Chapter 3 Communities and Biomes Part 1 Ecosystem: interactions among populations in a community...
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Transcript of Chapter 3 Communities and Biomes Part 1 Ecosystem: interactions among populations in a community...
![Page 1: Chapter 3 Communities and Biomes Part 1 Ecosystem: interactions among populations in a community Consists of: – A community of organisms – The soil,](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bf7b1a28abf838c83bd9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 3Communities and Biomes
Part 1
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Ecosystem: interactions among populations in a community
• Consists of:– A community of organisms– The soil, water, and weather– Energy
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Biome - a major ecosystem that shares the same type of climate and has similar life forms.
1. Salt water
2. Freshwater
3. Estuary
4. Terrestrial
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CLIMATOGRAM - Measures two things:
• Average Temperature • Average Precipitation
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TundraPermafrost - permanently frozen groundPlants - short roots; fast growing; perennials. Animals have thick fur / body fat / coloration.
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Taiga / Coniferous ForestConifers - cone-bearing trees / bending branches / needles
as leaves. Animals also have thick fur / body fat.
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DesertMost desert animals are nocturnal.
Estivation - sleeping during hot days.Plants have waxy leaves / spines.
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GrasslandsMost animals have good vision and speed.
Plants have underground stems / survive fires.
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Temperate / Deciduous ForestBroad-leaved trees lose their leaves yearly.
Some birds migrate.
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Tropical Rain ForestArboreal - tree-dwelling animals
Trees / Plants:1. Canopy 2. Understory 3. Ground
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Adaptation: the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment.
• Migration• Thick fur• Coloration• Speed• Chemical defenses• Hibernation/ Estivation• Size• Thorns and stickers
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Chapters 3-4Communities and Biomes /
Population
Part 2
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Click to start video
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Succession: changes over time• Primary succession – new land caused by
avalanches, volcanoes, and glaciers
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Succession: changes over time• Pioneer species – first species in an area
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Succession: changes over time• Climax community – shows little or no change over time• Secondary succession – sequence of life after natural
disasters (ex. Forest fires)
1988 forest fire inYellowstone Nat’l Park
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Population Dynamics• Exponential Growth - as a population gets
larger, it also grows faster. (p 97)• Carrying capacity - the maximum number
of organisms that an environment can support (p 98).
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Limiting factors: Factors that affect an organism’s ability to survive.
• Density dependent factors:– Disease – Competition – Parasites – Food & water – Space
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Density independent factors (abiotic factors):
– Temperature – Storms – Floods – Drought– Habitat disruption (logging,
burning, draining swamps, moving in exotic species)
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Demography - human population growth
• Immigration - moving in• Emigration - moving out• Growth rate• Natality - birth rate
• Fatality - death rate
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