CHAPTER – 3 BASE LINE ENVIRONMENTAL...
Transcript of CHAPTER – 3 BASE LINE ENVIRONMENTAL...
CHAPTER – 3
BASE LINE ENVIRONMENTAL
STATUS
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CHAPTER- 3 BASE LINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
3.1 PROLOGUE
Preparation of EIA needs a datum on which the evaluation can be done. It is
necessary to collect data about different environmental aspects that are likely
to be affected due to the proposed industrial activity, which in turn defines an
existing environmental quality to serve as the datum.
Various environmental conditions exist in the area surrounding the project site,
which are liable to be affected due to the project activities, have been
assessed quantitatively as well as qualitatively. In order to assess the feasibility of
the said project, a study related to the present environment condition has been
carried out by generating the baseline data.
As per the approved TOR of the project (vide no. J-11011/506/2009-IA II (I)
dated on 25th November, 2009 the study area to be considered as 5 km from
the project site. The baseline environmental quality has been assessed during
the month of November 2009 to February 2010 (Winter Season) in a study area
of 5-km radial distance from the project site with reference to the attributes as
summarized in Table - 3.1.
3.2 STUDY AREA
The base line data has been collected within the 5 km radius surrounding the
existing project site of M/s. H. J. Arochem (P) Ltd. (HJAPL). The study area is
covered by 11 villages of Sanand Taluka and 3 villages of Daskroi Taluka of
District Ahmedabad. The detail of villages and their location from the project
site is given in Table - 3.2. The Google image of the study area is given below as
Plate 3.1, while the map depicting administrative boundaries of Taluka, showing
locations of towns and villages along with infrastructure facilities as national and
state highways, Important roads and railway line is shown in Plate -3.2.
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Table - 3.1: Details of Attributes
Attributes Parameters Data procured from
Micro Meteorology
Wind Speed, Wind direction, and temperature
Indian Meteorological Department, Ahmedabad
for Ahmedabad Observatory
Meteorology Wind Speed, Wind direction,
temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and cloudiness
Book “Climate of Gujarat” published by Indian
Metrological Department, Government Of India - 1995
Water Environment
Physical, chemical and bacteriological
Parameters. Ambient Air Environment SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx
Soil Environment
Physical, chemical and biological parameters
Noise Environment Noise levels in dBA
Monitored data
Land Use Pattern
Land use for different Land use classifications.
Socioeconomic Status
Socio-economic characteristics, labor force characteristics, population statistics
Existing amenities in the study area and quality of life.
Census Handbook of Ahmedabad District – 2001
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Plate 3.1 Google Image
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Plate 3.2 Key Infrastructure Map with Village Location
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Table - 3.2: Villages Covered Under Study Area
Sr. No.
Name of Taluka Name of The Village Village
code Position With Respect
To Project Site 1 Navapura 201 4.05 km @ 25° 2 Changodar 202 2.4 km @ 50° 3 Tajpur 224 2.25 km @ 90° 4 Vasna Chacharavadi 225 3.6 km @ 180° 5 Matoda 221 4.2 km @ 245° 6 Sari 222 4.95 km @ 240° 7 Kolat 200 3.3 km @ 347° 8 Palwada 223 3.6 km @ 270° 9 Moraiya 203 1.2 km @ 330° 10 Nani Devti 206 3.9 km @ 285° 11
Sanand
Moti Devti 204 3.9 km @ 320° 12 Bhat 292 5.4 km @ 140° 13 Visalpur 279 5.7 km @ 96°
14 Daskroi
Mota Chhapara/ Kasindra 291 4.95 km @ 125°
3.2.1 INDUSTRIES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA
M/s. HJAPL is located in private Industrial Estate which is situated within the
Changodar Industrial area, Taluka Sanand, District Ahmedabad. The industrial
stretch starts about 10 Km away from Sarkhej-Ahmedabad and ends a few Km
before Bawala Town. The total length of Industrial Stretch is about 30 Km.
Because of strategic location i.e near to Ahmedabad & on Delhi – Kandla
Highway, growth oriented industrial policies of the Government and availability
of good infrastructure facilities, this area has shown remarkable growth in last
decade.
Changodar Industrial area is having more than 300-400 industrial units of
different categories and spread over the stretch of 30 Km along the NH-8
connecting Ahmedabad-Bavla-Rajkot. The major categories of industries exist in
the industrial area are pharmaceuticals, formulation, textile, textile processing,
food products, chemicals, dyes and dye intermediate machineries, oil, etc.
Table - 3.3 shows the major industrial units functioning in the study area.
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Table 3.3: List of Industries in Changodar Industrial Area
Sr. No. Name of Company Type of Industry 1 AMTEX Textile Unit
2 Ankur Protein Industries Refined Oil
4 Anushri Paper Packaging Paper Box
5 Arbuda Rice Mill Rice Mill
6 Arihant Remedies Aruvedic Medicine
11 Astra Life Care Tablets & Antibiotics
12 Brussels Laboratories Tablets/ Syrup/
13 Chetan Textile Pvt. Ltd. Printing/ dying
14 Claris Life Science Ltd. Multi- Pharma Product
15 Democare Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. Skin Medicine
16 Dholeshwer (Rice Mill) Rice Mill
18 E+L India Ltd. Accessories for Plastic , Paper & Textile machineries
19 Gokul Rice Mills Rice Mill
20 Green & Green Agro Industries Rice Mill
21 Harsha Engineers Limited Tapper Roller Bearing Cages
22 Harsha Engineers Limited (Eou Division)
Tapper Roller Bearing Cages
23 Intas Pharmaceutical Vials/Capsules/ Tablate
24 Intas Pharmaceutical (Research Center )(Indus Biotheraputics)
Re-combinant injection
25 J.K. Agro Rice mill
26 Leamake Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. Syrup
27 Mahavir Rice & Pulse Mills Rice Mill
28 Mahendra Petro Chem Petro Chemicals
29 Medicare Hygine Pvt. Ltd. Pharmaceuticals
31 Micro Polymers Pvt. Ltd. Polymer (oil Type)
32 Modern Denim Denim
33 Nipon Agro Ltd. Agro Foods
34 Nova Petrochemicals Petro Chemical Industry
35 Omni Dyechem Export Ltd. Dyechem
36 Pradeep Overseas Pvt. Ltd. Finish Fabric
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Sr. No. Name of Company Type of Industry 37 Prakash Solvent Ltd. Solvent Oil/De oil Cake/Refined
Oil 38 Ramdev Food Products Pvt. Ltd Spices & Instant Mixes
39 Sakar Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. Vitamin Syrup
40 Shiddhi Oil Pvt. Ltd. Edible Refined Oil
41 Shrinathji Beverages Mineral Water
42 Shubhalaxmi Agro Industries Rice Mill
43 Surya International Honey, food color, Butter
44 Vikram Ricenol Sebacic Acid
45 Vishnu Agro Industries Rice Mill
46 Wilson Print City Ltd. Offset Printing / Book Printing
47 Zydus Cadila (Health Care) Pharmaceuticals
48 Zydus Cadila (R&D) Pharmaceutical R & D
3.3 METEOROLOGY
The transport and diffusion of the pollutants in the atmosphere is governed by
meteorological factors. Knowledge of meteorological characteristics is,
therefore, essential to assess the effect of pollution on the receptors. Moreover,
metrological characteristics of an area are very important in deciding the
project installation, assessing possible environmental impacts and in preparing
environmental management plan. The importance and measurement method
of each meteorological parameter is given in Table 3.4.
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Table- 3. 4: Meteorological Parameters
Sr. No Parameters Measurement Method Importance
1. Surface Temperature
Temperature Sensors capable of giving
electrical signals are used e.g. thermocouples,
resistance thermometers or thermistors.
Temperature affect the plum rise & it increase the effective height of release and thereby increase dispersion and thus decreases the maximum ground level concentration of the pollutants.
It also Influences stability conditions and extent of dispersion of pollutants.
2. Rainfall Rain gauge as per IS: 5225 is used for the
measurement of rainfall.
Rainwater scrubs the atmospheric pollutants and pollutes surface and groundwater.
3. Relative Humidity
RH sensors giving electrical signals are use
e.g. hydrometer.
Moisture provides surface area for suspended particulate matter to coalesce and grow in the size and settle under the influence of gravity. It also enhances the chemical reactions of the gaseous pollutant High humidity is associated with (1) Lowered visibility for water vapour plumes (2) Possible acid mist
formation
4. Wind Speed Totalizing type
Anemometer is used to measure the wind speed.
Determines initial dispersion of air pollution
5. Wind Direction
Wind vane is used to measure the wind direction and wind
direction fluctuation.
Determines downward geometry
6. Atmospheric
Stability Condition
Determined from surface observations on wind
speed, cloud cover and solar radiations
Determines plume spread associated with turbulent motions in the atmosphere
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The Meteorological data were collected for Ahmedabad district from Book
“Climate of Gujarat” published by Indian Metrological Department,
Government Of India – 1995 for Temperature, Humidity, Rainfall, Wind direction,
Wind Speed, & Cloudiness. The summary of these parameters are given in Table
3.5 & represented in Graph 3.1(A) to 3.1(E).
Whole season of one year was divided in four sub season as Cold season, form
December to February is followed by the hot season from March to May, while
period form June to September is Monsoon and October to November is Post
monsoon for the study of climates of this district.
Table – 3.5: Summary of Meteorological Parameters
Temp (oC) Wind Direction Humidity
(%) Cloudiness
(Okta) Month
max min M E M E M E
Avg. Wind
Speed (m/Sec)
Rainfall Average
(MM)
January 28.7 11.9 NE NW/NE 55 28 1.3 1.5 1.50 1.4
February 31.0 14.5 NE NW/W 52 24 1.3 1.3 1.42 0.9
March 35.7 18.6 NW NW/W 47 20 1.3 1.4 2.03 1.5
April 39.7 23.0 NW W/NW 49 18 1.3 1.5 2.17 1.3
May 40.7 26.3 SW/W/NW W/SW 68 21 1.8 1.3 2.64 6.2
June 38.0 27.4 SW SW 77 41 4.8 3.9 3.00 77.3
July 33.2 25.7 SW SW/W 86 68 6.9 6.7 3.00 250.3
August 31.8 24.6 SW SW/W 84 69 6.9 6.5 2.31 156.8
September 33.1 24.2 W/NW W/SW 80 60 4.6 4.3 1.94 188.5
October 35.6 21.6 C/NE C/NE 64 35 1.6 1.8 1.28 12.4
November 33.0 16.1 NE/E NE/E 52 29 1.2 1.3 1.44 4.3
December 29.6 12.6 NE NE/NW 56 29 1.3 1.4 0.72 1.1
ANNUAL 34.2 20.5 SW/W W/SW 64 37 2.9 2.7 1.92 702.0
Note : M = Morning , E= Evening
Courtesy : Climate of Gujarat, Government Of India; Indian Metrological Department-1995
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Graph – 3.1(A): Variation of Temperature
010203040
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Month
Tem
pera
ture
o CMax. Temp
Min. Temp.
Graph – 3.1(B): Variation of Relative Humidity
0102030405060708090
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep Oct
Nov
Dec
Month
Hum
idity
, %
Morn. HumidityEve. Humidity.
Graph – 3.1(C): Variation of Average Wind Sped
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Ju
n
Jul
Aug
Sep Oct
Nov
Dec
Month
Avg
. Win
d Sp
eed,
m/s
ec
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Graph – 3.1(D): Variation of Average Rain Fall
050
100150200250300
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Ju
n
Jul
Aug
Sep Oct
Nov
Dec
Month
Avg
.Rai
n fa
ll,m
m
Graph – 3.1(E): Variation of Cloudiness
0
2
4
6
8
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Month
Clo
udin
ess
Morn.CloudinessEve. Cloudiness.
3.3.1 Temperature
March to May is a period of continuous increase in temperatures. May is
generally the hottest month; the mean daily maximum temperature being
40.7oC & mean daily minimum temperature is 26.3oC.
The day temperature in April is nearly as highly as in May; the maximum
temperature was observed above 40.7oC during the summer season as hottest
day. January is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature
28.7.1oC and mean daily minimum temperature 11.9oC.
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The highest maximum temperature recorded was 40.7oC in May and lowest
minimum temperature recorded was 11.9oC in January.
3.3.2 Humidity
Humidity is usually high during the monsoon months, generally exceeding 70
percent. Humidity decreases during the post monsoon months. The driest part of
the year is the period of December to April when the relative humidity’s are less
then 30 percent mainly in the afternoon period.
In the morning, Maximum relative humidity observed is 86 percent in the month
of July & minimum relative humidity observed is 47 percent in the month of
February and November. In the evening, Maximum relative humidity is observed
69 percent in the month of August and minimum relative humidity is observed 18
percent in the month Of April.
3.3.3 Cloudiness
During the southwest monsoon months, the skies are usually heavily clouded or
overcast. Cloudiness decreases during the post monsoon months. In the rest of
the year the skies are mostly clear or highly clear.
3.3.4 Wind Speed and Wind Direction
Winds blow mostly from the southwesterly or westerly direction. During the
period May to September wind blows mostly from the west or southwest. In the
next four months winds are mostly from directions between northwest and east.
In February and March winds are from directions between northwest and
northeast in the morning and between southwest and northwest in the
afternoons. In the rest of the summer season winds are from directions between
southwest and northwest. Monthly Average Maximum wind speed is observed
3.0 m/Sec in June and July and minimum in December is 0.72 m/Sec.
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3.3.5 Rainfall
The average rainfall in district is 702.0 mm. About 95 % of annual normal rainfall
is received during the monsoon season. The heaviest rainfall in 24 hr recorded at
Ahmedabad was 474.5 mm in the month of July.
Maximum rainfall is received in monsoon of July 250.3 mm, August 156.8 mm,
September 188.5 mm, and Post monsoon of October 12.4 mm and in November
4.3 mm.
3.4 MICROMETEOROLOGY
Micrometeorological data were collected from Indian Meteorological
Department, Ahmedabad for Ahmedabad observatory for the study period to
know the prevailing meteorological conditions with respect to wind speed, wind
direction & ambient temperature.
Maximum temperature observed during the study period is 40.7oC in the month
of May where as minimum temperature observed is 11.9oC in the month of
January. Maximum wind speed observed is 32.0 km/hr (8.8 m/sec) at 23.30 hr of
the day where as average wind speed varies from 14 to 32 km/hr (3.8 to 8.8
m/sec). Dominant wind direction of the study area is North-East.
The three hourly meteorology data for study period is given in Table 3.6(A) &
3.6(B) and represented in Graph 3.2(A) and 3.2(B) & wind rose diagrams
indicating wind speed & direction distribution is represented in Drawing - 3.1.
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Table – 3.6(A): Meteorological Observations for Study Period
Wind Speed, km/hr. Hours of the Day Max. Min. Avg.
Relative Humidity,
%
Cloudiness, Okta
Dominant Wind
Direction
2.30 14.00 0.00 14.00 69 0.85 N
5.30 16.00 0.00 16.00 72 0.95 NE
8.30 16.00 0.00 16.00 67 1.25 NE
11.30 22.00 0.00 22.00 43 1.07 E
14.30 20.00 0.00 20.00 34 1.74 NW/NE
17.30 20.00 0.00 20.00 38 2.02 NW
20.30 14.00 0.00 14.00 58 0.96 N/NW
23.30 32.00 0.00 32.00 63 0.90 NW/NE
Table – 3.6(B): Temperature during Study Period
Temperature, °C Month Max. Min. Avg.
Nov 33.60 15.40 20.51 Dec 33.00 11.70 22.10 Jan 32.70 9.30 20.71 Feb 32.60 12.40 23.05
Graph – 3.2(A): Variation of Temperature during Study Period
0.00
5.0010.00
15.0020.00
25.00
30.0035.00
40.00
Nov. Dec Jan Feb
Tem
pera
ture
in d
egre
e C
Max. Min. Avg.
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Graph – 3.2(B): Variation of Wind Speed during Study Period
0.005.00
10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.00
2.30
5.30
8.30
11.3
0
14.3
0
17.3
0
20.3
0
23.3
0
Hours of the Day
Win
d S
pee
d,k
m/h
r
Max. Avg.
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Drawing – 3.1 WIND ROSE DIAGRAM
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3.5 ATMOSPHERIC INVERSION LEVEL & MIXING HEIGHT
Nearest IMD station form the project site is Ahmedabad, which is about 20 km
away from the project site. Atmospheric inversion level is not recorded at any
IMD station in Gujarat including Ahmedabad. In stead of this mixing height data
has been procured for Ahmedabad the IMD station from National Data Centre,
Indian Meteorological Department, Pune for the one year. These data has been
summarized in the following Table-3.7 and used for the mathematical modeling
to calculate Ground Level Concentrations (GLC), which is discussed in the
Section – 4.3.2.
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Table -3.7: Mixing Height Data for the Study Area Jan Feb March April May June Day
Of the
Month MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E)
1. 286.6 1080.1 308.8 1022.9 323.1 3097.0 409.9 2599.1 194.0 3132.0 250.5 2030.3
2. 572.6 1462.2 345.0 2016.8 421.3 1027.0 214.1 2010.5 345.0 3133.9 485.8 3700.7
3. 476.1 1981.4 322.9 1046.4 574.7 986.4 259.8 2511.8 708.4 1540.5 196.3 2540.1
4. N.A. N.A. 236.4 1540.6 439.6 1131.6 513.6 1072.1 617.0 1522.2 N.A. N.A.
5. 349.7 1642.4 671.8 1496.6 551.9 1375.2 N.A. N.A. 418.4 1443.3 483.7 1510.6
6. 248.8 546.0 244.2 1448.9 223.6 1508.3 380.2 3700.9 421.9 2577.1 937.1 1936.3
7. 304.4 663.6 206.1 1560.6 206.6 2530.2 214.6 4391.7 352.6 2579.5 1402.6 2280.8
8. 368.5 1514.1 120.5 961.4 492.2 2135.4 1058.7 2640.5 493.0 3795.5 N.A. N.A.
