thesis deals with the topic “PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ONTHE
NATURAL HISTORY OFTURTLES AND TORTOISESIN NORTHERN HARYANA”.
In this vary context, eleven Districts of Northern Haryana viz. (i) Panchkula (ii) Ambala (iii)
Yamunanagar (iv) Kurukshetra (v) Kaithal (vi) Karnal and (vii) Panipat (viii) Jind (ix) Fatehabad
(X) Hisar and (Xi) Sirsa were selected for investigations. The state of Haryana is located in the
North-Western part of India. (Fig.3.1) Its geographical position, lies between 270 37’ to 30
0 35’
latitude and 740 28’ to 77
0 36’ longitude. (Fig.3.1). Haryana was carved out of the Indian state of
Punjab on 1st November 1966. The river Yamuna flows on the Eastern boundary of the state. The
Shivalik mountain range flanks the state on its north; the state of Himachal Pradesh is also on its
northern side. On the north western side, it is flanked by the state of Punjab. At the Southern
side, the state is flanked by the Aravalli Hills and the desert of Rajasthan. On the Eastern side,
Uttar Pradesh is the neighboring state. It is pertinent to mention that National capital i.e. New
Delhi is surrounded by Haryana state by three sides (Fig.3.1).
Haryana has a proud history going back to the Vedic Age. The State was the home of the
legendary Bharata dynasty, which has given the name Bharat to India. Haryana finds mention in
the great epic of Mahabharata. Kurukshetra, the place of the epic battle between the Kauravas
and the Pandavas, is situated in Haryana. The State continued to play a leading part in the history
of India till the advent of the Muslims and the rise of Delhi as the imperial capital of India.
Thereafter, Haryana functioned as an adjunct to Delhi and practically remained anonymous till
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33
the First War of India's Independence in 1857. When the rebellion was crushed and the British
administration was re-established, the Nawabs of Jhajjar and Bahadurgarh, Raja of Ballabgarh
and Rao Tula Ram of Rewari of the Haryana region were deprived of their territories. Their
territories were either merged with the British territories or handed over to the rulers of Patiala,
Nabha and Jind. Haryana thus became a part of the Punjab province. With the reorganisation of
Punjab on 1 November 1966, Haryana was made into a full-fledged State. The altitude of
Haryana varies between 700 feet to 3600 ft above the sea level. Climate of Haryana is similar to
those other states of India lying in the Northern plain. It is very hot in summer (with temperature
going upto a peak of 480 Celsius) and cold in winters (with temperature coming down to lowest
of 00Celsius). The hottest months are May and June and the coldest being December and
January. The rainfall varies from 213mm in South-west to 1400 mm in North-East. The Annual
mean temperature varies between 22.50C – 25
0C.
The major part of Haryana terrain is characteristics of plains with some hills in Panchkula
in the North and trails of Shivalik hills in Mahendergarh, Gurgaon and Faridabad in the South. The
entire state is predominantly intense agriculture oriented with a small patch of natural forest in the
shape of Kalesar forest in Yamuna Nagar district.
3.1. STUDY SITES
It is crucial to mention that eleven Districts of Northern Haryana were selected for the
observations of Fresh water turtles in Northern Haryana viz. (i) Panchkula (ii) Ambala (iii)
Yamunanagar (iv) Kurukshetra (v) Kaithal (vi) Karnal and (vii) Panipat (viii) Jind (ix) Fatehabad
(X) Hisar and (Xi) Sirsa were selected for investigations. The topography, climate, rain fall
pattern and agriculture practices in these seven selected districts are more or less similar to those
INTRODUCTION
34
found in any part of Haryana. Yet Panchkula district is little unique in the sense that, it has got
distinct hilly terrain, in the form of Morni hills covered with rich greenery (Fig.3.4).
