Chapter 3 History Pg 1

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Chapter 3 history pg. 1

3A the English Channel made it much harder for other countries to invade England as in those time it

was much harder to transport troops, arms, horses and all the extra baggage across water than tomarch in into the neighbouring country.

A2 because of the above reason the boundaries of England have changed far less than those of the

neighbouring European countries.

3B2 because the business men mainly used the putting out system they could escape the regulations

placed on them by guilds which would increase their profit.

3B3 a 1576

B 1560s

C 1620s

D 1616

3C1a Muscovy Company 1554

C1b Russia

3C2 1north America, 2west Indies

3C3 east India trading company 1600

3C4 South America this area was already controlled by the Spanish and much of Australasia as this

had yet to be thought of any significance

Sheep products made up 90% of Englands exports in

1563

Wool was a major partof clothing in the

1500s

Sheep farmingcreated a lot of jobsboth in rural and

factory settings.

A small cottager family could usenearly every part of a sheepmaking it quite an economical

animal to raise.


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HISTORY CHAPTER 4 PG1

4A1a Queen Elizabeth the 1 st

A1b to disobey the monarch was both a sin and a crime

4A2 the monarch was viewed as gods lieutenant on earth which meant that they had been chosen

by god to rule.

A3 one out of ten had a governing role

A4 all states of power were controlled by the crown in Tudor and Stuart England this includes

Executive, Legislative and judicial

A5 central

A6a the monarch and the Privy Council (and occasionally parliament)

A6b central government in modern New Zealand differs greatly from that of Tudor and Stuart

England in that the monarch has no part in central government.

4B

Royal prerogative powers of the crown

Privy Council advisers and ministers selected by the monarch

The court - where people made contact with the monarch

Privy councillors managed the business of parliament for the crown

Lord Treasurer the minister of finance

Local government received instructions from the privy seal

Queenss secretary responsible for the monarchs official contract

Lord Chancellor made documents official with the great seal

Governing classes - the nobility and gentry

Central government the monarch and Privy Council

4C1 county palatine of Durham ruled by the bishop of Durham

C2 became subject to English laws and was divided into counties

C3 he only succeed because the ruling class welcomed the change


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5A1a roads were often clogged with mud so travel was often excruciatingly slow

1b there was none of the communication devices we implement in modern life and even snail mail

was unreliable.

1c the central government didnt have enough money to pay regular salaries to London officials, howwould afford to directly rule all of England

1d there was no police force

A2

A3. To see if the law was being upheld. They could hold special court cases that the local authoritieswere too inexperienced to deal with.

A4a they could lose money if the job was time consuming and they werent able to properly manage

their estates because of this.

A4b it could lose the support of local government which could then lead to a rebellion.

Central government relied on localofficials to collect taxes, keep the peace,carry out justice, implement church

policys and follow other requests

without pay

In return local officials gained status and

power in their local communitys andwere allowed to use their power to gainmoney locally to make up for lack of

wages


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6A1a because its main function was to make laws first for the crown and then for MPs

1b if he wanted to pass a statute or if they required more funds

1c if the monarch could call and dismiss parliament on a whim.

1d during this period there was no monarch and parliament ruled led by Oliver Cromwell.

1e statute law had both the power of the monarchy and parliament behind it

1f the common law was important to the gentry because it covered local matters and was seen to

protect the rights of land owner

A2a the monarch, House of Lords and the House of Commons

2b the nobility and the gentry

2c passed by both houses and signed into law by the monarch

6B1 parliament was the legislative machine that up until 1640 mainly existed to serve thegovernment. Government was the governing body made up by the monarch and the Privy Councilthey ruled England. Government operated all the time while parliament was called and dismissed by

the monarch

B2a legislative poor law aims to help deserving poor

Judicial lord treasurer Cranfield impeached by parliament

Advice House of Commons petitions queen to marry

Grievances Pym raises concerns over religious changes

Contact MPs able to meet the new king and talk to councillors

Financial two subsidies granted to pay for war in Spain

B3 an efficient parliament meant that the monarch could get the laws it wanted passed quickly and

get the subsidies it needed.


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7A1

A2 the crown could have regulated the amount that local officials were allowed to skim of taxes andsuch that they collected. This would have increased the profit coming in. decrease expenses by findingcheaper options for things such as royal gowns.

7B1a the monarchy had to maintain a certain image of wealth or Englands enemies would senseweakness, but this facade was costly for example Charles Is court had 2000 servants and hangers -on.

1b due to the lack of understanding about inflation the value of money was decreasing. And the crownsincome wasnt raising enough to meet the increase in expenses.