9. N.A. N.A. 197.2 2576.7 210.3 3258.7 358.2 4382.5 296.7 3953.5 189.8 2055.1
10. 226.8 413.6 270.4 2019.4 322.6 3057.1 236.6 3725.9 222.2 3155.6 N.A. N.A.
11. 406.4 1007.0 208.1 1970.8 289.0 3157.9 322.3 3922.5 181.3 652.5 445.7 1975.3
12. 274.2 709.2 242.3 2066.3 357.4 3040.1 520.2 4421.7 194.9 3747.9 928.2 2147.1
13. 304.1 665.6 152.2 1952.7 335.7 2630.5 312.8 2021.0 608.4 1199.9 249.0 1959.3
14. 247.8 617.0 147.2 1961.6 306.3 2037.1 551.2 2126.5 669.5 3739.2 457.3 2068.2
15. 292.3 1183.5 171.0 2039.2 277.1 2581.6 N.A. N.A. 281.9 1451.0 1418.0 3129.9
16. 216.1 617.2 123.9 2116.0 515.1 3075.1 325.0 964.5 619.1 3820.1 N.A. N.A.
17. 197.8 499.3 319.0 637.0 361.2 1987.5 969.4 2074.7 572.7 4474.3 485.6 1028.0
18. 278.8 1499.9 348.7 1516.9 505.4 1980.5 1443.0 3094.4 598.4 1553.9 447.4 69.1
19. 370.4 2720.2 N.A. N.A. 376.2 2645.4 477.3 1486.4 939.7 2030.3 457.9 593.1
20. 287.2 2533.1 238.7 647.4 490.1 2974.5 330.6 2114.7 768.8 1564.6 223.6 115.9
21. 275.5 1107.7 304.3 1630.3 228.7 2595.2 290.2 2544.2 602.4 1509.6 389.1 1403.6
22. 263.2 1010.9 166.4 1589.6 406.0 2583.1 235.8 3132.0 1041.8 2000.6 225.0 996.5
23. 132.7 431.4 160.7 690.9 502.8 3268.7 244.0 2071.0 1227.6 2499.0 893.7 1611.1
24. 213.8 1455.4 168.9 977.9 324.9 2154.5 324.2 2571.9 493.2 1041.7 N.A N.A
25. 156.7 473.5 174.4 1011.7 284.4 2570.8 536.9 2509.6 757.9 2024.8 1486.0 2466.6
26. 245.5 2523.6 264.1 2014.4 343.9 3111.2 751.2 3769.6 581.9 2074.2 935.8 1975.2
27. 275.6 3092.6 261.6 1485.8 222.3 993.8 304.1 1431.4 504.0 1470.5 202.4 1491.0
28. 258.9 583.0 229.7 984.6 235.2 1486.1 230.0 3196.1 780.8 2589.9 247.5 416.6
29. 357.0 2067.4 -- -- 369.9 1994.7 524.8 4438.7 590.2 1571.2 247.9 1495.3
30. 386.4 1812.8 -- -- 601.0 2513.8 199.6 3762.5 289.9 1999.0 N.A. N.A.
31. 494.7 581.7 -- -- 266.7 2597.4 -- -- 190.3 1007.9 250.5 2030.3
* MIX(M) : Morning Mixing Height (in Meters) MIX(E) : Evening Mixing Height (in Meters)
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July August September October November December Day
Of the
Month MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E)
1. 1384.2 2077.7 N.A. N.A. N.A N.A 586.5 1477.2 228.9 2270.4 262.7 668.8
2. 420.0 N.A 470.3 468.7 503.1 935.3 419.7 1575.2 157.1 2020.2 182.2 1016.6
3. 329.0 671.5 298.6 267.9 N.A N.A 411.1 3140.4 323.0 2711.4 N.A N.A
4. 363.7 944.2 1038.4 521.2 N.A N.A 292.9 1473.1 383.8 2556.9 177.1 740.5
5. 1368.2 1513.4 194.9 308.2 227.1 450.0 407.7 2140.7 200.9 450.9 170.8 1470.8
6. 635.6 1069.7 474.5 1423.7 226.8 988.0 332.2 964.6 N.A. N.A. 195.4 2082.9
7. 486.6 111.7 295.9 495.8 466.3 1945.8 N.A. N.A. 355.1 2590.7 192.7 1517.9
8. 470.9 22.4 465.2 1001.9 219.2 995.9 335.6 1984.3 210.0 977.0 155.8 535.2
9. 615.1 1042.9 926.8 955.7 462.5 1525.5 169.8 373.3 262.7 2554.7 213.3 1097.5
10. 941.3 429.1 N.A. N.A. 221.1 933.6 387.9 3083.8 N.A. N.A. 250.0 990.1
11. 484.3 N.A. N.A. N.A. 189.3 1066.0 394.3 3062.9 209.2 2010.1 200.7 981.5
12. N.A N.A. 524.2 1409.3 445.3 1561.4 425.2 1566.8 164.3 1543.1 164.4 492.8
13. 449.4 540.1 508.8 1460.1 514.1 1952.0 229.4 781.8 203.1 1515.2 222.2 989.7
14. 485.4 525.1 462.2 611.9 510.1 2127.0 243.4 573.5 333.8 2756.3 N.A N.A
15. 431.2 458.3 285.0 578.6 196.5 592.4 161.2 494.9 N.A N.A 225.3 514.6
16. N.A N.A 521.3 1412.2 498.4 551.4 211.7 1488.0 314.4 2007.4 237.4 995.3
17. 427.1 200.7 509.8 1040.6 191.7 1460.4 343.9 2023.2 217.7 1006.3 226.4 724.0
18. 452.9 507.8 952.9 1493.2 215.6 966.7 224.6 978.3 N.A. N.A. 296.5 1153.6
19. 510.9 517.0 426.8 1510.2 206.5 106.9 489.0 3144.4 N.A. N.A. 285.4 1197.9
20. 570.5 1076.9 285.0 464.2 199.0 54.9 191.9 522.5 288.3 1489.2 319.3 1037.0
21. N.A N.A 297.7 618.8 165.9 146.2 314.8 2504.6 163.8 1060.0 302.9 1084.0
22. 526.5 923.6 1452.3 2457.6 481.0 954.0 206.9 2620.0 213.1 1021.1 233.8 530.7
23. 961.5 411.3 1765.8 1817.9 185.4 789.4 260.1 1511.5 N.A. N.A. 272.4 1063.0
24. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 184.6 1066.9 200.4 649.6 209.8 551.7 200.4 2027.3
25. 450.6 85.5 266.5 446.1 190.3 1460.9 201.6 3211.0 367.9 1620.4 431.1 1045.1
26. 1359.0 898.8 N.A. N.A. 248.4 1456.3 166.9 3757.8 225.6 1514.3 311.2 1479.2
27. 263.0 149.3 269.7 180.9 183.8 1521.0 556.7 3199.5 152.5 476.5 374.1 1110.3
28. N.A. N.A. 515.2 940.8 236.5 1454.8 212.7 1009.0 N.A N.A 290.8 510.3
29. 438.2 150.3 261.0 486.4 184.1 450.5 216.3 457.1 213.0 1101.5 246.7 573.3
30. N.A N.A 551.2 528.2 555.3 1953.8 2623.0 2912.9 332.9 1592.4 429.3 1158.2
31. 933.5 1963.0 251.6 572.1 -- -- 350.3 2141.2 -- -- 203.0 1206.7
* MIX(M) : Morning Mixing Height (in Meters) MIX(E) : Evening Mixing Height (in Meters)
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3.6 SELECTION OF MONITORING STATIONS
The following criteria were taken into account while deciding the location for
environmental surveillance.
Topography of the study area
Regional background
Populated and sensitive areas
Predominant wind direction
Prediction of maximum ground level concentrations and distances of their
likely occurrence as per climatologically parameters.
Based on the above criteria several locations were selected for the surveillance
of various environmental parameters viz. ambient air, ground water, soil and
noise. The details of these monitoring stations are given in Table- 3.8 and
location map of the stations is depicted in Plate 3.3. Table- 3.8: Details of Monitoring Station
Station Name Station Code
Location w.r.t Project Site
Sample Collected For *
Project Site S1 -- A, GW, N
Changodar S2 2.4 km @ 50° A, SW, GW, N
Tajpur S3 2.25 km @ 90° A, SW, GW, N
Matoda S4 4.2 km @ 245° A, GW, N
Moraiya S5 1.2 km @ 330° A, GW, N
Kolat S6 3.3 km @ 347° A, GW, N
Navapura S7 4.05 km @ 25° SW, GW
Palwada S8 3.6 km @270° GW
Vishalpur S9 5.7 km @ 96° SW
Nani Devti S10 3.9 km @ 285° SW
Moti Devti S11 3.9 km @ 320° SW
Irrigation Canal S12 5.55 km @ 90° SW
Sabarmati River S13 5.71 km @ 90° SW
National Highway (NH -8A) S14 0.3 km @ 101° N
State Highway (SH-4) S15 2.25 km @ 120° N
* A- Ambient Air, SW- Surface Water, GW- Ground Water, N- Noise
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3.7 AIR ENVIRONMENT
The ambient air quality status with respect to the specific (identified) pollutants
across the study zone of 5 km radial distance from the Project Site during
study period will form the base line information over which the predicted
impacts due to the proposed expansion can be superimposed to find out the
net (final) impacts (post-project scenario) on air environment. If the final
impacts due to the project activities are known at the planning stage of the
project, a viable Environmental Management Plan (EMP) can be prepared
based on impact assessment for the air environment. The ambient air quality
monitoring was carried out in accordance with guidelines of Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB) and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of
CPCB.
3.7.1 Frequency of Sampling & Testing Procedures
All the monitoring stations were monitored twice in a week i.e. two consecutive
days in a week, throughout the monitoring duration over the period of
November - 2009 to February – 2010 i.e. 24 samples were collected from each
station based on MoEF/CPCB guidelines. The sampling was carried out for 24
hours at each station.
The parameters determined for each sample are:
1) Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
2) Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM)
3) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
4) Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
5) Hydrogen /chloride (HCl)
The sampling and testing of ambient air quality parameters were carried out as
per relevant parts of IS: 5182. The details of testing procedures adopted are
given in Table – 3.9.
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Table – 3.9: Details of Testing Procedures
Parameter Testing Procedure
SPM Gravimetric Method Using High Volume Air Samplers (IS: 5182, Part IV, 1987)
RSPM Gravimetric Method Using Respirable Dust Sampler
SO2 Sodium Tetra Chloromercurate Method (IS: IS: 5182, Part II, 1989) NOx Westimated Colorimetric Method (IS: 5182, Part VI, 1987)
HCl Methyl Orange Titration Method (Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis 2nd Edition By APHA)
3.7.2 Ambient Air Monitoring Results
The summary of ambient air quality measured during study period is given in
Table-3.10 for different parameters and observed range of parameters have
been compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards given in
Annexure – VII or GPCB standards.
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Table – 3.10: Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results
Concentration ( µg/Nm3 ) Parameters Station
Code Min. Max. Avg. S.D 98 %tile NAAQs
S1 154 200 174 11.42 195 500
S2 128 192 152 18.41 187 200
S3 118 181 149 19.39 181 200
S4 115 152 135 10.16 152 200
S5 123 176 149 15.57 175 200
Suspended
Particulate
Matter (SPM)
S6 116 140 127 7.57 139 200
S1 61 70 55 3.96 45 100 S2 60 34 46 3.69 51 100 S3 57 45 53 3.90 40 100 S4 48 60 46 5.85 39 100 S5 33 58 39 2.93 57 100
Respirable
Suspended
Particulate
Matter (RSPM)
/ PM10 S6 39 53 40 4.76 36 100
S1 19.0 32.0 23.2 3.02 29.7 80 S2 17.0 28.0 21.0 3.28 27.1 80 S3 16.0 26.0 20.5 3.18 25.5 80 S4 14.0 21.0 17.4 2.15 21.0 80 S5 14.0 22.0 18.1 2.52 22.0 80
Sulphur
Dioxide
(SO2 )
S6 11.0 17.0 14.3 1.63 17.0 80
S1 19.0 37.0 26.0 4.84 35.6 80 S2 17.0 35.0 24.9 5.15 34.5 80 S3 17.0 32.0 24.2 4.34 32.0 80 S4 13.0 20.0 16.7 2.18 20.0 80 S5 13.0 22.0 17.4 2.72 21.5 80
Oxides Of
Nitrogen
(NOx)
S6 9.00 16.00 12.88 2.11 16.00 80
Except SPM : National Ambient Air Quality Standards published by MoEF, New Delhi vide G.S.R. 826 (E), dated 16/11/2009.
For SPM : National Ambient Air Quality Standards published by CPCB vide SO 384 (E) dated 11/04/1994.
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3.7.3 OBSERVATION
The maximum concentrations of SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx at all monitoring
locations (S1 to S6) are compared with the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) for Industrial, residential, rural and other area.
Following comments can be highlighted from the ambient air monitoring results,
The concentration of SPM at project site is in the range of 154 – 200
µg/Nm3 and at all monitoring locations other than project site is in the
range of 115 – 176 µg/Nm3 which are well below the old NAAQS
published by CPCB vide SO 384 (E) dated 11/04/1994.
The concentration of RSPM at project site is in the range of 61 – 70
µg/Nm3 and at all monitoring locations other than project site is in the
range of 33 - 60 µg/Nm3 which is well below the NAAQS for for Industrial,
residential, rural and other area.
The SO2 concentration at all the monitoring locations is in the range of
11.0 – 32.0 µg/Nm3 and it is well below the NAAQS.
The NOx at all the monitoring locations is in the range of 9.0 – 37.0
µg/Nm3. The NOx concentration all the locations are well within the
NAAQS.
3.8 WATER ENVIRONMENT
Studies on Water Environment aspects of ecosystem is important for
Environmental Impact Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take
appropriate action by maintaining ecological homeostasis in the early stages
of development of the project. Physical, chemical and biological factors
influencing water quality are so interrelated that a change in any one
parameter will change a complete network of variables. The baseline quality of
water in the region is established by analyzing the present water sources in the
study area during the period.
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3.8.1 Water Resources
The main source of water available in the study area is ground water. There is
also a surface water source of Gujarat Water Infrastructure Limited (GWIL)
which is available for the industrial purpose and also available for the drinking
purpose only for the near by villages. There are also some other surface water
sources like seasonal lake/pond in the study area but none of them is perennial
source. People are using this non-perennial surface water for domestic activities
other than the drinking purpose and hence, we have collected only a Ground
Water samples which is a perennial source of water supply.
Water samples were collected from eight locations including project site once
during the study period. The sampling and testing of water quality parameters
were carried out as per relevant IS: 2488 (Part I to V) ‘Methods for sampling and
testing of Industrial effluents’ and Standard Methods For Examination Of Water
And Wastewater Analysis published by American Public Health Association
(APHA).
3.8.2 Water Monitoring Results
The ground water quality results are depicted in Table- 3.11 which is compared
with drinking water standards IS-10500 and reproduced as Annexure – VIII.
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Table – 3.11: Water Monitoring Results for Study Area IS: 10500
Sr. No. Parameter Desir-
able
Max. Permi-ssible
S1 (GW)
S2 (GW)
S2 (SW)
S3 (GW)
S3 (SW)
S4 (GW)
S5 (GW)
S6 (GW)
S7 (GW)
S7 (SW)
S8 (GW)
S9 (SW)
S10 (SW)
S11 (SW)
S12 (SW)
S13 (SW)
1 pH 6.5 – 8.5 6.5 – 9.2 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.5 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.4
2 Temperat-ure 29 26 27 28 27 27 30 29 28 26 30 26 25 27 27 27
3 Turbidity, NTU 10 25 7 7 8 10 9 9 8 8 7 9 10 9 9 7 7 8
4 Suspended Solids -- -- 12 10 45 9 47 13 11 10 11 50 13 51 48 50 50 49
5 Dissolved Solids 500 3000 1115 1060 375 1150 425 1019 1042 1132 1056 437 1155 450 467 445 475 457
6 Total Hardness as CaCO3
300 600 498 469 250 450 241 520 545 456 460 240 529 236 238 240 240 242
7 Calcium (as Ca+2) 75 200 173 120 40 96 41.28 106 82 95 102 41.25 86 41.27 41.26 41.24 41.24 41.23
8 Magnesium (as Mg+2) 30 100 95 45 32 74 33.52 68 56 65 78 34.5 53 34.6 33.9 33.2 33.2 34.5
9 Alkalinity 200 600 20 20 170 15 173 10 15 13 12 170 15 170 171 174 174 172
10 Chlorides (as Cl-) 250 1000 752 600 172 560 180 542 520 523 556 186 541 186 185 189 189 186
11 Sulphate as SO4-2 150 400 70 100 42 72 43 90 55 66 54 51 89 40 45 42 41 47
12 Nitrates (as NO3-) 45 No
relaxation 3 4.6 BDL 4.7 BDL 4.2 4 3.9 3.8 BDL 4 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
13 Fluoride (as F-)
0.6- 1.2 1.5 0.19 0.1 -- 0.12 -- 0.13 0.2 0.2 0.14 -- 0.18 -- -- -- -- --
14 Sodium (as Na) -- -- 155 110 82 103 85 112 109 80 86 82 82 84 86 81 81 83
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IS: 10500 Sr. No. Parameter Desir-
able
Max. Permi-ssible
S1 (GW)
S2 (GW)
S2 (SW)
S3 (GW)
S3 (SW)
S4 (GW)
S5 (GW)
S6 (GW)
S7 (GW)
S7 (SW)
S8 (GW)
S9 (SW)
S10 (SW)
S11 (SW)
S12 (SW)
S13 (SW)
15 Potassium (as K) -- -- 6 8 6 5 5 8 7 7 8 6 9 6 6 5 5 5
16 Iron (as Fe) 0.3 1 0.17 0.32 BDL 0.24 -- 0.4 0.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- BDL
17 Salinity -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
18 Total Nitrogen -- -- 0.09 0.1 0.05 0.09 0.052 0.08 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.055 0.08 0.058 0.054 0.053 0.053 0.056
19 Phenolic compound 0.001 0.002 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
20 COD -- -- 10 14 15 17 14 16 12 13 15 18 20 21 25 20 16 24
21 BOD -- -- <3 <3 <3 <4 <4 <5 <5 <4 <4 <5 <3 <4 <4 5.4 6.1 4.7
22 Chromium (as Cr+6) 0.05 No relax-
ation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
23 Copper (as Cu) 0.05 1.5 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
24 Lead (Pb) 0.1 No relax-ation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
25 Zinc (as Zn) 5 15 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
All units are expressed in mg/l except pH, Temperature and Turbidity
BDL: Below Detectable Limit
GW: Ground Water, SW: Surface Water
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3.8.3 Quality of Water
The following comments are derived based on water monitoring results,
1) At the project the site the water supply is from New Ahmedabad Industrial
Estate water supply system and the quality of water is analyzed which shows
that all the parameters are well below the desirable limit.