The typical structure, location and prevalence of a rural Village pond in Haryana can be
precisely described as follow:-
All the ponds spotted in the seven districts were juxtaposed with the outer boundary of the
village. These ponds are irregular in shape. All these ponds are rain fed. Due to scarcity of land
in any given village owing to intensive agricultural activities, cow dung cakes are littered in a
very massive way, all around the periphery of any rural ponds. All these ponds are perennial and
are therefore six to ten feet deep. It is also pertinent to mention that all these ponds were put to
multiple uses by the villagers including cattle bathing, as a swimming pool for children, washing
ghats for laundering cloths, for organization of annual festivals and MELAS etc.
Precise account about the eleven districts along with the selected villages for present studies is
given below:-
3.1.1 PANCHKULA DISTRICT
Panchkula was formed as the 17th
district of Haryana on 15th
August, 1995. It comprises
of two sub division and two Tehsils viz. Panchkula and Kalka. It has got four block viz. (1)
Barwala (2) Morni (3) Pinjore (4) Raipur Rani. The total area of the district is 898 sq. km and the
total population is 469210, out of which, 257380 are males and 211830 are females. Panchkula is
surrounded by Himachal Pradesh in the north and north-east, Ambala district in the east,
Kurukshetra district in the south and by Punjab and Union Territory of Chandigarh in the west.
Panchkula is a planned city in Panchkula District, Haryana, India. It is a satellite city of the
Union Territory of Chandigarh. The prestigious Chandimandir Cantonment Headquarters of the
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Indian Western Command, is also located in Panchkula city. There are five towns in the district
named Panchkula, Barwala Pinjore, Kalka and Raipur Rani. The only Hill station in Haryana
called Morni is also in this District. T
It has got 149 villages in all the four Blocks. The prominent village Ponds in each block
considered for studies are shown in table 3.1.
3.1.2 AMBALA DISTRICT
Ambala lies on the North-Eastern Edge of Haryana 27-39’’-45’ N Latitude and 74-33’’ to 76-
36’’-52’ E longitude. It is bounded by the district Yamunanagar to the South East, Kurukshetra district
in south while in its west Patiala and Ropar districts of Punjab and Chandigarh (UT) are situated.
Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh bounds the district in its North East. The height from the sea
level is 900 feet. The total Area of Ambala district 1569 sq.km. As of 2011 India census, Ambala had
a population of 11,36,784, constitute 6,40,044 of Males the population and 5,32,740 females. Ambala
has an average literacy rate of 82.9% with 88.5% of the males and 76.6% of females literate. 11% of
the population is under 6 years of age.It is famous for its big army cantonment, air force base and a
very busy railway junction It has got six blocks viz. (1) Ambala city (2) Ambala Cantt. (3) Barara (4)
Naraingarh (5) Shazadpur (6) Saha. There are a total of 714 villages in Ambala district. The
Prominent ponds in each block considered for study are shown in table 3.2.
3.1.3 YAMUNANAGAR DISTRICT
Yamunanagar was formed as a new district of Haryana on 16th
October, 1989. The River
Yamuna forms its eastern boundary with the state of Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal. The district
also bordered by Himachal Pradesh and the districts of Karnal, Kurukshetra and Ambala.The
total Area of Yamunanagar district is 1756 sq.km. Yamuna Nagar had a population of 1,214,162
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. Males constitute 53.27% of the population and females 46.73%. Yamuna nagar has an average
literacy rate of 78.90 %, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85.10 %, and
female literacy is 72.00 %. (As per 2011 Census). In Yamuna Nagar, 143,238 of the population
is under 6 years of age. There are 655 villages and 10 towns in this district. It has got six Blocks
(1) Sadaura (2) Radaur (3) Chhachhrauli (4) Bilaspur (5) Jagadhari (6) Mustafabad. The
prominent ponds in each block considered for study are shown in table 3.3.
