CHAPTER 15 THE EARTH’S CHANGING CLIMATE CHAPTER 15 THE EARTH’S CHANGING CLIMATE.
Chapter 3 Earth’s Structure and Materials and a few Chapter 2.
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Transcript of Chapter 3 Earth’s Structure and Materials and a few Chapter 2.
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Chapter 3 Earth’s Structure and Materials
and a few Chapter 2
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What is the typical flow of the components that make up an information system?Chapter 2
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Lithosphere
A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
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Basalt
A dark, dense, igneous rock with fine texture, found in ocean crust.
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Pressure
The force pushing on a surface divided by the area of that surface.
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Granite
A usually light colored igneous rock that is found
in continental crust.
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When scientific work conflicts with the beliefs of society and its leaders, a___________ can arise. Chapter 2
controversy
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Inner Core
A dense sphere of solid iron and
nickel at the center of Earth.
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MantleThe layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s
crust and core.
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Galileo used his telescope to collect evidence that planets revolved around _______.Chapter 2
the sun the sun
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Seismic Wave Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the
energy released during an earthquake.
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Outer Core
A layer of molten iron
and nickel that surrounds the inner core of
Earth.
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Crust
The layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface.
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TO DESCRIBE A ROCK’S TEXTURE, GEOLOGISTS DETERMINE WHAT THREE THINGS:
SIZE, SHAPE, AND THE PATTERN OF THE ROCK’S GRAIN
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Radiation
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic
waves.
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Conduction
The transfer of thermal energy from one particle of matter to another
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GrainThe particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture.
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Data and observations collected through
scientific processes are called_______ evidence.Chapter 2
empirical
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DensityThe
measurement of how much mass of a substance is
contained in a given volume.
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What are two useful metamorphic rocks?
Marble and slate
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Convection
The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a fluid.
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Rock-Forming Mineral
Any of the common minerals that make
up most of the rocks of Earth’s crust.
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Asthenosphere
The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.
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Texture
The look and feel of a rock’s surface, determined by the size, shape and
pattern of a rocks grains.
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Igneous Rock
A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.
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The most abundant type of intrusive rock in the continental crust is:
Granite
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Sediment Earth
materials deposited by
erosion.
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Forms from sand on the beaches, ocean floor, river beds, and sand dunes.
SANDSTONE
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CORRECT ORDER OF (STARTING FROM THE SURFACE) EARTH’S LAYERS.
CRUSTMANTLEOUTER COREINNER CORE
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Metamorphic Rock
A type of rock that forms from an
existing rock that is changed by heat,
pressure, or chemical reaction.
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Extrusive Rock Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth’s surface
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Scientists use ____________ to understand how systems work and to predict changes in a system.Chapter 2
models
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What step in the rock cycle would be required to change granite into sandstone?
Granite Particles settle on the ocean floor.
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Intrusive Rock
Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface.
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Convection Current The movement of a fluid caused by differences in
temperature, that transfers heat from one part of a fluid to another.
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Sedimentary Rock
A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
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Weathering
The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances.
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Rock fragments with rounded edges form this rock
CONGLOMERATE
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ErosionThe process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity
moves weathered particles of rock and soil.
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DepositionProcess in
which sediment is laid down in
new locations.
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Formed in the ocean where many living things, such as coral, clam and oysters have hard shells made of the mineral calcite.
Limestone
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Clastic Rock Sedimentary rock that forms when rock
fragments are squeezed together under high pressure.
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Compaction
The process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight
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Foliated
Term used to describe metamorphic rocks that have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands.
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Rock Cycle
A series of processes on the surface and inside the Earth that slowly changes rocks from one
kind to another.
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Future testing can still prove an accepted scientific _____________ to be incorrect. Chapter 2
theory
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Forms from tiny particles of clay and water deposits the clay in thin flat layers
SHALE
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Cementation
The process by which dissolved
minerals crystallized and glue particles of
sediment together into one
mass.
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Organic Rock
Sedimentary rock that form from
remains or organisms
deposited in thick layers.
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A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditionsChapter 2.
Scientific Law
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Chemical Rock
Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from a solution
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Holes drilled several kilometers in the Earth’s crust provide direct evidence about Earth’s interior in the form of
ROCK SAMPLES
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Rock fragments with sharp edges form this rock.
BRECCIA