2) The pH for water sample is found to be in the range of 7.3-7.8 during the
monitoring period, which is in the range of desirable limit.
3) The TDS concentration for ground water samples at the project site is 1115
mg/l and at other than the project site is in the range of 1042-1155 mg/l,
which is higher compared to desirable level of 500 mg/L. However, the TDS
concentrations are well below the maximum permissible level of 3000 mg/L.
4) The TDS concentration for surface water samples ranges from 375-475 mg/l,
which is well below the desirable level of 500 mg/L.
5) The total hardness found is in the range of 456-545 mg/l for ground water
samples. The total hardness at some locations is higher compared to
desirable level of 300 mg/l. However, it is lower compared to maximum
permissible level of 600 mg/l and hence can be used for drinking purpose in
absence of any other alternate source.
6) The chloride concentration for water sample is in the range of 172-600 mg/l,
which is well below the maximum permissible level of 1000 mg/L.
7) The Sulphate concentration for water sample is in the range of 41-100 mg/l,
which is well within desirable limits.
8) The mineral such as iron is well below the maximum permissible limits of 1
mg/l.
9) The concentration of Phenolic compounds, copper, chromium, Zinc and
lead at all the location is in the range of BDL. Hence it can be used for
drinking water in absence of alternate source of water.
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3.9 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of
frequency. Noise in general is sound which is composed of many frequency
components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency range.
Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number,
the response of an average human being to a complex sound made up of
various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and heavily
favored of this scale is the weighted decibel (dBA). This scale has been
designed to weigh the various components of noise according to the response
of the human ear.
The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on
characteristics of the noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in
nature). It is well known that a steady noise is not as annoying as one that is
continuously varying in loudness. The time of day at which noise occurs, for
example loud noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable
because of sleep disturbance. The location of the noise source, with respect to
noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of noise
exposure. The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying
from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness
of noise levels. The objective of the noise pollution survey around the project site
was to identify the existing noise sources and to measure the background noise
levels.
The noise monitoring was carried out at eight locations including six monitoring
locations and two locations at National Highway No. 8 and at SH-13 to measure
ambient noise levels. The monitoring was carried out at NH and SH to find out
the impact on noise due to vehicular traffic. The noise monitoring work was
carried out at the above locations, with the monitoring frequency of once
during the study period for a period of about 60 minutes during daytime and
nighttime.
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3.9.1 Noise Monitoring Results
The range of noise levels at various locations in the study area is given in Table-
3.12 and a noise standard recommended by CPCB is given in Annexure –IX.
Table – 3.12: Noise Monitoring Results for Study Area
Noise Level (dBA), Noise Level (dBA), Ambient Noise Standards (dBA),
Day Time Night Time Station
Code
Name of
Location Min Max Leq Min Max Leq
Day Time
Night Time
Category of Area
S1 Project Site 50.6 76.3 63.4 42.2 63.3 59.2 75 70 Industrial Area
S2 Changodar 52.3 57.5 54.6 41.4 43.5 42.4 55 45 Residential Area
S3 Tajpur 49.2 52.8 52.7 42.6 46.7 44.6 55 45 Residential Area
S4 Matoda 49.8 54.0 50.9 39.2 43.9 40.2 55 45 Residential Area
S5 Moraiya 47.5 51.9 49.7 38.6 42.1 41.6 55 45 Residential Area
S6 Kolat 48.3 52.5 53.7 36.6 40.3 38.6 55 45 Residential Area
S14 National Highway (NH -8A)
74.9 78.2 76.5 59.8 62.3 61.1 75 70 Industrial Area
S15 State
Highway (SH-4)
61.4 66.9 64.1 53.4 57.1 55.3 65 55 Commercial Area
Notes: 1. Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.
2. Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.
* Ambient Noise Standards published by MoEF, New Delhi vide Notification SO.123(E) dated 14/02/2000, Noise Pollution (Regulation And Control) Rules, 2000 under EPA '86
Noise level monitoring was also carried out with in the plant premises during the
study period and the results are given in the following Table-3.13.
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Table – 3.13: Noise Monitoring Results for Plant Area Noise Level (dBA), Noise Level (dBA),
Day Time Night Time Name of Location
Min Max Leq Min Max Leq
Security Gate 72.6 66.9 69.8 60.5 65.4 62.5
Near Admin. Building 64.3 69.6 67.2 55.2 60.2 58.3
Thermic Fluid Heater 78.5 81.2 80.2 72.6 80.3 76.5
Diphyl Storage Tank 73.3 78.5 76.4 67.5 72.6 70.5
Reaction & Distillation Plant (Ground Floor) 70.5 75.6 72.6 67.8 75.6 70.9
3.9.2 Comments
• The ambient noise levels (Leq) measured at project site is 63.4 and 59.2
during daytime and nighttime respectively which is well below the noise level
standard prescribe by GPCB/CPCB.
• The noise levels (Leq) measured at all other monitoring location (S2 to S6) is in
the range of 49.7 – 54.6 and 38.6 – 44.6 during daytime and nighttime
respectively which is well below the noise level standard prescribe by CPCB.
• The noise level (Leq) at National highway No.8A (S14) and State Highway - 4
(S15) nearer to project site is higher because of heavy vehicular traffic both
during day and during nighttime it is within the limit.
• Assessment of existing noise level within premises revealed that adequate
control measures are taken by the industries to control the noise within the
plant premises and monitoring data also shows that noise within the industrial
premise is well below compare to noise level standard given by OSHA to
avoid noise damage to workers.
3.10 LAND USE PATTERN
Land cover inventories form an essential component in land resource
evaluation and environmental studies. The pattern and transformations of land
use / land cover is more pronounced in urban areas, mining areas, along
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transportation networks and many more. Land use in general, shows the human
beings activities on land, whereas the word land cover indicates the
vegetation, agricultural and artificial man made structures covering the land
surfaces.
Identification of land uses and land cover, in the vicinity of any developmental
activity is one of the most important components for a rapid environmental
impact assessment, which would help determine the impact of the project
developmental activities on the land use pattern.
To determine the baseline land use pattern at and around the project site, the
required data have been obtained from published government records i.e.
Census Handbook of District Ahmedabad (2001) issued by the State
Government covering Sanand and Daskroi Taluka.
The major land use classification of the study area is placed into forest, irrigated
by source, unirrigated land, Culturable wasteland and area not available for
cultivation. The land use pattern of this part of study area is as given in Table –
3.14 and graphical presentation is shown in Graph – 3.3.
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Table – 3.14: Land Use Pattern of the Study Area
Area under Different Types of Land use in Hectors
Taluka Villages Forest Area
Irrigated by
source Unirrigated Culturable
Waste
Area not available
for cultivation
Total Area
Navapura 0.00 110.60 204.10 32.20 71.20 418.1
Changodar 0.00 214.80 25.00 384.40 80.40 704.6
Tajpur 0.00 482.60 3.20 11.10 55.50 552.4 Vasna
Chacharavadi 0.00 905.60 115.80 106.40 10.70 1,138.5
Matoda 0.00 380.00 2.00 92.80 87.20 562.0
Sari 0.00 575.00 7.00 39.40 63.60 685.0 Kolat 0.00 460.00 290.00 153.30 0.00 903.3
Palwada 0.00 450.00 0.00 58.10 0.20 508.3 Moraiya 0.00 260.00 215.00 623.90 198.00 1,296.9
Nani Devti 0.00 250.00 0.00 69.10 61.00 380.1
Sanad
Moti Devti 0.00 656.00 0.00 45.20 50.10 751.3 Bhat 0.00 1013.00 0.00 129.70 99.50 1,242.2
Visalpur 0.00 160.00 5.60 7.00 21.70 194.3 Daskroi Mota
Chhapara/ Kasindra
0.00 1314.90 209.70 256.80 242.50 2,023.9
Total 0.00 7232.50 1077.40 2009.40 1041.60 11360.90 Percentage 0.00 63.66 9.48 17.69 9.17 100.00
Graph 3.3: Land use pattern(0-5 km)
Culturable Waste17.69 %
Unrrigated 9.48 %
Area not available for
cultivation9.17 %
Irrigated By Source63.66 %
Forest Area0.00%
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3.10.1 Cropping Pattern
The cropping pattern in the study area can be analyzed by the data of
cultivation pattern in Ahmedabad district. The name of crops and area for
different crops in the district is given in Table – 3.15.
Table – 3.15: Details of Crops Cultivated in Study Area
Area ( In’ 00 Hectares) 2001 Census Sr. No.
Crop 1993 - 94 1997 - 98
1. Paddy 672 732
2. Wheat 774 1015
3. Bajri 414 337
4. Jowar 401 -
5. Other cereals 22 16
6. Gram 103 171
7. Other pulses 97 81
8. Sugarcane 7 7
9. Groundnut 2 2
10. Cotton 1503 1606
3.10.2 Observations
The distribution of land within 5 km radius of the project site constitute of
irrigated land (63.66%), Unirrigated land (9.48 %), culturable waste (17.69 %),
area not available for cultivation (9.17%) and forest area (0.00%).
The land area of @ 36.34 % is Unirrigated, culturable waste and area not
available for cultivation, so people of the study area depends on industrial
activities for their livelihood.
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3.11 ECOLOGY
Producer, consumer and decomposer govern whole cycle of ecology. Plant
and animal both are interdependent to each other. Producer is necessary for
each consumer. Plant plays their role in ecology as producer. Plant, animals
and microorganism together with the environment in which they live make of
an independent unit called the Eco system.
Ecology in essence is the study of the living and non-living components,
interaction of community and the environment and exchange of material
(energy and nutrient) between living and non-living parts. A community
includes all organisms in the given area interacting with the abiotic
environment. Due to the geographic location and climatic conditions of
Gujarat, flora and fauna are not monotonous in nature.
3.11.1 Flora
There is no forest land in a study area. A floral enlistment of trees, herbs and
agricultural crops with their scientific names, common names and the family to
which they belong are presented in a tabular format as Table: 3.16.
Table- 3.16: Floral Species in Ahmedabad District
Sr. No. Family Botanical Name Common Name
A. Trees
1 Alangiaceae Alangium lamarki Ankol
2 Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Keri
3 Annonaceae Annona squamosa Sitaphal
4 Annonaceae Polyalthia longifolia Asopalav
5 Apocynaceae Alstonical scholaris Saptaparni
6 Apocynaceae Plumeria rubra Champo
7 Arecaceae Cocos nucifera Nariel
8 Arecaceae Phoenix sylvestris Khajuri
9 Arecaceae Roystonea regia Royal palm
10 Bignoniaceae Kialia pinnata Nani padar
11 Bignoniaceae Tecoma starts -
12 Bignoniaceae Tecoma undulata Ragat Roydo
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Sr. No. Family Botanical Name Common Name
13 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia racemosa Asotri
14 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia fistula Amaltas
15 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia siamea -
16 Caesalpiniaceae Delonix elata Sandsro
17 Caesalpiniaceae Delonix regia Gulmohar
18 Caesalpiniaceae Parkin sonia aculata Pardesi baval
19 Caesalpiniaceae Peltophorum ferruginium -
20 Caesalpiniaceae Peltophorum
pterocarpum Tamrafali
21 Caesalpiniaceae Tamarindus indica Amli
22 Cariaceae Carica papya Papaya
23 Casuarinaceae Casuarina
equisetifolia Saru
24 Celastraceae Gymnospoiria
montana Viklo
25 Combretaceae Anogeissus latifolia Dhavado
26 Combretaceae Terminalia catappa Desi Badam
27 Ebenaceae Disporia montana Dheki
28 Ehretiaceae Cordia dichotoma Vad Gundo
29 Ehretiaceae Cordia rothii Nani Gundi
30 Ehretiaceae Ehretia laevis Vadhvediya
31 Euphorbiaceae Emblica offincinails Amla
32 Fabaceae Butea monosperma Khakhro
33 Fabaceae Dalbergia sisso Sissoo
34 Fabaceae Pongamia pinnata Karanj
35 Flacourtiaceae Casiaria tomentosa Umbh
36 Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Limdo
37 Meliaceae Melia azedarach Bakan Limdo
38 Mimosaceae Acacia catechu Khair
39 Mimosaceae Acacia leucophea Aniyar
40 Mimosaceae Acacia nilotica Baval
41 Mimosaceae Acacia senegal Gorad
42 Mimosaceae Alblzla lebbeck Kalosaras
43 Mimosaceae Leucena latisiliqu a Pardeshi Baval
44 Mimosaceae Pithecellobium dulce Goras Amli
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Sr. No. Family Botanical Name Common Name
45 Mimosaceae Prosopis cineraria Khijado
46 Mimosaceae Prosopis juliflora Gando Baval
47 Mimosaceae Sarnanea sam an Rato Sarasdo
48 Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Vad
49 Moraceae Reus glomerata Gular
50 Moraceae Ficus in fectoria Pipal
51 Moraceae Ficus racemosa Umbar
52 Moraceae Ficus religiosa Piplo
53 Moraceae Ficus Wrens Pipli
54 Moraceae Morus alba Shetur
55 Moringaceae Moringa concanensis Jungli Saragvo
56 Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Saragvo
57 Moringaceae Moringa pterygosperma Saragvo
58 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus globulus Nilgiri
59 Myrtaceae Syzygium cumini Jamun
60 Poaceae Dendrocalamus strictus Vans
61 Rhamnaceae Zizyphus mauritiana Bar
62 Rhamnaceae Zizyphus jujuba Bordi
63 Salvadoraceae Salvadora oleioides Pilvo
64 Salvadoraceae Salvadora persica Pilvo
65 Sapotaceae Madhuca latifolia Mahuda
66 Sapotaceae Mimusops hexandra Rayan
67 Sapotaceae Mimusops indica Bakul
68 Simaroubaceae Ailanthus excelsa Rukhdo
69 Urticaceae Holoprelea integrifolia Kanjo
70 Urticaceae Streblus asper Harero
B. Shrubs and Climbers
1 Acanthaceae Adhathoda vasica Ardusi
2 Amaranthaceae Achyranthus aspers Aghedo
3 Apocynaceae Carissa carandas Kerdo
4 Apocynaceae Holarrhena
antidysenterica Kado
5 Asclepiadaceae Calotropis gigantea Akdo
6 Asclepiadaceae Calotropis procera Nano Akado
7 Asclepiadaceae Daemia extensa Chamar Dudheli
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Sr. No. Family Botanical Name Common Name
8 Balanitaceae Balanites roxburghi Ingor
9 Balanitaceae Cammiphora mukul Gugal, Mukul
10 Caesalpiniaceae Casesalpinia orista Kachko
11 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia auriculata Aval
12 Caesalpiniaceae Cassiatora Pumvadio
13 Capparaceae Capparis aphyJla Kerdo
14 Capparidaceae Capparis sepiaria Kanthar
15 Celastraceae Gymnosporia spindosa Viko
16 Convolvulaceae Cuscuta reflexa Amarvel
17 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea fistulosa Nafatio
18 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia n erifolia Thor
19 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia tirucalli Kharsani
20 Euphorbiaceae Jatropha cureas Ratanjyot
21 Euphorbiaceae Phylanthus reticulata Kamboi
22 Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis Divel
23 Fabaceae Canavalia ensiformis Abbo
24 Lythraceae Lawsonia inermis Mendi
25 Menispermaceae Cocculus vilssus Vevdi
26 Mimosaceae Dichrostchys cinerea Madhan
27 Oleaceae Nyctanthes arboristris Tarbot
28 Rhamnaceae Zizyphus numularia Chanibor
29 Rhamnaceae Zizyphus rotundifoJia Chani Bar
30 Tamaricaceae Tamarix ericoides -
31 Verbenaceae Clerodendron
phlomoides Aranji
32 Verbenaceae Lantana camara Lantana
C. Herbs
1 Acanthaceae Hygrophila auriculata Kantashelio
2 Acanthaceae Peristrophe bicalyculata Adhedi
3 Alismataceae Limnophyton
obtusifoJium -
4 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera Aghedi
5 Amaranthaceae Amva lanata Gorakh ganjo
6 Amaranthaceae AmarCinthus spinosus -
7 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis -
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Sr. No. Family Botanical Name Common Name
8 Asteraceae Blumea mollis Bhutaco
9 Asteraceae Gnaphalium indicum Phulvo
10 Asteraceae Grangea
maderaspatana Zinki Mundi
11 Asteraceae Parthenium
hysterophorus -
12 Asteraceae Sphaeranthus indicus Gorakh mundi
13 Asteraceae Xanthium strumarium Gadariyu
14 Boranginaceae Coldenia procumbens Okharad
15 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia occidentalis Sundro
16 Capparaceae Cadaba indica lelio Hemkand
17 Convolvulaceae Cressa cretica Rudanti
18 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea aquatica Nali ni Bhaji
19 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia nirla -
20 Euphorbiaceae Phyllathus fraternus Bhonya Amli
21 Fabaceae Tephrosia purpurea Sarpankho
22 Gentianaceae Limnanthemum indicum -
23 Lamiaceae Ocimum canum Ran lulsi
24 Malvaceae Abutilon indicum Khapat
25 Molluginaceae Mo lugo hirta Mitho Okharad
26 Molluginaceae MoJlugo oppositifolia Kadvo Okharad
27 Nyctaginaceae Boerhaavia diffusa Satodi
28 Nyctaginaceae Boerhaavia verticilata Zeri Satodo
29 Nymphaeaceae Nympnaea pubescens Poyana
30 Papaveraceae Argemone mexicana Darudi
31 Poaceae Apluda mutia -
32 Poaceae Chloris barbata Mindadiu
33 Poaceae CynoJdon dactylon Dabh
34 Poaceae Themda quadrivalvis -
35 Scrophulariaceae Bacopa monneiri Jalnaveri
36 Solanaceae Datura metel Dhaturo
37 Solanaceae Solanum nigrum Piludi 38 Solanaceae Solanum indicum Ubhi Ringni
39 Solanaceae Solanum Bhoyringni 40 lyphaceae Typha angustata Ramban
41 Verbenaceae Phyla nodifJora Ratvelio
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3.11.2 Fauna
The area supports varied habitats viz. open space, scrub-land, agricultural
fields, wetlands and human settlements. A faunal enlisting of invertebrates,
mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians with their scientific names and
common names is presented in Table 3.17.