3.1.4 KURUKSHETRA DISTRICT:-
Kurukshetra town is situated at a distance of 160 kilometer north of Delhi on the
national highway-NH I. The total area of Kurukshetra district is 1530 square kilometers and its
population is 8, 28,120. Kurukshetra district lies between latitude 29052’ to 30
012’ and longitude
76026’ to 77
004’ in the north-eastern part of the state. Kurukshetra is a place of great historical
and religious importance. It is revered all over the country for its sacred associations. It was here
that the battle of Mahabharata was fought and Lord Krishna preached his philosophy of Karma
as enshrined in the Bhagwad Geeta, to Arjuna at Jyotisar. In the very first verse of Bhagwad
Geeta, Kurukshetra is described as Dharamkshetra i.e. ‘Region of righteousness. There are about
360 tirthas of religious and Historic importance. There are five blocks viz. (1) Thanesar (2)
Shahbad (3) Ladwa (4) Babain (5) Pehowa in Kurukshetra district. It has got a total of 419
villages. The Prominent Ponds in each block considered for study are shown in table 3.4.
3.1.5 KAITHAL DISTRICT
The total Area of Kaithal district is 2389 sq. km. and its population is 945631. It has got 6 Blocks
viz. (1) Ghula at cheeka (2) Kaithal (3) Kalayat (4) Pundri (5) Rajound (6) Siwan. Kaithal came
to existence as district of Haryana in 1989. Kaithal district is situated in the North- West of the
INTRODUCTION
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state. Its North-West boundaries which include Guhla- Cheeka is attached to Punjab State. It has
Kurukshetra in North and Nissing, Assandh area of Karnal district. Kaithal is attached to Jind in
South and to Karnal in East. Myths say that Kaithal was established by Lord Yudhistra during
Mahabharta era. Hanuman, the head of Lord Rama’s ‘wanar Sena’ is supposed to born in
Kaithal. The famous ‘Anjani Ka Tilla’ in the name of Hanuman’s mother is also situated in
Kaithal the historical monuments as the cultural heritage reflect its ancient prosperity. Kaithal
District possesses rich cultural and historical heritage and surrounded by seven ponds and eight
gates. Kaithal has been a famous market of Uttar Pradesh since ancient times.
Kaithal is located at 29°48′N 76°23′E29.8°N 76.38°E. It has an average elevation of 220 metres
(721 feet). This city is situated on National Highway NH 65, connecting the state capital
Chandigarh to Hissar, and has a rail connection to Kurukshetra and Narwana which further goes
to Jind (local trains only). The Prominent ponds in each blocks considered for study are shown in
table 3.5.
3.1.6 KARNAL DISTRICT
Karnal was founded by the Kauravas around the time of the Mahabharata for king Karna, so
called the “City of Danvir Karna”. It is at Highway NHI, also called GT Road. It is at a distance
of 126 kilometers from Chandigarh. The Karnal district including Panipat lies between 290
09’50” and 29050 north Latitude and 76
031’15” and 77
012’45” east longitude. Its height from
mean sea level is around 240 meters. Karnal is surrounded by Kurukshetra district on its north-
west, and Jind and Kaithal district on its west, Panipat district on its south and Uttar Pradesh on
its east. It has an area of 2538 square kilometers and its Population is 1274843. It has got 6
Blocks viz. (1) Assand (2) Karnal (3) Nilokheri (4) Indri (5) Nissang at chirao (6) Gharounda.
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The Prominent ponds in each block considered for study are shown in table 3.6. The district is a
part of the Ganges–Indus (Indo-Gangetic) plains and has a well spread network of western
Yamuna canal. Its geographical area has been divided in to three agro climatic regions, Khadar,
Bhangar and Nardak belt. Khadar starts from Indri-Karnal road one mile away from Karnal
covering the area in between Yamuna River and National Highway Road No.1 up to Patti-
Kalyana village.
