Chapter 3: Federalism
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Transcript of Chapter 3: Federalism
Chapter 3: FederalismForging a Nation
Section 1 Federalism: National and State Sovereignty
I. Dual Citizenship a. Failure of the Articles
b. System of Divided Powers
II. The Arguments for Federalisma. Practical Necessity
b. Protecting Liberty- Federalist No. 28
c. Moderating Government Powers
d. Strengthening the Union
(Division of Powers Handout)
III. The Powers of the Nationa) Enumerated Powers
1) Supremacy Clause 2) Necessary and Proper/ Elastic Clause
b) Implied Powers• Necessary & proper clause
c) Inherent Powers
d) Reserved Powers
e) Concurrent Powers
Section 2: Interstate Relations
I. Interstate Compactsa. Examples
a. Port Authority of New York & New Jersey (1921)
b. Compact for the Supervision of Parolees & Probationers and Compact of Juveniles
c. Great Lakes Compact
II. Full, Faith and Credita. Exceptions
b. Williams v. North Carolina
III. Extradition
IV. Privileges and Immunities
Section 3: Federalism in Historical Perspective
I. A Continuous DebateII. Phase I: An Indestructible Union
a. Nationalist View
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Gibbons v. Ogden(1824)
c. The States’ Rights Viewa) The Issue of Slaveryb) Dred Scott v. Sanford
Dual Federalism
• Based on Separation of Powers Doctrine• Sharp line between National & State Authority• State supremacy in racial policy
• Business Supremacy in commerce policy
• 14th Amendment & State Discretion
• Judicial Protections of Business• Laissez-faire capitalism• Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company
• Private corporation is entitled to legal rights
• United States v. EC Knight Co.• Sugar Trust Cases
• Avoided Sherman Antitrust
• Hammer v. Dagenhart • Restricts National
• Lochner v. New York • Restricts States
National Authority Prevails
• Great Depression • Challenges from Supreme Court
• Revelation: Interdependent Nation • A Shift in Responsibility• State’s unable to deal with unemployed/welfare assistance
• NIRA• Schecter v. United States
• A switch in time that saved nine• Court packing
• Justice Own Roberts• Toward National Citizenship• Brown v. Board of Education
Section 4: Federalism Today
• Expansion of National Authority • Policy Shift • Expansion of National Authority 1930s
• Devolution
• Interdependency & Intergovernmental Relations• Cooperative Federalism • Characteristics
• Example: Medicaid
Fiscal Federalism
• Spending of Federal Funds through state and local governments • 1 in every 5 dollars spent by state/local comes from National
• Increase in Federal Government influence• Dole v. South Dakota
• Categorical Grants “strings”
• Block Grants “no strings”
Devolution
• Nixon & New Federalism • The Republican Revolution • 1994 Congressional Elections
• Unfunded mandates
• 1996 Welfare Reform Act • George W. Bush• NCLB?
• Department of Homeland Security
Devolution, Judicial Style
• Increases in Congressional Authority• Garcia v. San Antonio Authority• Gonzales v. Raich
• Limiting Congressional Authority• United States v. Lopez• Printz v. United States• Kimmel v. Florida Board of Regents • Univ. of Alabama v. Garrett