Table- 3.17: Endangered Species of Flora in Ahmedabad District
Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name
A. Insects
1 Ant Lion Myrmeleo sp.
2 Beetle Mylabris sp.
3 Black Ant Pheidole sp.
4 Black Ant Camponotus compressus
5 Bumble Bee Bombus sp,
6 Carpenter bee Xylocopa aestl:Jans
7 Ceruline Butterfly -
8 Cockroach Blatta germanica
9 Comb-Footed Spider Theridion manjithar
10 Common Castor Butterfly Ariadne merione merione
11 Common crow Butterfly Euploea core
12 Common Evening Brown Butterfly Melanitis leda leda
13 Common Grass Y~lInw Butterfly Eurema hecabe simulata
14 Common grass yellow Butterfly -
15 Common jezebel Butterfly Delias eucharis
16 Common rose Butterfly -
17 Common Two-tail Spider Hersilia sp,
18 Common wonderer Butterfly -
19 Crevice Spider Filistata sp.
20 Crimson rose Butterfly Pachliopta hector
21 Danaid Egg Butterfly Hypolimans misippus
22 Dragon Fly Orthetrum sp
23 Field Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus
24 Garden Spider Argiope aemula
25 Grasshopper Conocephalus sp
26 Ground cricket Neombius sp
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Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name
27 Ground Spider Drassodes gujaratensis
28 Honey Bee Apisindica
29 House Cricket Acheta domesticus
30 House Cricket Gryllus domesticus
31 House Fly Musca domestica
32 Jumping spider Marpissa sp.
33 Lime Butterfly Papilio demoles
34 Mole cricket Gryllotalpa africana
35 Mosquito Anopheles sp.
36 Mosquito Culex sp
37 Pigmy Locust Acridium sp.
38 Plain tiger tiunerfly Danaus chrysippus
39 Plant Bug Dysdercus sp.
40 Potter wasp Eumenes petilata
41 Red Ant Oecophylla smargdina
42 Sac Spider Clubiona drassodes
43 Sac Spider Oedignatha sp.
44 Striped tiger Butterfly Danaus genutia
45 'Termite Microtermes sp.
46 Tree Cricket Oecanthus indicus
47 Wasp Icaria sp.
48 Wasp Vespa sp:
49 Water Stider Gerris spinole
50 Yellow orange tip Butterfly lxias pyrene
51 Zebra Butterfly -
B. Amphibians
1. Indian Pond Frog Euphlyctis hexadactylus
2. Commor Indian Tuad Bufo melanostictus
3. Green Toad Bufo viridis
C. Reptiles
1. Cobra Naja naja
2. Fan Throated Lizard Sitana ponticefiiana
3. Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor
4. Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis
5. Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus
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Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name
6. Red Sand Boa Eryx johnii
7. Skink Mabuya carinata
8. Uropeltid snake Uropeltis ocellalus
9. Wall Lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis
D. Birds
1. Ashy wren warbler Prinia socialis Stewart/
2. Ashycrown finch lark Eremopterix grisea
3. Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus
4. Black drongo Dicrurus adsimilis
5. Black Ibis Pseudibid papi losa
6. Blackwinged Kite Elanus caeruleus
7. Blackwinged Stilt Himantopus himantopus
8. Blue Rock Pigeon Columba IIvia
9. Cattle Egret Bulbulcus ibis
10. Common babbler Turdoides caudatus
11. Common Bustard-quail Turnix suscitator
12. Common Kinnfic;her Alcedo atthis
13. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis
14. Common Peafowl Pavo cristatus
15. Common Sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos
16. Coot Fulica atra
17. Crow-pheasant Centropus sinensis
18. Golden oriol Oriolus oriolus
19. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea
20. Grey Partridge Francolinus pondicerianus
21. Grey shrike Lanius excubitor
22. House Crow Corvus splendens
23. House Sparrow Passer domesticus
24. House Swallow Hirundo rustica
25. House swift Apus affinis
26. Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata
27. Indian Roller Coracias bengh alen sis
28. Indian White Backed Vulture Gyps benghalensis
29. Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus
30. Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos
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Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name
31. Koel Edynamys scolopacea
32. Large Egret Ardea alba
33. Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger
34. Little Egret Egretta garzetta
35. Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis
36. Openbill Stork Anastomus oscitans
37. Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala
38. Pariah Kite Milvus migrans gpvinda
39. Pond heron Ardeola gray i
40. Purple rumped sunbird Nectarinia zeylonica
41. Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica
42. Red Turtle Dove Streptoplia tranquebarica
43. Red vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer
44. Red Wattled Lapwing Vane Ius indicus
45. Roseringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri
46. Roufous backed shirke Lanius schach
47. Sarus Crane Grus antigone
48. Shikra Accipter badius
49. Small Green Bee-Eater Merops orientalis
50. Smaller Egret Egretta intermedia
51. Sparow Hawk Accipiter nisus
52. Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia
53. Spoted owlet Athene brama
54. Spotted dove Steptopedila chinensis
55. Tailer bird Orthotomus sutorius
56. White Breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrensis
57. White Cheeked Bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys
58. White Ibis Threskiornis aethiopica
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3.11.3 Comments
The details of flora and fauna species in the district, which has been collected
and depicted in the above tables, indicate that there are no rare or
endangered species found in the study area.
3.12 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The assessment of socio economic environment forms an integral part of an EIA
study. This section includes the present status of the socio-economic
environment in the study area. To determine the baseline socio-economic
pattern, at and around the project site, the required data have been obtained
from Published data i.e. District Census Handbook of District Ahmedabad;
issued by the State Government covering Taluka Daskroi and Sanand. Socio-
economic base line data were collected for the following three major
indicators:
1. Demographic Structure (District Census Handbook, 2001)
2. Economic Structure (District Census Handbook_CD, 2001)
3. Availability of Basic Amenities (District Census Handbook, 2001)
The major demographic and economic structure classification of the remaining
study area is placed into Population, Literacy Rate and workers details.
3.12.1 Demographic Structure
The population details and literacy rate of villages of the study area has been
given in Table - 3.18 and Table – 3.19 respectively. The population pattern and
literacy rate are shown in Graph – 3.4 (A) and (B) respectively.
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Table - 3.18: Details of Population
Population Taluka Villages House-
hold Male Female Total Area (ha)
Area (sq
km.)
Population density
per sq km. Navapura 587 1556 1449 3005 418.10 4.18 718.73
Changodar 679 1700 1544 3244 704.60 7.05 460.40
Tajpur 239 601 568 1169 552.40 5.52 211.62 Vasna
Chacharavadi 485 1177 1061 2238 1,138.50 11.39 196.57
Matoda 341 969 887 1856 562.00 5.62 330.25
Sari 318 876 856 1732 685.00 6.85 252.85
Kolat 654 1748 1608 3356 903.30 9.03 371.53
Palwada 296 847 821 1668 508.30 5.08 328.15
Moraiya 768 1977 1717 3694 1,296.90 12.97 284.83
Nani Devti 381 1058 929 1987 380.10 3.80 522.76
Sanand
Moti Devti 425 1185 1131 2316 751.30 7.51 308.27
Bhat 987 2638 2473 5111 1,242.20 12.42 411.45
Visalpur 775 2025 1797 3822 194.30 1.94 1967.06 Daskroi
Mota Chhapara/
Kasindra 1444 3611 3357 6968 2,023.90 20.24 344.29
Total 8379 21968 20198 42166 11360.90 113.61 6708.75
Graph.3.4(A): Details of Population Density
0100200300400500600700800900
10001100120013001400150016001700180019002000
Na
vap
ura
Cha
ngo
da
r
Tajp
ur
Va
sna
Cha
cha
rava
di
Ma
tod
a
Sari
Kola
t
Palw
ad
a
Mo
raiy
a
Na
ni D
evti
Mo
ti D
evti
Bha
t
Visa
lpur
Mo
taC
hha
pa
ra/
Popu
latio
n De
nsity
(per
sq.
Km.)
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Table - 3.19: Details of Literates in the Study Area
Literates Taluka Villages Total
Population Male Female Total Literacy Rate %
Navapura 3005 1056 636 1692 56.31
Changodar 3244 996 519 1515 46.70
Tajpur 1169 420 243 663 56.72
Vasna Chacharavadi 2238 871 568 1439 64.30
Matoda 1856 595 236 831 44.77
Sari 1732 629 340 969 55.95
Kolat 3356 1002 547 1549 46.16
Palwada 1668 591 311 902 54.08
Moraiya 3694 1320 796 2116 57.28
Nani Devti 1987 731 422 1153 58.03
Sanand
Moti Devti 2316 760 484 1244 53.71
Bhat 5111 1694 1057 2751 53.83
Visalpur 3822 1492 925 2417 63.24 Daskroi Mota Chhapara/
Kasindra 6968 2328 1313 3641 52.25
Total 42166 14485 8397 22882 763.31
Graph.3.4(B): Details of Literacy Rate
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
Nav
apur
a
Cha
ngod
ar
Tajp
ur
Vasn
aC
hach
arav
adi
Mat
oda
Sari
Kola
t
Palw
ada
Mor
aiya
Nan
i Dev
ti
Mot
i Dev
ti
Bhat
Visa
lpur
Mot
aC
hhap
ara/
Liter
acy
Rate
(%)
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3.12.2 Economic Structure
Economic aspects of the study area include the economical structure of the
people of the surrounding area. It can be predicted that economic structure of
the study area will be improved with time, because it consists large industrial
estate and hence there are more employment opportunities. The geographical
location, natural resources, business and employment, industries and
manpower play vital role in the economic development of any region. The
population can be divided into two groups in terms of employment:
• Workers and
• Non-workers
Workers are further categorized into Main workers and Marginal workers.
Main worker: A person who has worked last year for six months or more.
Marginal worker: A person who has worked last year for less than six months.
Non-worker: A worker who did not work at all during the reference period of
one year.
Distribution of main workers, marginal workers and non-workers of total
population is presented in Table 3.20 (A) and % distribution of each category is
shown in Graph – 3.5(A).
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Table – 3.20(A) Distributions of Workers in the Study Area
Main Workers
Marginal Workers
Non Workers
Taluka Village Population Total % Total % Total %
Employ-ment Ratio (%)
Navapura 3005 1034 34.4 447 14.9 1524 50.7 49.3
Changodar 3244 1481 45.7 252 7.8 1511 46.6 53.4
Tajpur 1169 391 33.4 114 9.8 664 56.8 43.2 Vasna
Chacharavadi 2238 793 35.4 173 7.7 1272 56.8 43.2
Matoda 1856 598 32.2 269 14.5 989 53.3 46.7
Sari 1732 755 43.6 315 18.2 662 38.2 61.8
Kolat 3356 1027 30.6 217 6.5 2112 62.9 37.1
Palwada 1668 1023 61.3 13 0.8 632 37.9 62.1
Moraiya 3694 1103 29.9 302 8.2 2289 62.0 38.0
Nani Devti 1987 986 49.6 74 3.7 927 46.7 53.3
Sanand
Moti Devti 2316 747 32.3 307 13.3 1262 54.5 45.5
Bhat 5111 1740 34.0 125 2.4 3246 63.5 36.5
Visalpur 3822 1222 32.0 309 8.1 2291 59.9 40.1 Daskroi
Mota Chhapara/
Kasindra 6968 277 4.0 220 3.2 4093 58.7 41.3
Total 42166 13177 498.42 3137 118.89 23474 748.56 651.44
Graph.3.5(A):Distribution of workers and non-workers
Main Workers31.25 %
Marginal Workers7.44 %
Non Workers55.67%
Main Workers Marginal Workers Non Workers
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Main workers and marginal workers can be divided into further four categories:
Cultivators
Agricultural Labours
Household industry
Other workers
Cultivator: A person who has been engaged either as an employer, single
worker or family worker in cultivation of under noted crops on land owned or
held from Government or private persons or institutions for payment in money,
kind or share in cultivation including supervision of direction of cultivation.
Agricultural labours: A person who works in another person’s land for wages in
cash/kind or share crop is regarded as an Agricultural laborer.
Household industry: An industry conducted by one or more members of the
household at home or within the village in rural areas and within the precincts of
the houses where the household lives in urban areas. It should b smaller than the
scale of a registered factory and should be engaged in manufacturing,
processing, servicing and repairs of goods.
Other Workers: All workers, i.e., those who have been engaged in some
economic activity during the last one year, but are not cultivators or agricultural
labourers or in Household Industry, are 'Other Workers (OW)'. The type of workers
that come under this category of 'OW' include all government servants,
municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those
engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction,
political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those
workers other than cultivators or agricultural laborers or household industry
workers are 'Other Workers'. Distribution of main workers and marginal workers in
sub categories is presented in Table-3.20 (B) and % distribution of each
category is shown in Graph – 3.5(B).
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Table – 3.20(B) Distributions of Workers in each category
Main Workers Marginal Workers
Taluka Village
Cul
tivat
ors
Agr
icul
tur
al la
bour
s
Hous
ehol
d In
dust
ry
Oth
ers
Cul
tivat
ors
Agr
icul
tur
al la
bour
s
Hous
ehol
d In
dust
ry
Oth
ers
Navapura 193 303 74 464 56 276 20 95 Changodar 206 528 30 717 29 162 2 59
Tajpur 121 4 0 266 0 112 1 1 Vasna
Chacharavadi 147 265 30 351 13 119 5 36
Matoda 192 229 4 173 6 211 0 52 Sari 268 229 11 247 35 181 0 99
Kolat 355 91 23 558 12 123 6 76 Palwada 400 459 2 162 0 8 0 5 Moraiya 334 234 28 507 9 157 35 101
Nani Devti 242 297 6 441 6 52 1 15
Sanand
Moti Devti 179 40 1 527 11 207 2 87 Bhat 417 768 10 545 10 43 6 66
Visalpur 323 392 43 464 89 199 13 8 Daskroi Mota
Chhapara/ Kasindra
587 1108 31 929 24 163 3 30
Total 715 3964 4947 293 6351 300 2013 94 % with ref. To population 1.87 9.40 11.73 0.69 15.06 0.71 4.77 0.22
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Graph.3.5(B):Distribution of workers in categories
Cultivators23%
Agricultural labours37%
Household Industry2%
Others38%
Cultivators Agricultural labours Household Industry Others
3.12.3 Comments
The 55.67 % of the total population in the study area are non-workers. So,
proposed project will increase the employment opportunity for the people in
the study area and which will also boost up the socio-economic status.
3.12.4 Availability of Basic Amenities
The basic amenities available in study area with reference to education,
medical, water resources, post and telegraph, communication, power supply is
given in Table – 3.21.