1c parliament often underestimated the costs of the monarchy.

1d smuggling cost the crown a lot in customs duties.

B2 the more taxes increase the poorer the subjects get, which leads to an increase in beggars and possibly

rebellion.

B3a a short term increase in financial benefits due to an inflow of cash

3b a long term decrease in financial benefits due to a loss of cash from rent and sale of crops.

B4a income from sale of crops

4b distraint of knighthood fee

4c income form fines paid to the courts

4d first fruits when a clergyman took over a new parish he paid his first year of wages to the crown

4e monopolies extra duties on special goods such as soap and salt.

7C1a patronage 1b patent 1c client 1d wardship 1e factions

C2a monopolising of patronage

2b because he had a monopoly of patronage which they all wanted, if he was impeached it would free up alot of patronage which could then go to them.

C3a patent 3b because there was no police force

3c there was a considerable fee paid to him from each tavern which meant there was a likely hood that his policing was slightly relaxed, so he might continue to receive the fee

3d it was preventing wide spread gambling

The court was run Burghley gained theposition through patronage and while hedidnt get a wage. He creamed a huge

This profit could have gone to the crown.

And it is instances like this that contributed to the relatively poor state

of Tudor and Stuart finances.

The courts are sources of revenue for the crown


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CHAPTER 8 HISTORY

8A 1 robbed, killed, your wife will stray and utter destruction will follow

A2 it re-enforced that you had to obey the monarch because when you turned your back on the

monarch you were also turning against god.

A3 a watchdog of behaviour

B official communicator

C controller of knowledge

D punisher of sins

8B these indulgences are simply priests selling sin, why they are no better that a common doxy!Not only that they are fooling poor townsfolk out of money which they can hardly afford to lose ,

and religion is a matter of faith not money when they convince a person to buy an indulgence they

are convincing them to lose faith.

8B2 Lutheran belief catholic belief

Salvation: could only be achieved by believingyou were saved

Could be achieved by doing good deeds, buyingindulgences and taking sacraments

Predestination: god could see past future andpresent so he already knew who was saved andwho was going to hell

Freewill: what you do in your life decided whatwould happen in the afterlife.

Pope: was the bishop of Rome Was the spiritual leader of the whole church

Bible: should be available to everyone in theirown language

Pope and church should interpret the bible andtell people what to believe

consubstantiation: the body and blood werepresent in the bread and wine but they were stillbread and wine

transubstantiation: that during the service thebread and wine become flesh and blood of Christ

Preaching: placed high value on preaching topublic as it strengthens their faith in god

Not really that into it


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HISTORY CHAPTER 9

9a1

A2a he would have wanted a clear successor to the English throne, and would have wanted to avoid

conflict with one of the churches biggest supporters

2b because Catherines nephew had conquered Rome where the pope was situated he had to be

careful not to anger the holy roman emperor least he have an unfortunate accident and be replacedwith someone more agreeable.

1509 Henry marries Catherine of Aragon ( brothers widow)

1521 Was named defender of theFaith by the pope for his vehement

denial of Lutheran ideas

1527 Holy roman emperor Charles

conquers Rome

1532 Anne Boleyn is pregnant with

Elizabeth

1533 Thomas Cranmer becomes

archbishop of Canterbury completehenrys divorce from Anne. Henry

marries Anne

1534 Henry has broken all ties with

Rome both religious and political.


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9B

Religious Uncertainty

Catholic Aspects Protestant AspectsHenry made it clear that he had not changed hisbelief in Catholicism just the political control of the church

Catholic monasteries and abbeys were closeddown in 1536 and 1539 the lands and wealthreverting to the crown

Henry remained devoted to mass and theconcept transubstantiation

The bible was translated into English

Key protestant sympathisers were executed bythe kings order queen Anne in 1536 and ThomasCromwell in 1540

The Heir to the crown was the nephew of aprotestant supporter who was later made theduke of Somerset

In 1539 an act abolishing diversity in opinion waspassed that supported many catholic ideas. It

also stated that the punishment for denyingmass was burning!

The archbishop of Canterbury to the ideas of martin Luther and began working on a English

prayer book

9C 1aEdwards uncle ran government as the lord protector; he was the duke of Somerset who wasknown to be a protestant sympathiser.

1b Marys mother Catherine of Aragon was a staunch catholic.

1c Northumberland helped make England protestant so Mary would have seen him as a threat to

returning England to Catholicism

1d they were catholic so they were released

1e he was a protestant arch bishop to Mary he was a heretic and must burn

1f it was familiar and comfortable

Chapter 3 History Pg 1

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