3.1.7 PANIPAT DISTRICT:-
Panipat is situated on the bank of the River Yamuna. The famous three historical battles
were fought in and around this city. Today, Panipat is an industrial town, which is known for its
handloom products. The total area of Panipat district is 1754 square kilometers and its population
is 976338. This district is bordered by Karnal, Sonipat, Jind and Kaithal and the state of Uttar
Pradesh. It has got five blocks viz. (1) Panipat (2) Samalkha (3) Israna (4) Madlauda (5) Bopoli.
There are a total of 567 villages in the district. The Prominent ponds in each Block considered
for study are shown in table 3.7.
3.1.8 JIND DISTRICT
Jind is a town in Jind District in the Indian state of Haryana. It is one of the oldest districts of
Haryana. It lies in central Haryana. The city is beautiful. Rani Talab is the major tourist place
Pandu-Pindara and Ramrai are the main devotional places attracting devotees for Amavasya bath.
The district lies in the North of Haryana between 29.03’ and 29.51’ North latitude & 75.53’ and
76.47’ East longitude. On its East and North-East lie the districts of Panipat, Karnal and Kaithal
respectively. Its boundary line on the North forms the inter-state Haryana- Punjab border with
Patiala and Sangurar districts of Punjab. In the West and South-West it has a common boundary
INTRODUCTION
39
with district Hisar & Fatehabad and in its South and South-East lies the district of Rohtak and
Sonipat respectively. The Prominent ponds in each Block considered for study are shown in table
3.8.
3.1.9 DISTRICT FATEHABAD
The Fatehbad town was founded by the emperor Firoze Shah Tughlaq and named after his son
Fateh Khan in 1352 AD. The site on which the town was founded was a hunting ground. He dug
a channel from the river Ghaggar in order to supply the town with water. He also built a fort
which is now in ruins, the fortification walls can be seen on the east. of the town. He also built
three forts in the neighboring villages in the name of his three sons. The old town was
surrounded by a wall which has been dismantled to a great extent except near the fort.
The district derives its name from the headquarters town Fatehabad. The town was founded by
Firoz Shah Tughlak in the 14th century. He named it after his son Fateh Khan, as Fatehabad. The
Fatehabad district was carved out of Hisar district on 15-07-1997. District Fatehabad is located
in the south western part of Haryana. It is surrounded by Punjab in North, district Hisar in south,
district Jind in East and Rajasthan and district Sirsa in the West. The geographical area of the
district is 2520 sq.km which is 5.4 % of the state share.
Fatehabad District lies at 29° 31' N latitude and 75° 27' E Longitude and is bound by Punjab in
North, Hisar district in south, Jind district in East and Rajasthan and Sirsa district in the West.
The climate of the district is of tropical type with intensively hot summer and cool winter, with a
temperature of 47 in June and 2 C in December and January. The average rainfall of the district
is 400 mm. Fatehabad district has a population of 941,522, roughly equal to the nation of Fiji .
This gives it a ranking of 461st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population
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density of 371 inhabitants per square kilometer (960 /sq mi). Its population growth rate over the
decade 2001-2011 was 16.79 %. Fatehabad has a sex ratio of 903 females for every 1000 males,
and a literacy rate of 69.1 %. The Prominent ponds in each Block considered for study are shown
in table 3.9.
3.1.10 HISAR DISTRICT
Hisar city, previously spelled Hissar, is the administrative headquarters of Hisar district, in the
state of Haryana, in northwestern India. Hisar was founded in 1354 CE, as Hissar-e-Firoza by
Firoz Shah Tughlaq, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388.. The word
Hisar derives from a Arabic word meaning fortress. Firoz Shah also brought the waters of the
Yamuna river here by means of canal. Hisar is located at 29°9’11” north latitude and 75°43’6”
east longitude. It is 164 kilometers (102 mi) northwest of Delhi on the National Highway NH 10.
The present city of Hisar, one of the important cities of North India, is 164 kilometers west of
Delhi on the National Highway number ten. As of 2011 India census, Hisar had a population of
17,42,815. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Hisar has an average
literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82.79%, and
female literacy is 62.31%. In Hisar, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. main ethnic
group of hisar is of Jats. There is also a significant population of Sikhs in Hisar who during the
1947 partition came from West Punjab (Pakistan) and settled in this Area and replaced the
Muslims who went to Pakistan. The Prominent ponds in each Block considered for study are
shown in table 3.10.
