CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES...
-
Upload
amelia-richard -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
5
Transcript of CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES...
![Page 1: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHAPTER 3
Feeding Relationships
![Page 2: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW
SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE
![Page 3: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
REVIEW TERMS
ECOLOGY: scientific study of interactions among organisms, between organisms, in their environment
BIOSPHERE: the world (combining ALL parts of the world)
![Page 4: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
COMPARE and CONTRAST
PRODUCERS vs. CONSUMERSP = use sunlight/chemicals to make
own food/energyC = use other organisms for
food/energy AUTOTROPHS vs. HETEROTROPHS
A = AKA producerH = AKA consumer
![Page 5: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TYPES OF PRODUCERS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS—use sunlight to make carbohydrates (sugars)
CHEMOSYNTHESIS—use chemicals to make carbohydrates (sugars)
![Page 6: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
TYPES OF CONSUMERS
HERBIVORES: energy from only plants• i.e. cows and deer
CARNIVORES: energy from only animals• i.e. tigers and dogs
OMNIVORES: energy from both plants and animals
• i.e. humans and bears DETRITIVORES: energy from remains of
plants and animals • i.e. mites and crabs
![Page 7: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TROPHIC LEVELS Energy levels in a food chain or food web
Producers = always first trophic levelConsumers = make up the second, third,etc. trophic
levelsDecomposers = the last trophic level
Grass → Caterpillar → Hawk → Wolf → Mushroom
Arrows represent the flow of energy from one organism to the next
Producer Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Decomposer
![Page 8: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
FOOD CHAIN
Energy transfer from one organism to another in a series of steps
EXAMPLE:
Grass → Caterpillar → Hawk → Wolf → Mushroom Producer Primary
ConsumerSecondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Decomposer
![Page 9: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FOOD WEBS
More complex than food chain
Shows relationships among many different animals in an area
Where are the trophic levels in this figure?
![Page 10: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ENERGY PYRAMIDS
ENERGY PYRAMID: Shows the relative amount of energy available in
each trophic level BIOMASS PYRAMID:
Total amount of living tissue for each trophic levelRepresents the amount of food available in each
trophic level PYRAMID OF NUMBERS:
Number of organisms in each trophic level
![Page 11: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
•Organisms use about 10% of energy from each trophic level
•The rest is lost as heat
Biomass
Numbers
Energy
![Page 12: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RULE OF 10
Only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.
Example:It takes 100 kgs of plant materials
(producers) to support 10 kgs of herbivores
It takes 10 kgs of herbivores to support 1 kg of 1st level predator
![Page 13: CHAPTER 3 Feeding Relationships. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW SPECIES POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOME BIOSPHERE.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649f1c5503460f94c31bbf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Symbiosis – “living together”
Symbiosis Type
Species A Species B
Commensalism + (benefit) 0 (neutral)
Mutualism + (benefit) + (benefit)
Parasitism + (benefit) - (harmed)