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Table – 3.21 Details of Basic Amenities Available In the Study Area
Taluka Name of Village Education Medical Drinking
WATER Post &
Telegraph Commu-nication
Approach to village
Nearest Town and Distance (in kms)
Power supply
News-paper/Mag-azine
Navapura P,C H,MCW,PHC T PO,PH BS,RS PR Sarkhej-6 EA N
Changodar P,S, C CWC,PHS,FWC,RMP,H,MCW,PHC T,TW PO,PH BS,RS PR Sarkhej-10 EA -
Tajpur P,C H,MCW,PHC T PO, PH BS, RS PR Sanand-15 EA -
Vasna Chacharav
adi P,C MCW,PHC,PHS,H T,TW,TK PO,PH BS, RS PR,MR,FP Bavla-10 EA
Wheat N
Matoda P,C CWC,H,MCW,PHC T,HP,TW,W,TK PO,PH BS,RS PR Bavla-7 EA -
Sari P,C H,MCW,PHC T,C,TW,W,TK PO,PH BS, RS PR Bavla-2 EA N
Kolat P,AC, C CHQ,H,MCW,PHC T,TW PO,PH BS, RS PR Sanand-6 EA N,M
Palwada P,C CWC,PHS,H,MCW,PHC
T,HP,TW,W,TK PO,PH BS,RS PR,FP Sanand-15 EA -
Moraiya P,S,C PHS,FWC,H,MCW,PHC T,HP PO,PH BS,RS PR,MR,FP Sarkhej-8 EA -
Nani Devti P,C CWC,HC,PHS,RMP,H,MCW,PHC T,TW,W,TK PO,PH BS, RS PR,FP Sanand-8 EA -
Sanand
Moti Devti P,C H,MCW,PHC T,HP,TW PO,PH BS, RS PR Sanand-6 EA N,M
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Taluka Name of Village Education Medical Drinking
WATER Post &
Telegraph Commu-nication
Approach to village
Nearest Town and Distance (in kms)
Power supply
News-paper/Mag-azine
Bhat P,S,C DH,PHS,RMP,CHW,H,MCW,PHC
T,TW,W,TK,O PO,PH BS,RS PR,MR,FP Dholka-16 EA N,M
Visalpur P/S/PUC/C
CWC/PHS/RMP/CHW/H/MCW/PHC T/TW/O PO-PH CM/CP PR Ahmedaba
d-17 EA N,M Daskroi Mota
Chhapara/ Kasindra
P/S/C HC/PHC/PHS/FWC/RMP/CHW/H/MCW
T/TW/TK/R/O PO-PH CM/CP PR Ahmedaba
d-22 EA N,M
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List of Abbreviations Education Medical
P Primary or Elementary School CWC Chief Welfare Center
H Matriculation / Secondary PHS PRimary Health Sub-Center
Ac Adult Literacy PHC Public Health Center
PUC Higher Secondary, intermediate, PRe-University /Jr. College
RMP Registered Pvt. Medical
PRactitioner
C College CHW Community Health Worker / Health Worker
Post & Telegraph D Dispensary
PO Post Office H Hospital
TO Telegraph Office MCW Maternity & Child Welfare
Centre
PTO Post & Telegraph FWC Family Welfare Center`
P Telephone Connection NH Nursing Home
Drinking Water Communication
T Tap Water BS Bus
W Well Water NW Navigable Waterway
TK Tank Water RS Railway Station
TW Tube well Water Power Supply
HP Hand Pump EA Electricity for all purpose
R River Water ED Electricity for Domestic
purpose
C Canal EAG Electricity for Agriculture
ApPRoach to Village Commercial & co- operative Banks
PR Pucca Road CM Commercial Bank
KR Kachcha Road CO Co – operative Bank
NR Navigable River
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3.12.5 Observations
There are fourteen villages within study area of 5-km radius from the Project site.
Significant observations with respect to socio-economic environment of the
study area is depicted below,
1) The data shows wide variation in the population of the study area. From
the Table – 3.17 it is seen that Kasindra has maximum population i.e. 6968
while for the other villages the population ranges from 1169 to 5111.
2) The literacy rate for the study area is 54.52 %. The overall literacy is
highest (64.30 %) in Vasna Chachravadi village of Sanand Taluka
whereas it is lowest (44.77 %) in Matoda village of Sanand Taluka.
3) The details of workers in the study area indicates that 37.0 % of the
population is engaged in agricultural activity, 2.0 % of the people are
engage in household industrial activity, 23.0 % are cultivators while 38.0%
of people are engaged in other occupation.
4) There are 23,474 non - workers in the study area and average
employment rate is observed 46.5 % so Propose Project activity will boost
up the socio – economic structure.
5) All the village of the study area has Primary school.
6) The brief summary of medical facilities available in study area is given as
under,
PRimary Health Sub-Center 8
Public Health Center 14
Registered Pvt. Medical PRactitioner 5
Community Health Worker / Health Worker 0
Hospital 11
Maternity & Child Welfare Center 14
Family Welfare Center 3
Nursing Home 0
7) In the study area drinking water facility is good as well water and hand
pump is available almost in all the villages.
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8) Post office facility is available in all the villages of study area.
9) In the study area 14 villages are well connected through a network of
Pucca road.
10) Bus is the main mode of transportation in all villages of the study area. In
study area Railway station facility is available in all the villages.
11) The electricity is available in all the villages of study area.
CHAPTER – 4
IDENTIFICATION & ASSESSMENT
OF IMPACT
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CHAPTER-4 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
4.1 PROLOGUE
Impact Identification and prediction is a way of ‘mapping’ the environmental
consequences of the significant aspects of the project and its alternatives.
Several techniques and methodologies are in vogue for predicting anticipated
impacts due to projects on natural and social aspects of the environment.
These predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of the
environment to derive the ultimate scenario of environmental conditions. These
conditions are then subsequently evaluated for acceptability by screening
them against standards. Based on results of prediction and evaluation, pollution
abatement and control measures in order to mitigate the adverse impacts on
the environment are delineated in an Environmental Management Plan for
further implementation during the construction and commissioning of the
project activities, as well as during the operational phase.
The detailed list of activities described in this report have been taken into
consideration for generation of cause-condition-effect network, for
identification & prediction of the environmental impacts that would be
stimulated by the proposed activity.
Prediction involves determination of the nature and extent of the probable
impacts due to the proposed activities or the actions involved in the project.
Here it is determined, whether the likely environmental impacts are
Beneficial or Adverse
Long term or Short term
Permanent or Temporary
Caused or Induced
Primary / Secondary / Tertiary
Reversible or Irreversible
Site specific or Project specific
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The overall environmental impact is divided into two categories during
Construction Phase and Operation Phase. The environmental impact
assessment is accomplished in three stage actions viz. identification, prediction
and evaluation.
The following project related activities identified as sources having potential to
cause impact upon various environmental attributes;
Transportation and storage of raw materials and finished products
Manufacturing process (Generation of Emission from stack, Hazardous waste
and Noise)
Consumption of resources
Emergencies or disaster
Breakdown of critical systems
Maintenance activity
Green Belt Development
The prediction and assessment of impact has been based on the following
data, which has been collected from the industry, concerned agencies or
generated on the basis of the field monitoring:
1. Environmental pollution potential from the proposed project
: Collected data from industry
2. Meteorological data during study period : Collected from IMD
3. Baseline environmental quality status at project site and within the study area of 5km radius from project site with respect to air environment
: Monitored data
Potential impacts of the project on the various environmental components or
parameters given below are predicted.
Water Environment
Air Environment
Land Environment
Noise Environment
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Ecology
Aesthetics
Socio Economic Environment
The identification of environmental impacts has been made, based on the
understanding of cause-condition-effect relationship between an activity and
the impact component. The following activities identified as sources having
potential to cause impact upon various environmental parameters due to
proposed expansion project during the operation phase are given in
Table – 4.1 (A) and Table-4.1(B)
Table – 4.1(A) Type of Activities and Impact during Construction Phase
Sr. No. Type of Activities Potential Impacts
1. Level and Road Laying Dust emission, Soil Compaction, Change in traffic pattern
2. Earthwork comprising of excavation, grading, trenching
Increase in erosion, soil compaction, increase in transport facilities; increase in employment
3. Foundation Work Dust emission, Noise, Decrease in water table
4. Mechanical erection Generation of noise
Table – 4.1(B) Type of Activities and Impact during Operation Phase
Sr. No. Type of Activities Potential Impacts
1. Trial runs and manufacturing activities
Gaseous emission, Increase in vehicular traffic, Increases in employment.
2. Material Handling Increase in Noise level, visual impact, Dust emission
3. Utilities Increase in traffic, Increases in Services, Gaseous Emission and effluent generation.
4. Green Belt Development Decrease in run off, increase in ground water table.
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The identification based on this is helpful in recognizing series of impact that
would be triggered by the proposed activities
4.2 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION
ACTIVITIES
M/s. H. J. Arochem (P). Ltd. is an existing unit and situated in the New
Ahmedabad industrial estate. They are planning to augment production
capacity of plant within the existing premises; therefore minor construction
activity will be carried out. Also the expansion activity is to be undertaken
progressively; the time period of the construction activities will be elongated.
Thus, the impact due to new construction activity will be negligible and for short
term. However, appropriate care will be taken to minimize the negative
impacts if any to the environment.
4.3 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE
4.3.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT
With respect to water environment; three aspects are generally considered in
REIA, availability and consumption of Fresh water, Wastewater generation and
its disposal.
A) FRESH WATER CONSUMPTION
The existing fresh water consumption is @ 3.0 KL/day which will increase up to
23.5 KL/day after proposed expansion. Thus, additional water required for
proposed expansion will be 20.5 KL/day. The fresh water requirement will be
satisfied from New Ahmedabad Industrial Estate water supply system and same
source will be utilized after proposed expansion.
As per Guidelines issued by Central Ground Water Authority, Ministry of Water
Resources, New Delhi vide Letter No. 21- 4/Guidelines/CGWA/2009-832, Dated
14/10/2009, the unit does not require permission (NOC) for the abstraction of the
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ground water as their project site falls under over exploited area and their water
withdrawal will not exceed the 25 m3/day.
Hence, there will not be any adverse impact on ground water due to water
consumption for proposed expansion.
B) WASTE LOAD GENERATION
There will be no wastewater generation from the manufacturing process.
There will be increase in the domestic effluent generation from 1.0 KL/day to
1.5 KL/day after proposed expansion.
C) DISPOSAL OF EFFLUENT
There is no wastewater discharge from the existing plant and there will not
be any waste water discharge from the proposed expansion also. Thus there
is Zero Industrial Discharge.
Domestic wastewater will be sent to septic tank and finally disposed in to
soak pit.
Thus there will not be any impact on ground water environment and surface
water environment due to effluent disposal from proposed expansion.
4.3.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT
A) IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS
M/s. H. J. Arochem (P) Ltd. (HJAPL) is the existing unit & proposed to augment
the production capacity of existing product; the kind of gaseous emission will
remain the same after proposed expansion which mainly includes flue gas
emission. The main source of air pollution due to proposed expansion will be
flue gas emissions from the additional Thermic Fluid Heater. The significant
pollutants identified due to flue gas emissions are PM and SO2.
Multi Cyclone separator will be provided to the proposed Thermic fluid heater
as air pollution control measures to control the emission of particulate matter &
the flue gas emission remains well within gaseous emission norms prescribed by
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the GPCB/CPCB. Adequate stack height will be provided to thermic fluid heater
stack for the proper dispersion of pollutant particularly PM and SO2 as per CPCB
guidelines.
Another source of flue gas emission will a stack attached to DG Set, where
diesel will be used and hence no APCM is required. However, it will stand by to
grid power supply and operated only in case of emergency and failure of
power supply form GEB grid.
There will be very negligible chances of fugitive emission due to manufacturing
activities and raw material & products handing and transportation. There is no
process gas emission from existing as well as will be from proposed
manufacturing activity.
B) ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
Impact of a source or a group of sources on air quality is evaluated using
mathematical models. The model stimulates the relationships between air
pollutants emitted from the source and their impact on surrounding air quality.
The air quality model is prepared based on the stack details and
meteorological data.
The mathematical model based on Gaussian theory, a computer based version
ISCST3, was used to calculate Ground Level Concentrations (GLC) as a function
of wind speed, direction and stability class. The GLC for the parameters like SPM
and SO2 as emitted from the stack attached to thermic fluid heater have been
predicted using above mathematical model.
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The likely impacts on air have been studied based on following assumptions,
1. The mathematic model was conducted for the flue gas stacks attached to
proposed Thermic fluid Heater.
2. SPM & SO2 likely to be emitted from thermic fluid heater were calculated
based on limit given by GPCB for studying worst case scenario.
The following methodology is adopted for the prediction based on above
model.
1. Input Parameters
The input parameters for the preparation of mathematical model consist of
Meteorological Data viz. ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction,
mixing height etc. and potential of the air pollutants viz, physical stack height,
inner diameter of the stack at exit, stack emission, flue gas temperature, flue
gas velocity etc. The details of all the in put parameters are discussed here
below.
• Micrometeorological Data
Micrometeorological data required for the mathematical modeling were
collected during the period of November’09 to February’09 at the site and the
details of which are discussed and elaborated in Section 3.3 of Chapter - 3 in
earlier part of this report.
• Potential of the Air Pollutants
The probable sources of air pollution are separate flue gas stacks attached to
thermic fluid heater. The detail stacks emissions considered for the processing of
mathematical model are given in Table - 4.2.
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Table – 4.2: Details of Stacks
Sr. No. Particular Unit Value
1. Source Attached To --- Thermic Fluid Heater
2. Stack Height m 40
3. Stack diameter m 0.4
4. Cross Sectional Area of Stack m2 0.1257 oC 110
5. Temperature of stack gas K 383
6. Avg. stack gas velocity m/sec 7.0
m3/sec 0.880 7. Gaseous Flow rate
Nm3/Sec 0.684
8. Concentration of Pollutant Discharge
a) Particulate Matter (PM) mg/Nm3 150
b) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) ppm 100
9. Load of Pollutant Discharge
a) Particulate Matter (PM) 0.1027
b) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Gm/sec
0.1788
2. The Receptor Area
• The baseline ambient air quality monitoring stations are selected as
receptor area to evaluate the impact of air pollutants from the source and
eventually to find out resultant ambient air quality at above location.
• The receptor locations in uniform polar grid within 5 Km with flow vector of
22.5 degree (sixteen directions) and 10 polar rings i.e. radial distance at 0.5
km increment from source is selected.
3. Model Output
The output of the model consists of ground level concentration at various
distances and direction from the source. The first three highest 24 hour average
ground level concentration value for SPM & SO2 is given in Table – 4.3 and the
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first highest 24 hourly average ground level concentration value for various
parameters at the ambient air quality monitoring stations is given in Table-4.4.
Table- 4.3 : First Three Highest 24-Hourly Average GLC Values
Highest Value
Location w.r.t Project Site SPM SO2
1st 0.5 km @ 0º 1.5121 2.6326
2nd 0.5 km @ 225º 1.2224 2.1281
3rd 0.5 km @ 225º 1.1948 2.0802
Note : All units are expressed in, µg/m3
Table-4.4: First Highest 24-Hourly Average GLC Values for AAQM Stations
Station Code
Location w.r.t Project Site SPM SO2
S2 2.4 km @ 50° 0.1824 0.3175
S3 2.25 km @ 90° 0.3302 0.5748
S4 4.2 km @ 245° 0.0321 1.0559
S5 1.2 km @ 330° 0.0217 0.0379
S6 3.3 km @ 347° 0.0073 0.0127
Note : All units are expressed in, µg/m3
Based on the maximum concentration values observed during the study period
and the first highest 24 hourly average GLC value calculated using
mathematical modeling for the proposed expansion, the expected level
maximum GLC for various parameters at the ambient air quality monitoring
stations after the proposed expansion has been estimated and which is
illustrated in the Table-4.5.
Isopleths Showing 1st highest 24 hourly average GLCs contour plots for the
Suspended Particular Metter (SPM) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) for the proposed
expansion are given in Drawing – 4.1 and Drawing – 4.2 respectively.
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C) OBSERVATIONS
The maximum 24-hourly average concentration for pollutant due to proposed
expansion calculated using mathematical model (ISCST3) for SPM and SO2 is
1.5121µg/m3 and 2.6326µg/m3 respectively which is very negligible even for the
worst case scenario and will fall within industrial area.
There is negligible increase in concentration of SPM and SO2 at ambient air
monitoring locations due to proposed expansion.
Considering worst-case scenario the ambient air quality at all the monitoring
locations after the proposed expansion does not exceed NAAQS norms as
shown in Table-4.5.
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Plate 4.1 Isopleths Showing 1st Highest 24 Hourly Average GLCS Contour Plots
For The Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
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Plate 4.2 Isopleths Showing 1st Highest 24 Hourly Average GLCS Contour Plots
For The Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
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Table- 4.5: Expected level of pollutant at ambient air monitoring locations after proposed expansion
SPM SO2
Station Code
Location w.r.t
Project Site
I II III I II III
S2 3.15 km @ 4° 192 0.1824 192.1824 28.0 0.3175 28.3175
S3 4.91 km @34° 181 0.3302 181.3302 26.0 0.5748 26.5748
S4 3.30 km @ 51° 152 0.0321 152.0321 21.0 1.0559 22.0559
S5 4.70 km @ 228° 176 0.0217 176.0217 22.0 0.0379 22.0379
S6 4.42 km @ 249° 140 0.0073 140.0073 17.0 0.0127 17.0127
Note : I -Maximum Ambient Air Monitoring Results observed during study period(µg/m3) II- 24-Hourly 1st Highest Ground Level Concentration Calculated Using
Mathematical Model ISCST3 ((µg/m3) III -Expected Level of Pollutant After Proposed Project ((µg/m3)
Hence, there will not be any significant impact on air environment due to
proposed expansion considering worst-case scenario.
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4.3.3 IMPACT OF TRANSPORTATION
At present there is existing traffic of only 1 truck per day on an average basis
and there will be an increase in traffic of trucks by 5 frights/day due to the
proposed expansion. The details of the traffic due to the transportation of raw
materials and end products are summarized in the following Table-4.6.