3.1.11 SIRSA DISTRICT
INTRODUCTION
41
Sirsa is a city and a municipal council in Sirsa district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is a town
in the westernmost region of the state, bordering Punjab and Rajasthan. Its history dates back to
the time of Mahabharata. At one time, the Sarasvati River flowed in this area. The district lies
between 29014 and 30
0 north latitude and 74
029’ and 75
018’ east longitudes, forming the extreme
west corner of Haryana. It is bounded by the districts of Faridkot and Bathinda of Punjab in the
north and north east, Ganga Nagar district of Rajasthan in the west and south and Hisar district in
the east. Thus it touches the interstate boundaries on three sides and is connected with its own
state only in the eastern side. The terrain of Sirsa district may be broadly classified from north to
south into three major types i.e. Haryana Plain, alluvial bed of Ghaggar or Nali and Sand dune
tract. The climate of this district is characterised by its dryness and extremes of temperature and
scanty rainfall. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season from November to
March is followed by the Summer season which lasts up to the end of June. The period from July
to about the middle of September and from the middle of September to October constitute the
south west monsoon and post-monsoon seasons respectively. The Prominent ponds in each
Block considered for study are shown in table 3.11.
INTRODUCTION
42
OBSERVATION OF DATA
The present studies have been done in eleven Districts of Northern Haryana viz. (i) Panchkula
(ii) Ambala (iii) Yamunanagar (iv) Kurukshetra (v) Kaithal (vi) Karnal and (vii) Panipat (viii)
Jind (ix) Fatehabad (X) Hisar and (Xi) Sirsa for a period of over seven years (2005-2012).In
order to provide preliminary information, to begin with, on the basic diversity of turtles, various
rural ponds were surveyed in various Blocks and Tehsils of above said district in Haryana.
Unaware of the real ground zero situations; traditional ponds were searched for turtles during the
day time by simple sitting there, but to no avail. Thereafter, visits were made at dusk and dawn
with curious eye nearby terrestrial grounds on the vicinity of few selected ponds. However, no
turtles could be found. It was shocking incident pointing towards total elimination of turtles in
traditional ponds.
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Then attention was focused on such ponds which were attached to HINDU TEMPLES,
correlated with their religious significance. To every body’s great surprise, no turtles were seen
in the ponds attached to temples, either.
Now two prolonged approach was applied (i) Selected (10+2) Biology students were requested
to accompany the authors to their respective villages to survey the ponds for turtles. In the first
place, no such ponds could be traced where turtles were available. However, veiled information
did succeed in getting few turtles after a long search of 4-5 years. These turtles were
photographed at a price of Rs.500-1000 with the condition of returning the turtles after
photography.
(ii) The second part of the methodology was focusing attention on approaching FISH-
FARMERS at the time of harvesting the fish stock, atleast 3-4 occasion in a year.
This method also succeeded in getting information on last lurking time specimens of turtles in
Haryana, India. Against the back drop of situation of turtles in Haryana, the work done and
methodology by Gaur et al, (2005) be followed in Haryana for the partial, if not total,
rehabilitation of turtles in Haryana. Some similar work has been done by Gerlach (2005) on
Indian Ocean Giant tortoises.
Actually, present studies of TORTOISES were started in 2005 by visiting ponds in rural areas in
various parts of Haryana. These simple surveys failed and crashed to spot any Tortoises.
As a last ditch efforts, 10+2 Science stream students were appraised in the class rooms seeking
their direct intervention in spotting tortoises. Initially, no fruitful results were obtained.