Table-4.6 : Traffic due to the transportation of raw materials and end products
Basis: Truck Capacity – 14 MT Working Days per Month - 26
Existing Scenario Proposed Scenario
Truck / Freights Truck / Freights Name of Chemicals / Comodity MT/
Month Nos./ month
Nos./ Day
MT/ Month Nos./
month Nos./ Day
Raw Material Phenol 31.85 2.3 0.09 227.5 16.3 0.6
Mono Chloro Benzene 55.65 4.0 0.15 397.5 28.4 1.1
Caustic Flakes 18.2 1.3 0.05 130 9.3 0.4
Hydrochloric Acid 1.4 0.1 0.00 10 0.7 0.0
Catalyst 0.35 0.0 0.00 2.5 0.2 0.0
Acetone 0 0.0 0.00 1.01 0.072 0.003
Diphenyl (DP) 24.8 1.8 0.07 177.6 12.7 0.5
Finished Products Di Phenyl Oxide 70 5.0 0.19 500 35.7 1.4
Diphyl 93 6.6 0.26 666 47.6 1.8
Total Freights 21.1 0.81 -- 150.9 5.8
M/s. HJAPL is located in New Ahmedabad Industrial Estate, situated within the
Changodar Industrial Area. The industrial stretch situated along the National
Highway 8A and starts about 10 Km away from Sarkhej-Ahmedabad and ends
a few Km before Bawala Town. The total length of Industrial Stretch is about 30
Km and is having more than 300-400 industrial units of different categories and
spread over the stretch of 30 Km along the NH-8 connecting Ahmedabad-
Bavla-Rajkot.
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At present there is a movement of 262 trucks during day time and 102 trucks
during night time on the adjoining national highway. Looking to the existing
traffic of trucks on the national highway, proposed traffic to be increased due
the expansion of M/s. HJAPL is very negligible.
Hence, there will not be major impact on the traffic density and surrounding
environment due to proposed project.
4.3.4 LAND/ SOIL ENVIRONMENT A) PREDICTION OF IMPACT
The impact on land and soil environment may be due to effluent disposal,
chemical handling and hazardous waste disposal.
B) ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
Since the proposed expansion will be in the existing premises located in the
Private Industrial Estate located in Changodar Industrial Area, there will not be
any change in land use pattern, forest cover or vegetation in surrounding area.
Moreover, Electricity, water, roads, all basic amenities and infrastructure are
already available at project site.
Effluent Disposal
There will be no industrial effluent disposal from the process activity. Only
domestic wastewater will be generated and entire quantity of wastewater will
be treated in septic tank and finally disposed by soak pit.
Material Handling
Spillage of material during loading, unloading and transfer, gland leakage of
pumps, flange leakage in pipelines may create soil/land contamination.
However, the management should ensure regular maintenance of pumps and
flange connections in the pipelines and proper care must be taken by the
management while loading, unloading and transfer of materials to avoid the
impact.
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Hazardous Waste Disposal
The main sources of hazardous waste generation from existing as well as
proposed manufacturing activity are Spent Solvent and Distillation Residue.
The ancillary sources of hazardous waste generation are discarded bags/
Containers from storage and handling of raw materials, Spent Catalyst and
spent oil generation from plant machinery.
The unit has already provided designated storage area 111.48 sq. m. for the
hazardous waste storage within premises having impervious floor and roof
cover system and leachate collection system which will be expanded as per
requirement.
The hazardous waste generated will be stored and handle as per The
Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement)
Rules, 2008.
Hence, there will not be any impact on land and soil environment due to
effluent disposal, material handling and disposal of hazardous waste.
Development of Green Belt
The unit has already developed green belt area in 366.96 m2 within the industrial
premises and it will be increased up to 785.01 m2 (17.60 % of total available
area) for the abatement of gaseous and noise pollution. Green belt is
developed to avoid any kind of fugitive emission in to surrounding environment
in any case. Special care will be taken while planting trees, as regards their type
and density.
In consequence of development of green belt it will create a beneficial impact
on land and soil environment.
4.3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT A) PREDICTION OF IMPACT
Prediction of potential impacts on noise environment from the proposed
expansion project activity is as important as other components of the
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environment. The impacts of noise depend mainly on the characteristic of the
noise generating sources, topography and atmospheric conditions.
During operational phase the impact on noise environment will be due to
manufacturing activities and transportation activities (transportation of raw
materials and finished products). Present Noise levels of the study area are
shown in section 3.8 of chapter no.3.
B) ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
After commissioning of the expansion project their will be very negligible
increase in the noise level. The noise generation will be mitigated by installing
noise barriers/absorbers around stationery noise sources, viz. pumps,
compressors and blowers etc.
Adequate noise control measures such as anti vibration pad for equipment
with high vibration is provided. Proper and timely oiling, Lubrication
Preventive Maintenance will be done regularly.
Existing green belt is act as a barrier to the propagation of noise from the
factory premises. This will reduce the noise levels appreciably and it will not
have any impact to the nearby present human settlement.
Therefore, there will be negligible impact on noise environment of surrounding
area due to proposed expansion.
4.3.6 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
The impact due to the proposed expansion on the ecological parameters like
natural vegetation, crops, forests and species diversity is summarized in below
texts:
The project site will be in the existing industrial premises located in the Private
Industrial Estate located in Changodar Industrial Area. Hence, there will not
be any cutting of natural vegetation due to proposed expansion. On the
contrary, the industry will expand its green belt area within and surrounding
periphery.
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Since the proposed expansion is on non-agricultural land of the existing
factory premises, it is not likely to alter the crop production and pattern or
the area.
Necessary environmental protective measure have been planned under
EMP for air, water and hazardous waste management systems and regular
environmental surveillance will be carried out so as to prevent any short-term
or cumulative effect on the crops and natural vegetation of the area.
Higher concentrations of SO2 may damage to the plant tissues leading to
plant diseases like Necrosis or Chlorosis. However, adequate stack height is
provided as per CPCB guidelines for the proper dispersion of pollutants,
particularly sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere. So that increment in
GLC of SO2 will be very negligible even for the worst case scenario.
There will not be any disposal of effluent from the unit due to proposed
expansion.
There is no reserved forest, nation park or sanctuary within 10 km radius from
the project site.
No endanger flora & fauna is reported within the study area.
Thus, there will not be any significant impact on ecological environment due to
proposed expansion.
4.3.7 AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT
The proposed expansion is in the existing premises having total area @
4459.20 m2 and located in the Private Industrial Estate located in Changodar
Industrial Area having more than 100 units and spread over 30 Km2 of land.
The area for the plant when compared to the total area of Industrial Area is
insignificant or negligible.
The unit has already developed green belt area in 366.96 m2 within the
industrial premises and it will be increased up to 785.01 m2 (17.60 % of total
available area), which will improve the overall aesthetic view of the
premises.
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Since there is no discharge of effluent, there is no visual adverse impact on
quality of water.
Thus, there will not be any impact on aesthetic environment due to proposed
expansion.
4.3.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
A) EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
Prediction of the socio-economic impacts of site would be totally a positive
mainly due to the employment opportunities. During operational phase, skilled
and unskilled manpower will be needed. This will increase the employment
opportunity. Secondary jobs are also bound to be generated to provide day-to-
day needs and services to the work force. This will also increase the demand for
essential daily utilities in the local market and ancillary business development to
some extent for the local population. This phase is expected to create a
beneficial impact on the local socio-economic environment.
B) INDUSTRIES
During the operation activities, the required raw materials will be sourced
maximum from the local area. In addition to this the required spares and
consumables required for the operation of the plant and machineries will be
procured from the near by area. The increasing industrial activity will boost the
commercial and economical status of the locality, to some extent.
C) PUBLIC HEALTH
During operation activities, workers will be provided with basic amenities like
safe water supply, low cost sanitation facilities, first aid, required personal
protective equipment, etc. Otherwise, there could be an increase in diseases
related to personal hygiene. Hence, there will not be any significant change in
the status of sanitation and the community health of the area, as sufficient
measures have been taken and proposed under the EMP.
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The proposed expansion activities will improve the general environment by
expanding area of green belt and planting more number of trees through a
planned green belt development which will improve Aesthetic value of the
region. On the whole the project will have a favorable ranking with the local
inhabitants and will be looked upon as a blessing for development of the area.
Thus, there will be a beneficial impact on socio-economic environment due to
proposed expansion activities.
The possible beneficial Impacts due to the proposed expansion is shown in
Drawing-4.3
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Drawing – 4.3 Possible Beneficial Impacts Due To Proposed Expansion
Project
Minimize the Noise Pollution
Improve Aesthetic
Environment
Improve community
health
Improve Sanitation condition
Improve Educational
facility
Improve Soil
Conditioning
Development of Green Belt
Socio Economic Environment
Probability of temporary
employment
Enhance Commercial
and economical
status
Probability of permanent
employment
Probability of secondary
employment
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4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT VALUATION
The matrix system evaluates the impact on the environment both in terms of
quality and quantity. The environmental parameters that have some impact
due to the proposed expansion activities are considered. The environmental
impacts identify the possible relationship of proposed industrial operations with
respect to environment parameters. These relationships can be beneficial or
adverse. Impact identification matrix for operation phase is given in Table – 4.7.
The potential impact during operational stage along with mitigation measure is
presented in Table – 4.8.
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Table-4.7: Impact Identification Matrix (Without EMP)
Project Activities
(Construction Phase)
Project Activities (Operational Phase)
Sr. No. Environmental
Parameters
Exca
vatio
n
Con
stru
ctio
n
Inst
alla
tion
of
Equi
pmen
ts
Wat
er
Requ
irem
ent
Efflu
ent
Disc
harg
e G
aseo
us
emiss
ions
Solid
Was
te
Mat
eria
l Ha
ndlin
g
Man
fg.
Act
ivity
Equi
pmen
t Fa
ilure
Tran
spor
tatio
n
Gre
en B
elt
Deve
lopm
ent
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION i) Water Env. Water Resource √
Water Quality ii) Air Env. √ √ √ √ √ √ √ iii) Land / Soil
Env. √ √ √
1.
iv) Noise Env. √ √ √ √ √ √ √ ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Natural Vegetation √ √
Crops √ √ Fisheries & Aquatic Life
2.
Forests & Species Diversity
AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT Visual Water / Air Quality √ √ √
Odour √
3.
Landscape √ SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT • Employment
Opportunity & Economic Development
√ √ √ √ √ √
• Public Welfare & Sanitation
4.
• Social Amenities
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Table- 4.8: Impacts & Mitigative Measures Taken During Operational Stage
Env. Parameters
Potential Impacts Source Mitigative Measure Remarks
Water Environment
Consumption of Water
Process activities
No ground water withdrawal and water
requirement will be fulfill by New Ahmedabad Industrial Estate water
supply system. No industrial effluent
disposal.
Negligible impact
Air Environment
Increase in concentration
of SPM, SO2
Flue gas emissions
Multi cyclone separator will be provided as air
pollution control measures.
Negligible increase in
GLCs of pollutant and also meeting NAAQS.
Negligible adverse impact.
Socio-Economic
Environment
Increase in employment opportunities,
overall growth and
development of area.
Process Activities
and Transport-
ation
--- Beneficial impact
Ecological Environment
Long-term effect on plant and
floral species due to
pollutant.
Manufac-turing
activities
Proper EMP for air pollution.
Green Belt development
Minor Adverse Impact
Noise Environment
Increase in Noise Level
Manufac-turing
activities
Proper maintenance of equipments Green Belt
development
Marginal Impact
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-4 Environmental Impact Assessment Page : 25 of 27
4.4.1 IMPACT EVALUATION
The environmental impact evaluation is based on careful study of project site,
manufacturing operation of proposed expansion activities, surrounding
environment (meteorological conditions, ambient air quality status, water
quality status, soil quality status, ecological environment, socio-economic status,
land-use pattern of the study area) etc.
These can be further classified as short term or long term, reversible or
irreversible, local or regional. The evaluation of the impacts due to proposed
expansion activities are given in Table – 4.9. While Table - 4.10 shows the total
score of the project.
4.4.2 IMPACT QUANTIFICATION For calculating the severity of the impact on the environmental parameters due
to the various project activities the severity has been divided into impact scores
from 0-4 as under;
Severity Criteria Impact Score
No Impact : 0
Very Slight : 1
Slight Impact : 2
Moderate Impact : 3
Appreciable Impact : 4
The impact score is (–ve) or (+ve) depending on whether the impact is adverse
or beneficial. The construction phase is not considered in environmental impact
matrix, as impacts due to construction activities are temporary, short-term and
negligible.
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-4 Environmental Impact Assessment Page : 26 of 27
Table – 4.9: Environmental Impact Evaluation Matrix
Project Activities (Operational Phase)
Sr. No. Parameters
Wat
er
Requ
irem
ent
Efflu
ent
Gen
erat
ion/
Di
spos
al
Gas
eous
em
issio
ns
Haza
rdou
s W
aste
G
ener
atio
n
Mat
eria
l Ha
ndlin
g M
anfg
. A
ctiv
ity
Equi
pmen
t Fa
ilure
Tran
spor
tatio
n
Gre
en B
elt
Deve
lopm
ent
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
• Water Env. i) Water Resource -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ii) Water Quality 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • Air Env. 0 0 -1 0 -1 -1 0 -1 +1 • Land & Soil Env. 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 +1
1.
• Noise Env. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 Total -1 0 -1 0 -2 -1 0 -2 +2
ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
• Natural vegetation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • Crops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • Fisheries & Aquatic
Life 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2.
• Forests & Species Diversity
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT
• Visual Water / Air Quality
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1
• Odour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.
• Landscape 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +3
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
• Employment Opportunity & Economic Development
0 0 0 0 +3 +1 0 +1 0
• Public Welfare & Sanitation 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 0 0
4.
• Social Amenities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 0 +3 +2 0 +1 0
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-4 Environmental Impact Assessment Page : 27 of 27
Table-4.10: Environmental impact score of the proposed project activities
Thus, proposed expansion activities will not have any significant environmental
impact on surrounding environment. On the contrary, there will be beneficial
impact on surrounding environment due to increase in employment
opportunities and economy of the area.
Sr. No.
Parameters Evaluation Score
1. Environmental Pollution -5
2. Ecology Environment 0
3. Aesthetic Environment +3
4. Socio-Economic Environment
+6
CHAPTER – 5
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan Page 1 of 17
CHAPTER- 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
5.1 PROLOGUE
The main purpose of the EMP is to identify project specific actions that will be
undertaken by the project authority for mitigation of the specific impacts
identified in the project. These actions will be incorporated into project
management system and integrated into the implementation at various stages
of project development. The EMP describe both generic good practice
measures and site specific measures, the implementation of which is aimed at
mitigating potential impact associated with the project activity.
The aim of Environmental Management Plan is to warrant that the industrial
development in an identified particular study area needs to be entangled with
judicious utilization of non-renewable resources and to ensure that the stress /
load on the ecosystem is within its permissible assimilative capacity i.e. its
carrying capacity. In above context assimilative capacity refers to the
maximum amount of pollution load that can be discharged into the
environment without affecting the designated use of various environmental
attributes and is governed by dilution, dispersion and removal due to physico-
chemical and biological process. An effective EMP ensures that these
environmental requirements and objectives are satisfied during all phases of
project.
Environmental Management generally includes protection / mitigation /
enhancement measures as well as delineation of post project monitoring
program. The plan as prepared may suggest revisions in the plant layout or
operational parameters to avoid adverse impacts. Sometimes additional
project operations have to be incorporated in the conventional plan of
operation, as per the actual requirement.
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Adopting mitigative measures including incorporation of suitable features in the
planning and design stage can minimize the adverse impacts envisaged during
construction and operation phases. Mitigation measures at the source level and
an overall management plan are elicited to improve the supportive capacity of
the study area and also to preserve the assimilative capacity of the receiving
bodies.
5.2 OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The long-term objectives of the Environment Management Plan for all the
environmental attributes are as under:
To comply with all the regulations / applicable laws stipulated by Central &
State Pollution Control Boards.
To create good working conditions (devoid of air and noise pollution for the
employees).
To encourage support and conduct developmental works for the purpose of
achieving environment standards and to improve methods of environment
management.
To rationalize and streamline environmental activities to add value in
efficiency and effectiveness.
To encourage and achieve highest performance and response from
individual employees and contractors.
To plan out the complete strategy to take care of stakeholder engagement.
To contribute significantly for sustainable development.
To treat all the pollutants i.e. effluent and hazardous waste with appropriate
technology
Perspective budgeting and allocation of funds for environment management
expenditure.
Continuous development and search for innovative technologies for a
cleaner and better environment.
To encourage, support and conduct development work for the purpose of
achieving environmental standards and to improve the methods of
environmental management.
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan Page 3 of 17
The environment Management Plan has been chalked out for Operation phase
of the proposed expansion which has been categorized for:
Water Environment
Air Environment
Land Environment
Noise Environment
Socio Economic Environment
As a part of the efforts for sustainable development, to identify the adverse
impacts, their causes and prevention and precaution measures are the most
important part of the development activity of any project. For the purpose of
the prevention/minimization of the adverse impacts the Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) and impact mitigation measures are identified and
implementations of various mitigative measures for environmental impacts
envisaged are discussed.
5.3 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM
Water will not be required for the manufacturing process of the proposed
products. Water will be required only for the industrial cooling and domestic
activity after proposed expansion. The total water requirement is very less 18.0
KL/Day, which will be fulfilled by New Ahmedabad Industrial Estate water
supply system. Hence, it will not create any stress upon the ground water
bodies.
Record for water consumption is maintained and shall be maintained for
each usage in future.
Water conservation measures have been taken to optimize the fresh water
requirement such as water generated from salt water purification plant will
be recycled in DPO plant.
The domestic effluent is disposed to septic tank/soak pit system & same
practice will be continued after proposed expansion.
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Disposal system for storm water is provided separately and it will be assured
that there will not be any contamination of chemicals / effluent in to storm
water.
Cleaner production technology will be assessed to maximize possible reuse
and recycling of material will be done.
The action sheet for mitigation of water pollution due to storm water is given in
Table-5.1.
Table–5.1: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Storm Water Pollution
Source Rain
Mitigation
Measures
1. Identify the potential sources of storm water pollution.
2. Evaluation of all non-storm water discharges to determine
if they contaminate storm water.
Methodology of
Implementation
1. Good House Keeping – To maintain a clean and orderly
working environment.
2. Visual Inspection – To conduct routine inspection of facility
to ensure that all the elements of the plant are in place
and working properly.
3. Spill Prevention & Response – Identify location where spill
occur and define spill prevention handling practices and
response procedures.
4. Employee Training-Trained employees in all aspects of
storm water management plan.
5.4 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM
To control the flue gas emission multi cyclone separator will be provided to
the proposed thermic fluid heater.
Adequate stack height of the 30 meter will be provided to the proposed
thermic fluid heater considering the Lignite will be used as a fuel.
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan Page 5 of 17
To reduce the fugitive emission the entire manufacturing activities will be
carried out in the closed system and Vacuum distillation with brine
circulation techniques will be adopted.
The unit will also take all adequate measures to reduce the fugitive emission
likely to occur due to the transportation activity.
All the motors of pumps for the handling of hazardous chemicals are flame
proof and provided with suitable mechanical seal with stand by
arrangement.
Stack monitoring facilities like porthole, platform etc. will be provided with
flue gas stack attached to the proposed thermic fluid heater in order to
facilitate sampling of gases being emitted into the atmosphere.
Regular monitoring of flue gas stack will be carried out.
In case of failure of any air pollution control equipments, the process
activities will be stopped.
Regular ambient air quality & stack monitoring shall be carried out within
factory premises.
The action sheet for mitigation of air pollution due to storm water is given in
Table-5.2.
Table – 5.2: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Air Pollution Source Thermic Fluid Heater, DG Set & Transportation.
Mitigation Measures
1. Regular preventive maintenance and overhauling of blowers, pumps etc. will be done.
2. Regular check on the content in the fuel and emissions. 3. To maintain proper air to fuel ratio. 4. Monitoring of combustion. 5. Regular check for the efficiency of multi cyclone separator.
Methodology of Implementation
1. Monitoring of source emissions and ambient air quality as per GPCB Norms through reliable testing authority to ensure compliance of air pollution emission standards as per consent.
2. Proper preventive maintenance of fuel firing system 3. Spill Prevention & Response – Identify location where spill
occur and define spill prevention handling practices and response procedures.
4. All the kaccha roads will be made pacca or will be asphalted or concreted to avoid dust formation caused by movement of vehicles.
The PUC of the vehicles entering the industrial premises will be checked regularly.
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan Page 6 of 17
5.5 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The hazardous waste generated will be stored and handle as per The
Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement)
Rules, 2008.
Spent catalyst generated form the proposed manufacturing products will be
Collected, Stored & reused within the process or sale to registered reprocessors.
The ancillary source of hazardous waste generation from the proposed
products will be discarded barrels/ drums/ bags/ liners /carboys from the raw
material handling & storage which will be decontaminated and reused or
sold to GPCB approved scrap vendors.
The unit has provided isolated area for the hazardous waste storage within
premises having pucca floor, roof cover which will be expanded as per the
requirement.
Record of hazardous waste generation and disposal shall be maintained on
printed logbook.
The action sheet for mitigation of pollution due to Hazardous waste is given
Table-5.3.
Table - 5.3: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Hazardous Waste
Source Manufacturing Process and Raw Material Storage
Mitigation
Measures
1. The hazardous waste likely to be generated will be stored
in covered area.
2. The spent catalyst generated will be send to re-processors
at regular interval of time.
3. Bags / Container Oil generated will be sold to GPCB
approved vendor/trader after decontamination.
Methodology
of
Implementation
A record w.r.t quantity, quality and treatment/
management of solid/hazardous waste generation and
disposal will be maintained
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5.6 NOISE CONTROL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Detrimental and unpleasant sound energy transmitted from one area to
another is classified as "Noise". There will be slight increase in noise level due to
operation of mechanical equipments for the manufacturing of product. The
precautions to be taken for abatement of noise pollution are as follows,
Adequate noise control measures will be provided whenever required.
The noise generation will be mitigated by installing noise barriers/absorbers
around stationery noise sources, viz. pumps, compressors and blowers etc.
Proper and timely oiling, lubrication and preventive maintenance will be
carried out for the machineries and equipments to reduce noise generation.
Personal protective devices such as ear-muffs, ear-plugs etc. should be
strictly enforced for the workers engaged in high noise areas.
Noise monitoring shall be done regularly at different parts of the plant.
The unit will increase the plantation species in the developed green belt
within the premises which will prevent the noise pollution in surrounding
area.
The action sheet for mitigation of noise pollution is given Table-5.4.
Table – 5.4: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Noise Pollution
Source Thermic Fluid Heater, Process Plant & Transportation
Mitigation
Measures
1. Strict adherence for maintenance schedule of various
equipments.
2. Staffs to use earplugs at places where noise level
exceeds 90 dBA.
3. Inform all transport contractors to avoid unnecessary
speeding of vehicles inside the premises
Methodology
of
Implementation
1. Periodically noise monitoring should be done at various
places inside the factory premises.
2. Thermic Fluid Heater maintenance records, logs in the
respective areas.
3. Placard shall be displayed at various locations
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan Page 8 of 17
5.7 APPLICATION OF CLEANER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Cleaner Production in recent times has emerged as an attractive proposition to
tackle the environmental problems posed by rapid industrialization and is being
accepted worldwide. Besides reducing pollution, it also improves the process
efficiency, thus reducing the cost of production. Applications of CP mainly
focus on preventing or minimizing the generation of waste and gaseous
emission. The basic idea of cleaner production is to avoid a problem altogether
rather than trying to find remedial measure by adopting proactive approach of
waste management.
CP is nothing but a new and creative way of thinking about products and the
processes which are used to manufacture. Cleaner Production is continuous
ongoing process. It is achieved by the continuous application of strategies to
minimize the generation of waste and emission. As far as the production
processes are concern, CP is achieved by raw material and energy
conservation, by reducing quantum of emission and waste generation. CP
should be implemented by adopting the concept of product modification,
source reduction and recycling to acquire productive results. M/s. HJAPL is existing unit & have been implemented various techniques of CP in
their factory premises & put continues efforts for developing new techniques.
The techniques implemented & proposed by the unit & are given below.
5.7.1 POLLUTION PREVENTION
M/s. HJAPL is manufacturing products having 80-90% yield by using high-
quality of raw material.
To minimize material wastage, standard SOP is followed by the unit.
High density polythene bags or drums are used. Hence, the generation of
plastic waste is reduced. Moreover, Discarded Bags and Container will be
decontaminate and Reuse/ sold.
The unit is maintaining the proper inventory of the hazardous chemicals and
keeping the buffer stock as minimum a possible. This will reduce the
possibilities & magnitude of environmental hazards.
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan Page 9 of 17
There is a periodic arrangement of environmental training program to create
sensitivity among plant personnel towards environment.
5.7.2 WATER CONSERVATION
The major quantity of water will be used in boiler and cooling.
There is no wastewater generation from the manufacturing process and
wastewater generated from the boiler will be reused as cooling tower make-
up.
Mopping will be done for floor cleaning.
As a part of water conservation, excess service water taps will not be
provided in the plant premises. Likewise, the green belt will be developed by
using water sprinkle system instead of hose pipe.
5.7.3 ENERGY CONSERVATION
First step to conserve energy is to identify source of energy utilization. The
exact electricity requirement in the plant premises will be identified.
Variable frequency drives (VFD) in pumps, whenever required is provided to
save energy.
Use of low loss transformer instead of conventional transformer.
As far as possible the unit will use solar street lights in the factory premises
which is the renewable energy.
Proper air to fuel ratio is maintained for the maximum efficiency of boiler.
Good insulation practice will be adopted to prevent heat losses.
Regular cleaning to the lamps and fixtures will be done to get better
illumination in the plant.
To avoid loss of precious quantum of energy, regular maintenance/ servicing
will be provided to all the equipments.
5.7.4 REUSE / RECYCLE
The HDPE drums are reused in plants for processing.
Water generated from the Salt water purification plant will be reused in DPO
plant.
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan Page 10 of 17
Vacuum distillation with brine circulation techniques has been adopted.
5.7.5 GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
Good house keeping means changing existing practices or introducing new
ways of operating and maintaining equipment. Proper good housekeeping can
prevent accidents, spillages and leakages, raw material & product loses.
For Good house keeping following action will be taken.
All the material will be stored in compatible group.
All pits, sumps should be properly covered or securely fenced.
Appropriate tools will be provided for handling of all the materials.
Regular training will be given to all workforces.
All the passages, floors and stairways should be maintained in good
condition. The system should be available to deal with any spillage at the
plant.
Sufficient disposable bins should be clearly marked and these should be
suitably located in the plant.
In the plant, precaution and instructions should be displayed at strategic
locations. Proper working instructions will be given to all the workers in factory.
Roads/walkway within the plant should be maintained neat and clean.
Walkways should be clearly marked and free from obstructions.
5.8 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS
Environment Management Plan is prepared to reduce the likely adverse
impacts of the project based on existing socio economic profile in the area.
Environment Management plan would be helpful for smooth functioning of the
project and uplift of the quality of life of the people in the area. The impact on
the major attributes of the socio-economic environment is discussed here under;
Resettlement and Rehabilitation
As this is the working project on the industrial land and no addition land will
be required for the proposed expansion, there will not be any requirement of
the resettlement and rehabitation due to the manufacturing activity.
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan Page 11 of 17
Impact on Population Growth
This project will have an impact on the population growth, as it will provide
some employment to the families in the nearby villages. About 85%
employees are domicile and employed from the near by village and
remaining 15% skilled and managerial staff are non-domicile.
Impact on Economic Aspects
The impact of plant on the economic aspects can be clearly observed. The
manufacturing activities will provide employment to persons of different skills
and trades. The local population will have preference to get an
employment. The employment potential will ameliorate economic
conditions of these families directly and provide employment to many other
families indirectly who are involved in business and service oriented activities.
These will in-turn improves the socio-economic conditions of the area.
Impact on Civic Amenities
As per the census 2001, the area has a good network of roads,
communications, educational facilities, post & telegraph facilities and health
care facilities. There will not be any major impact or stress on the existing
facility due to the proposed industrial expansion of M/s. HJAPL.
The project will definitely help for the improvement of the socio-economic status
of the society in the region by generating direct or indirect employment
opportunities. The project will also induce the development of ancillary and
related small-scale industries in the adjoining areas. It is obvious to assume that
the activities of the proposed industrial operations will produce some
improvements in the socio-economic levels in the study area. The project will
contribute additional revenue to the state and central exchequer in the form of
cess and other taxes etc.
The unit is aware of the obligations towards the society and for fulfills the social
obligations; they will employ semi-skilled and skilled labor form the nearby
villages for the proposed expansion. At least 85 % of the total manpower
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan Page 12 of 17
recruitment will be conducted from domicile workers (i.e. Within the Gujarat) as
per the Factory Act and out of which most of the recruitment will be carried out
from the nearby villages as far as possible. They will also try to generate
maximum indirect employment in the near by villages by appointing local
contractor only during construction phase as well as during operation phase.
Apart form this they are also giving their adequate and reasonable contribution
for the following action in the nearby villages,
Plantation all along the road side and development of garden/greenbelt on
government barren land/common plots.
Education aids & scholarship to poor students.
Organizing medical camp for the near by villagers.
Financial aid for the regional festivals and local religious activities.
5.9 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
The main objective of green belt is to provide a barrier between the plant and
surrounding areas to prevent air and noise pollution. To maintain the ecological
balance project authorities are planning to develop green belt around the
plant. Green belt recommendations around the company premises will be
evolved as per CPCB norm for noise pollution control and to prevent the
gaseous pollutant into surrounding, balancing eco-environment, soil
erosion/protection, economic sustenance and aesthetics. The scenario of
planting arrangement and size will be based on the optimum use of available
land. Based on the agro-climatic conditions of the region, location of
proposed plant and physico-bio-chemical properties of the soil strata in
addition to the nature of pollutants and their rate of dispersion, it is suggested
to develop green belt around the plant. Plants suitable to abate the pollution
have been identified to be local plants.
The plant authorities have proposed to plant a green belt in around the
periphery of the rode particularly around the storage yard. In addition to the
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan Page 13 of 17
green-belt planted around the project, roadside plantation will also be
required within the project.
The tree plantation shall be based on the following principles,
The plant shall be fast growing and indigenous
It has been tolerant to air pollutants present in the area mainly dust pollution
and SO2.
It has been maintain ecological, land and hydrological balance of the
region.
It has been possess extensive foliar area to provide maximum impinging
surface for continued efficient adsorption and absorption of pollutants.
It has been tall in peripheral curtain plantation, with large, spreading
canopy in the primary and secondary attenuation zones.
It has been able to grow and thrive on soil of areas, be evergreen in habitat
having minimum of leaf fall.
It shall be efficient in absorbing pollutants without significant effects on plant
growth.
In order to mitigate the air pollutants and to attenuate the noise generated by
the plant and also improving the ecology and aesthetics of the area, the unit
has already developed green belt area in 366.96 m2 within the industrial
premises and along the periphery which will expanded to 785.01 m2 (17.6 % of
total available area). Green belt is developed to avoid any kind of fugitive
emission in to surrounding environment in any case. The unit has already
planted 40 numbers of plantation species and unit will also plant more 60
numbers of plantation species in the proposed expansion. The details of plant
species are given in Table-5.5(A). The green belt development program (three
years) for the proposed plantation is shown in Table – 5.5(B). The rate of survival
would be 80 – 90%.
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan Page 14 of 17
Table – 5.5 (A): Plantation Species
Nos. Sr. No. Scientific Name Common
Name Existing Proposed Total 1. Polyalthia Longifolia Asopalav 14 24 38 2. Azardorachta Indica Neem Tree 3 6 9 3. Terminelia Catappa Badam 4 3 7 4. Eucalytptus hybrid Nilgiri 5 8 13 5. Classia Fistula Garmala 2 2 4 6. Delonix Regia Gulmohur 6 8 14 7. Miscellaneous --- 14 24 38
Total 40 60 100
Table – 5.5 (B): Three Year Program for Proposed Plantation Species
Proposed Plants 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year
60 30 20 10
In addition to the green belt development plan within the own industrial
premises, unit also proposes to develop the green belt on the following areas
with the due permission and in consultation with the relevant authority;
• Open and waste land of the nearby villages
• Open and undeveloped plot of the near by govt. School
• Along the village road
The unit will develop green belt of minimum 1000 m2 on such areas. Thus, total
green belt development by the unit will come to 1785 m2, which will be around
40 % of the total area occupied by the unit.
5.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL
All the project activities will be monitored to ensure that appropriate
environmental mitigation activities are implemented and to identify areas
________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Chapter-5 Enviormental Management Plan Page 15 of 17
where environmental management plan compliance is not satisfied. Effective
monitoring will allow corrective actions to be identified and implemented in a
timely manner.
One of the principal goals of environmental monitoring is the effective
observation of site conditions and work activities to:
Verify and document compliance with environmental requirement
Identify and document existing or potential non compliance situations and
initiate corrective or remedial actions
Regular monitoring of environmental parameter will be made to find out any
deterioration in environmental quality. The head of environmental cell will be
responsible for total environmental management. The EMS shall perfume
following functions.
Establishment and maintenance of documented environmental objectives
of the “Environmental Protection Policy” of the management.
Collected information from regular monitoring and create database.
Analyze the data and decide thrust area.
Based on the data collected, decide target for each thrust area.
Carry out “project” in each thrust area to arrive at practical solutions to
environmental problems.
Discuss the reports of study on environment and disseminate the information.
Work out action plan for the implementation of the recommendations made
in the report.
Prepare Management Information System (MIS) reports and budget for
environment management program.
M/s. HJAPL is the existing unit; it has already set up permanent and efficient
team for the effective implementation of environmental control measures. The
current practice will be continued after proposed expansion. The environmental
management cell set up by the unit is given herewith.
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Apart from having an environment plan, it is also necessary to have a
permanent organizational set up for effective implementation of various
activities. In this effect, all the units will assign responsibility to officer from various
disciplines to co-ordinate the activities concerned with management and
implementation of environmental control measures. The management of the
unit will keep adequate funds aside to meet with regular expenses for the
environmental control measures. Recurring cost for environmental
management plan is shown in Table- 5.6.
Table –5.6: Recurring Cost for Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Recurring Cost, Rs. in Lacs Sr. No. Description
Existing Proposed Total 1. Water Pollution Control 0.25 0.25 0.50 2. Air Pollution Control 0.50 0.50 1.00 3. Hazardous Waste Management 2.00 3.00 5.00 4. Environmental Monitoring 0.10 0.25 0.35 5. Occupational Health 0.05 0.20 0.25 6. Green Belt 0.10 0.30 0.40
7. Statutory Compliance & Chartered Services 0.25 1.00 1.25
8. Community Welfare 0.25 0.50 0.75 Total 3.5 6.0 9.5
Director
Plant In - charge
Chemist
Operator& Helper
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5.11 POST PROJECT MONITORING
All the project activities shall be monitored to ensure that environmental
mitigation activities are to be implemented and to identify areas where
environmental management plan compliance is lacking. M/s. HJAPL will
schedule periodic investigations at predetermined locations for effective
monitoring of emission and environmental quality.