Thereafter, these students took the AUTHORS to the ponds where turtles were search but to no
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44
avail. Now, a certain price of money was offered to these young boys (Rs.500/-or so per species
of tortoises). In this way, 3-5 species of tortoises were recorded. Hereafter, the households of
schedule caste were surveyed and visited for photographs etc. The surveys were done orally with
no questionnaires thus warding off any official danger to the villagers connected with spotting
and sighting of tortoises. The camera used is Zenith (1986 Model) with tele-lens. Most of the
surveys and interlocution with villagers was done in few villages in Kurukshetra sub-urbs only.
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Table: - 3.1 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Panchkula District for
observations of fresh water turtles during the study period 2005-12
Block - BARWALA PINJORE RAIPUR RANI
Sr. No. Name of Village Name of Village Name of Village
1. Barwala Basouala Behbalpur
2. Battor Bhagwanpur Hangola
3. Jaloli Bhagpur Najagaon
4. Khetpurali Bitna Piarewala
5. Kot Chowki Raipur Rani
6. Nagal Janauli Tabar
7. Ramgarh Kherawali Tharwa
8. Shahpura Lohgarh Tibbi majra
9. Taprian Mandwala Ganauli
10. Trilokpur Mankpur Nanak
Chand
Garhi Kotaha
11 Billa Kedarpur Rehna
12 Kazampur Kona Mandlai
13 Toka Dhaluwal Mandpa
14 Sunderpur Jabrot Masumpur
15 Rehore Karanpur Tada
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Table: 3.2 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Ambala District for observations
of fresh water turtles during the study period 2005-12
Block AMB I AMB II BARARA NARAIN-
GARH
SAHA SHAHZAD
PUR
Sr.
No.
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
1. Balana Babyal
Alipur Balti Bihta Bapoli
2. Barola Boh
Barara Baragaon Ninarpur Chhaju
Majra
3. Behbalpur Brahman-
majra
Dhanora Batora Gokalgarh Dhanana
4. Bhunni Garnala Jolubi Dudhali Kakar
Kunda
Fetehgarh
5. Chhapra Jandli Duliyana Ganauli Nagla Jattan Gobindpur
6. Dhurala Manakpur Malikpur Hasanpur Nurad Jatwar
7. Jansua Panjokhra Mullana Kala amb. Panjail Majra
8. Kalwar Ramgarh Rajokheri Kalyana Ramgarh Panjeton
9. Kaleran Sapera Rajoli Khanpur-
Raj Putan
Rampur Pathrehri
10. Khaira Sultanpur Manka Kherki
Jatian
Sambalkha Patvi
11 Ahema Kakru Manki Harbon Chhapra Bibipur
12 Danipur Rampur Foxa Dera Landa Gazipur
13 Delo-majra Ratangarh Kambassi Chotti kohri Kalpi Berpura
14 Jagoli Sadhopur Kambassa Ambli Malikpur Kalalmajra
15 Hamayupur Dhulkot Akalgarh Andheri Gola Dehari
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Table: 3 .3 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Yamunanagar District for observations of
fresh water turtles during the study period 2005-12
Block CHHACHHR
AULI
JAGADHAR
I
MUSTAFABAD RADAUR SADAU
RA
BILAS-
PUR
Sr.
No.
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of Village Name of
Village
Name
of
Village
Name of
Village
1. Bagpat Bhogpur Bhogpur Alahar Fajalpu
r
Arnouli
2. Chhachhrauli Bhutmajra Chhppar Barsan Kotla Bansewala
3. Damoli Bibipur Gundiana Fetahgarh Majri Bhattuwal
a
4. Dhramkot Damla Khanpur Gumthala Sadaura Bilaspur
5. Ganola Darwa Kottarkhanna Jathlana Salemp
ur
Haibat pur
6. Kalesar Dirdhla Khera Khurd Jhinverhedi Sanghol
i
Hartol
7. Kapal Machan Dusani Hangoli Khajuri Todarp
ur
Kakrouni
8. Jathehri Hari Bans Dautatpur Khurdban Thaska Kotra khas
9. Bhilpura Kail Masana Jattan Mohri Ratoli Kurali
10. Bhul kheri Khuri Faridpur Naggal Sadik
pur
Malik pur
11 Begampur Akalgarh Gadhaula Alipura Kanipla Manakpur
12 Dhakwala Gobindpura Gadhauli Bapoli Thaska Dariyapur
13 Bhukri Kalanaur Lawani Bubka Galori Marwa
khurd
14 Ismailpur Buria Massana jattan Lal
Chhapar
Pando Chanda
Kheri
15 Bakarwala Kathwala Mansoorpur Kandrouli Rathali Chajju
Nagla
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Table: 3.4 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Kurukshetra District
for observations of fresh water turtles during the study period 2005-12
Block BABAIN LADWA PEHOWA SHAHBAD THANESAR
Sr.
No.
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of Village Name of
Village
Name of
Village
1. Babain Ban Arnai Ahmedpur Amin
2. Rajghar Bapdi Batheri Chanarthal Barna
3. Barghat Barana Bibipur kalan Charunijatan Birmathana
4. Haripur Barot Diwana Deeg Dayalpur
5. Jalkheri Bodla Guldehra Dhantori Kirmich
6. Jhandola Gajlana Jalbera Kalsani Hathira
7. Mercheri Mehra Kakrali Yara Hingakheri
8. Rampura Sirsama Kalsa Kharindwa Dhurala
9. Sunarian Karami Krah Kishangarh Sarai-sukhi
10. Tatka Umri Lotni Kumhar-majra Sirsala
11 Tatki Dhanora Gumthala Yari Kasora
12 Berthala Ghangori Sarsa Kalsana Mirjapur
13 Berthali Bakali Bhawani-Khera Thol Singhpura
14 Ghuda Jainpur Thana Shantinagar Kheri
15 Majri dhugai Bhor Sainda Nalvi Amin
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Table: 3.5 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Kaithal District for
observations of fresh water turtles during the study period 2005-12
Block GHULA KAITHAL KALAYAT PUNDRI RAJOUND SIWAN
Sr.
No.
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
1. Agondh Babaladhana Batta Pundri Bhanna Atela
2 Bhagal Barot Brahmaniwal Sirsal Kassan Dohar
3. Bhuna Deoban Chausal Sanch Korora Urlana
4. Danooda Devigarh Kailram Sakra Kithana Malikpur
5. Kalar
majra
Shergarh Khark Pondwa Pharal Kotra Kakeheri
6. Kharal Keorak Kurar Deeg Neemwala Govind pur
7. Majri Nouch Kalayat Barsana Santokh Majra Khampur
8. Peedal Padla Narvalgarh Fatehpur Sherdha Nagal
9. Arnali Geong Simla Meoli Songal Sotha
10. Nandgarh Manas Dundwa Pai Guliyana Rasulpur
11 Azimgarh Harsola Kheri Sharkhan Kaul Narwal Gohra
12 Bhunsala Khanoda Ramgarh-
Pandwa
Teontha Bir Banghra Pahadpur
13 Garhi-
Nazir
Patti Khot Haripura Solu-Majra Rajound Papsar
14 Kharkara Peoda Dubbal Jatheri Taragarh Kangthali
15 Shadipur Rasulpur Kalasar Pilni Rohera Pishol
INTRODUCTION
50
Table: 3.6 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Karnal District for observations of fresh
water turtles during the study period 2005-12
Block GHARAUND
A
ASSANDH INDRI KARNAL NILOKHERI NISSING
AT
CHIRAO
Sr.
No.
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of
Village
Name of Village Name of
Village
1. Phurlak Ballah Bhadson Bara Gaon Raipur Rodan Agondh
2. Raipur Jattan Chogama Biana Chorpura Barana Balu
3. Peepal wari Danoli Budan-
pur Daha Jagir Samana Baras
4. Dhaha Dupedi Chand-
Samand Gheer Barhtal Dachar
5. Bazida Jabhala Labkari Kachhwa Jamba Jundla
6. Kohand Ardana Garhi
Birbal Kunjpura Koyar Picholia
7. Kemla Kudlan Gumton Kambopura Majra Rodan Pingali
8. Hasanpur Rugsana Kalri Jagir Nalvi Kalan Nighdhu Sambhali
9. Gagsina Risalwa Kalsora Newal Kurak Narukheri
10. Jhinwarheri Salwan Hanori Phoosgarh Padwala Zarifabad
11 Satoundi Chochra Tapu Barota Kamalpur Birachpur
12 Bastada Fafdana Khera Jadola Barani Gogripur
13 Kairwali Rattak Chogawan Gogdipur Kalsi Manjoora
14 Kutail Jalmana Janesron Uncha-Samana Anjanthali Sirsi
15 Munak Golli Dhumsi Kambopura Bairsal Bir Majra
INTRODUCTION
51
Table: 3.7 Showing the list of selected village Ponds of Panipat District for observations
of fresh water turtles during the study period 2005-12
Block BAPOLI SAMALKHA ISRANA MADLAUDA PANIPAT
Sr.No. Name of
Village
Name of Village Name of
Village
Name of Village Name of
Village
1. Matnoli Beholi Balana Nohra Diwana
2. Nanhera Chulkana Bijawa Madlauda Khotpura
3. Pasina
Kalan
Karhans Bursham Shera Rajapur
4. Ujha Atta Kaith Rairkalan Bapoli
5. Kurar Manana Kakoda Assan Khurd Sewah
6. Passina-
Khurd
Pattikaliyana Mandi Joshi Urgakheri
7. Bapoli Hathwala Naultha Atawala Jhatipur
8. Behram- pur Dhodpur Pardhana Bhalsi Bichpari
9. Bapoli Budhanpur Seenkh Dharamgarh Nimbri
10. Dadola Bijawa Karad Kawi Mehmudpur
11 Jalalpur Bilaspur Bandh Sithana Chandoli
12 Jalmana Pawti Didwari Nara Babarpur
13 Rishpur Dikadla Shahpur Bhandari Rishalu
14 Garhi Kiwana Puthar Kalkha Kabri
15 Sanjoli Haldana Gawalra Alupur Ganjbar
INTRODUCTION
52
INTRODUCTION
53
INTRODUCTION
54
INTRODUCTION
55
Fig. 3.1 Map of India showing Haryana state
INTRODUCTION
56
Fig. 3.2 Map of Haryana showing districts.
INTRODUCTION
57
Fig 3.4. Schematic map of Panchkula District showing some selected Villages for the
observation of fresh water turtles.
INTRODUCTION
58
Fig 3.5. Schematic map of Ambala District showing some selected Villages for the
observation of fresh water turtles.
INTRODUCTION
59
Fig 3.6. Schematic map of Yamunanagar District showing some selected Villages for the
observation of fresh water turtles.
INTRODUCTION
60
Fig 3.7. Schematic map of Kurukshetra District showing some selected Villages for the
observation of fresh water turtles.
INTRODUCTION
61
Fig 3.8. Schematic map of Karnal District showing some selected Villages for the
observation of fresh water turtles.
INTRODUCTION
62
Fig 3.9. Schematic map of Kaithal District showing some selected Villages for the
observation of fresh water turtles.
INTRODUCTION
63
Fig 3.10. Schematic map of Jind District showing some selected Villages for the observation
of fresh water turtles.
INTRODUCTION
64
Fig 3.11. Schematic map of Fatehabad District showing some selected Villages for the
observation of fresh water turtles.
INTRODUCTION
65
Fig 3.12. Schematic map of Hisar District showing some selected Villages for the
observation of fresh water turtles.
INTRODUCTION
66
Fig 3.13. Schematic map of Sirsa District showing some selected Villages for the
observation of fresh water turtles.