Along with the industrial emission monitoring as per the GPCB regulations and
under the various environmental laws, the unit will also conduct work area
ambient air quality monitoring as per Gujarat Factories Rules by GPCB
approved agency regularly. The Monitoring Plan and schedule describing
scope, parameters to be monitored and frequency are given in Table – 5.7.
Table – 5.7: Monitoring Plan and schedule
Scope of monitoring Parameter Frequency of monitoring
• Gaseous Emission (Thermic Fluid Heater)
SO2, NOx, PM Monthly
• Ambient Air SPM, RSPM, NOx & SO2 Monthly • Noise Noise level in dB(A) Monthly • Work Place (2 -4 Locations)
Total HC
(Form-37 of GFR) Quarterly
• Occupation Health X-ray and Blood test Once in a year
Unit shall also keep a close vigil on any non-compliance of emission and
deterioration of environmental quality in the project area. Accordingly unit shall
identify and implement corrective actions in a timely manner.
CHAPTER – 6
RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER
MANAGEMENT PLAN
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CHAPTER- 6 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 INTRODUCTION
Increasing use of hazardous chemicals as raw materials, intermediates and
finished products has attracted attention of the Government and the public at
large in view of the chemical disasters. The serious nature of the accidents,
which cause damage to the plant, personnel and public, has compelled
industries to pay maximum attention to the safety issues and also to effectively
manage the hazardous material and operations. It is mandatory for the
industries handling hazardous chemical/flammable materials to maintain
specified safety standards and generate an on-site emergency plan & keep it
linked with off site emergency plan.
Safety is situation without unacceptable risk. Risk is a probability that damage to
life, health and / or the environment, will occur as a result of the hazard. Hazard
is an inherent property of a substance, agent, and source of energy or situation
having potential of causing undesirable consequences.
The safety management includes the implementation of preventive methods or
accident prevention methods to avoid incident or accident and handling of
emergency in case of accident. The implementation of preventive methods or
accident prevention methods needs the risk analysis, to identify the risk
associated with handling, storage, operations and reaction in the process and
from that to find out the prevention methods. The broadly the safety
management may be divided in followings,
1. Risk Analysis
2. Emergency preparedness
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6.2 RISK ANALYSIS
As discussed earlier the “Risk is a probability that damage to life, health and / or
the environment, will occur as a result of the hazard. Hazard is an inherent
property of a substance, agent, and source of energy or situation having
potential of causing undesirable consequences”.
The followings are the hazards associated in proposed project,
• Fire Hazard
• Toxicity Hazard
• Reactivity Hazard
• Explosion Hazard
• Mechanical Hazard
• Electrical Hazard
• Health Hazards
6.2.1 Fire Hazard
The Flammability of chemicals is defined based on their flash point. The details
of the chemicals are given in Table-6.1.
Table-6.1 Details of flammable chemicals
Sr. No. Name of Chemical Flash point Auto Ignition
Temperature Flammable
Class 1 Phenol 79.44ºC 715ºC B
2 Mono Chloro Benzene 24ºC 636ºC IC
The company proposes the following preventive methods to handle flammable
chemicals safely.
The condition of events which can leads to fire:
Equipment failures, presence of open flame or spark in the area, static
charge accumulation, open live cables and reaction between
incompatible chemicals are some of the reasons which lead to the
occurrence of fire.
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A brief description of the measures roused to prevent fire.
Proper earthling connections for the all the equipments, i.e. lines and
similar operations will be given.
All the electrical connections will be done with flameproof fittings within
the flammable area.
Temp. & pressure gauges / indicators will place at the reactors and the
operators note the readings at regular intervals. Shift officers supervise
them.
Fire hydrant system and various types (DCP, CO2) of fire extinguisher will
be installed as per Indian standards.
Detail study will be carried out for finding all the source of ignition while
handling the solvents.
The entire pipe lines will be Provide suitable earthing to handle static
charges safely.
All the drums transferring will be done after providing the suitable
earthing, and with transferring hose and dip pipe separately.
Only SS braided hose will be used for safe transferring of flammable
chemicals in drums.
For opening the bunks of the drums the company will use wooden
opener or non sparking tools only.
Utmost care will be taken to avoid source of spark or shifting of drums,
when flammable chemicals transferring are on.
Drum trolley will be used for shifting of drums from one place to another
place.
The storage areas will have a barbed wire with a main gate. The tanks will
be properly earthed. The Solvent tanks will be provided with flame
arrester.
The approval will be taken from concerning authority.
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6.2.2 Toxicity Hazard
The chemicals which create adverse effect to human body are called Toxic
Chemicals and hazard is Toxicity Hazard. The Toxicity of chemicals is defined
based on their Threshold Limit Value on 8 hrs Time Weighted Average. The
manufacturing process includes the following Toxic chemicals. The details of
the chemicals are given in Table-6.2.
Table-6.2 Details of Toxic chemicals
TLV*, ppm Sr. No. Name of Chemical
IDLH STEL TWA 1. Phenol 100 15.6 5
2. Mono Chloro Benzene -- -- 1
3. Hydrochloric Acid 100 5 5
4. Acetone -- 1000 750
*Note: TLV data are taken from “Fundamentals Of Industrial Safety and Health” complied by Dr. K. U. Mistry and “NIOSH Pocket Guide To Chemical Hazard” published by U.S. Department Of Health & Human Services.
TLV = Threshold Limit Value TWA = Time Weighed Average IDLH = Immediately Dangerous To Life Or Health STEL = Short Term Exposure Limit
The condition of events which can leads to Toxic Hazards
Incase of failure of bottom valve or overflow of the reaction vessel, the
chemicals will splash /fall on the employees working on the ground floor. The
leakage can also be taken place during pumping of liquid and failure of any
component during transferring.
A brief description of the measures roused to prevent spillage / leakage.
The preventive maintenance was planned and carried out as per plan to
avoid the failure of valve, pipe lines and other component of transferring
line. The spillage will be confined to the dyke area underneath the vessel.
The resultant splash of the above chemicals will result in exposure of toxic
chemicals to employees.
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There will be two nos. decontamination facilities (Safety shower & eye wash
fountains) provided in the plant area, which can be used to decontaminate the
affected employees.
Suitable decontamination procedure will be used to decontaminate the spilled
or leaked material. The SOP for decontamination will be reared with all related
department. The followings are some measured planned for handling the toxic
chemicals safely.
Suitable personal protective equipment will be provided to each while
handling the toxic chemicals. The details are given in Table-6.3.
The installation will be as per guidelines of provision of Gujarat Factories Rule
1963.
Chemicals will be stored under adequate safe condition.
Separate storage will be provided for cylinders if any required.
The piping will be examined thoroughly every year for finding out any
defects; and defects should be removed forthwith. The record of such
examination should be maintained.
Smoking will be prohibited inside the factory.
Train employees will be employed for handling toxic chemicals.
Table -6.3 The Details Of Personal Protective Equipments
Sr. No. Type Of PPE Name Of PPE
Supported hand gloves
Unsupported hand gloves
Nitrile hand gloves
Shock proof hand gloves
1. Hand Protection
High temperature hand gloves
Helmet
Helmet ring 2. Head Protection
Helmet with welding face shield
3. Face Protection Face shield
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Sr. No. Type Of PPE Name Of PPE
Safety goggles-Ploy carbonate
Safety goggles - mesh type 4. Eye Protection
Safety goggles - cutting operation
Ear muff 5. Ear Protection Ear plug
Chemical resistance apron-PVC apron PVC suit, coat + pent + hood 6. Body Protection
Boiler suit - Blue color
Count fit mask-ISI mark Cloth mask (cotton mask)
Fume mask- cartridge type
Fume mask with H2S cartridge
Fume Mask with Ammonia cartridge
SCBA
Bubble hood
Dust mask
Safety harness belt
General Purpose safety belt
7. Respiratory Protection
Rope ladder
Safety harness belt
General Purpose safety belt 8. Fall Protection
Rope ladder
Wind socks - 5ft
Folding stretcher
First aid box
Rubber mat
Spark arrestor
9. Industrial Hazard
Protection
Barricaded tape ( red color )
Electrical safety shoes
Safety shoes 10. Foot Protection
Half gum boot
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6.2.3. Heat Radiation Hazard
The heat radiation hazard is a common hazard in the Thermic Fluid Heater and
in the Reactor of DPO plant which is due to the processes take place at high
temperature. High temperature can cause fatigue and dehydration to the
workers for longer exposure.
The condition of events which can leads to Heat Radiation
Manufacturing processes which take place at high temperature, operation
of thermic fluid heater etc. and the pipeline which carries hot thermic fluid
are the main cause of heat radiation hazards.
A brief description of the measures roused to prevent heat radiation
Preventive Measures:
Proper insulation will be provided to the all equipments where the process
will take place at higher temperature.
Regular testing of the thermal insulation and thickness of the pipelines and
heater will be carried out.
Suitable personnel protective equipments will be provided to the workers.
The time of exposure and shift of workers will be regulated to minimize the
effect of heat radiation.
Regular supervision and monitoring will be conducted to detect and identify
the potential heat stress area.
Rail guards around the heat stress areas shall be provided, with gates to
control access to areas during operation.
The chemical will be stored in a tightly closed container.
Remedial Actions and Recommendation:
Keep material out of water sources and sewers.
Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.
Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike
surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed
concrete.
Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial absorbents.
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Evacuate the affected area.
In case of Fire do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
6.2.4 Electricity Hazard
Electrical Installation will be carried out as per Indian Electricity Act 1910 and
The Indian Electricity Rules, 1956.
Monitoring of earth pit resistance will be carried out.
Safety tag out system under the electric work permit will be done for electric
isolation.
Marking of under ground path of the cable from substation to the
transformer.
Proper earthling will be provided to pump body, drive motor and electrical
switch.
Provision of Rubber mats will be provided in working platforms of control
room.
The ELCB will be installed for human safety as and when required.
6.2.5 Mechanical Hazard
The following general precautions will be taken during the project stages to
minimize and control the hazards due to mechanical failure,
Equipment
Vendors for fabrication will be selected based on the exposure in the related
field. During fabrication the inspections will done at every stage like material
checking, weld joint checking, dimensions like thickness, diameters. All The
installation will be as per the related standards and codes of fabrication.
Civil
In principal R.C.C. frame structure / steel structure frame design will be
considered.
To go for more precise design, Mix Design is considered. Architectural views,
Wind directions, Safety for escape at the time of accidents, Bylaws of
factories inspector’s office and site development is taken for consideration
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of design in view of Equipment’s live loads, loads, working space and other
related details of equipments.
Roads, Drainage, mechanical and electrical layouts are planned in easy
and safe handling from maintenance consideration.
Following accident prevention methods will be used during the operation
stages to minimize and control the hazards due to mechanical failure,
Maintenance and inspection schedules
Regular maintenance and preventive maintenance will be carried out as
per schedule. All the rotating parts will be guarded properly. The high
pressure storage tank thickness will be tested by the outside agency after
every 6 months. The crane system will also tested by the competent person
after every 6 months.
Description of responsibility for plant safety
Safety committee will be formed which complies of senior persons with
officers & workers from each fields. This committee will be meet minimum
once in every three months. The points raised in the committee will
implemented based on the evaluation.
Work permits system
The meaning of work permit is the permit or approval for the work other than
the manufacturing process or routine manufacturing jobs.
This is one type of accident prevention technique. The main objectives of the
permit systems are as follows,
To ensure the safe working place
To ensure that all necessary precautions are taken
To prevent the human error
To prevent the unsafe condition
To prevent the incidents / accidents
To give information to the plant personnel
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To make the hazardous operations smooth and tension free
The various work permits will be introduced according to the requirement.
6.2.6 Health Hazards
Health hazards associated with the occupation are called occupational
hazard. Hazard identification will be carried out through careful study of plant
process. Since chemical & fuel poses different kind of hazard, both have been
separately associated. The chemical poses more of Occupational Health
Hazard, while fuel posses more of safety / accidental hazards. Hazard & risk
assessment has been carried out for exposure to harmful dust / vapors, liquid
pool evaporation or boiling and leakage’s in confined space.
From the preliminary risk assessment study carried out for the unit some of the
possible hazards have been identified which are mentioned in Table 6.4.
Table 6.4: Accident scenarios
Sr. No. Scenario Vulnerability
Zone Control Measures
1. Spill of Solvent/ Acids
Area close to spill area
Isolate the area immediately and ensure no ignition source comes near by. Reclaim the material if possible or cover the spill with sand/mud /foam (to be safely disposed off later)
2.
Toxic Liquid Leakage/ Spillage in Confined
Space
Confined Area
Spillage to be mopped up, decontaminated (if required) and disposed of as per norms. Fresh Air inlet / Ventilation System to be fully opened. Ventilation Exhaust will carry harmful vapors. Personnel to avoid contact with exhaust vapors. Exhaust to be released at safe elevation.
3. Flammable
liquid tank in tank farm on
fire
Area adjoining to tank
periphery/other tanks in tank
farm
Deluge all adjoining tanks till fire stops and heat is dissipated. Transfer/ neutralize the spillage (if any).
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The above mentioned hazards scenarios can further aggravate into much more
serious incidents if not intercepted in time. The fire in one tank of tank farm can
spread to adjoining tanks and may result in explosions. The vulnerability zone will
be considerably enlarged. The vapors of toxic fluids/dust if carried away by
wind above TLV concentrations may further enlarge the vulnerability zone.
Similarly, toxic fluid spillage and all wastes leaving the live processing zone if not
decontaminated properly can cause serious health hazard to plant personnel
and persons in nearby area.
A brief description of the measures roused to prevent health hazard
Safety of plant personnel and equipment’s is of utmost importance
irrespective of plant size. Units should bring its environment, health and safety
policy and follow it. The need of safety is to protect and serve the mankind,
to search and suggest the safe ways of behavior and keeping the safe
working. The potential health aspects, impacts and remedies are shown in
Table 6.5.
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Table 6.5: Prospective Of Health Aspects, Impact and Remedies Potential
Health Aspect
Potential Health Effect First Aid Measures Remedies
INHALATION (acute)
Breathing dust may cause nose, throat or lung irritation and choking. The described effect depends on the degree of exposure.
INHALATION (chronic)
Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause lung injury including silicosis. This product may contain crystalline silica. Crystalline silica has been classified by IARC as a known human carcinogen. Some human studies indicate potential for lung cancer from crystalline silica exposure. Risk of injury depends on duration and level of exposure. Long term exposures which result in silicosis may result in additional health effects.
Move person to fresh
air. Seek medical attention for discomfort.
Under ordinary conditions no
respiratory protection is
required. Wear a NIOSH
approved respirator when exposed to dust
above exposure limits.
EYE CONTACT (acute/chronic)
May cause eye irritation, severe burns and damage to cornea.
Rinse thoroughly with water. Seek medical
attention for abrasions.
Wear glasses or safety goggles
to prevent Contact with eyes. Wearing contact lenses when using this product under
dusty conditions is not
recommended.
SKIN CONTACT (acute/chronic)
May cause dry skin, redness, discomfort, irritation or severe burns. May produce allergic reaction potentially associated with hexavalent chromium. Thickening of the skin (scleroderma) may be associated with exposure to high levels of Crystalline silica.
Wash with soap and water. Use moisturizing creams for irritated skin. Seek medical attention
for burns.
INGESTION (acute/chronic)
Ingestion of large amounts may cause intestinal distress.
Do not induce vomiting, but drink plenty of
water. Seek Medical attention for discomfort.
Wear impervious
gloves, shoes and protective
clothing to prevent skin
contact
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In addition to regular control measures to prevent the health hazards to the
workers, the following check-up shall be carried out regularly to avoid
occupational hazard.
Pre-employment medical check-up at the time of employment.
Provision of periodic medical check up for all the employees.
To provide necessary first aid facilities. The first aid training shall also be given
to the employees.
Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation shall be carried out
at frequent intervals.
The unit will be appointing the medical officer for the regular medical
examination and treatment of the employee.
Certificate of fitness of employ will be maintained.
Equipment required for personal safety like water jel blankets, gloves,
helmets, safety belts, first aid boxes etc. will be provided.
Proximity suits and self- breathing apparatus will be provided.
6.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
6.3.1 Introduction
An emergency is said to have arisen when operators in the plant are not able to
cope with a potential hazardous situation i.e., loss of control of an incident
causing the plant to go beyond its normal operation conditions thus creating
danger. When such an emergency evolves, chain of events which affect the
normal working within the factory area and/or which may cause injuries, loss of
life, substantial damage to property and environment both inside and around
the factory take place and a DISASTER is said have occurred.
Indian industry of late has begun to be aware of the necessity to apply more
systematic approach towards safety; particularly in plant design. Primarily,
safety in the design of the plants depends on the application of various codes
of practice or design codes, which are based on wide experience, and
knowledge of professional experts and specialists in the industry. Such an
application is backed up by the experience of local plant managers and
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engineers who have been involved in similar plants and who have had direct
experience in their operation number of years. The various accidental
happenings in Indian industry during the later half of 80’s has necessitated that
all the industries, old and new must prepare a Disaster Plan for their respective
operations.
Company will also prepare the Onsite Emergency plan of the company.
The various steps involved in the Disaster Management Plan can be summarized as follows: 1. Minimize risk occurrence (Prevention)
2. Rapid control (emergency response)
3. Effectively rehabilitate damaged areas (Restoration) Disaster Management Plan is Involved by careful scrutiny and interlinking of:
Types and cause of disaster.
Technical Know-how.
Resource availability.
Types of Disaster
1. Due to fire and explosion.
2. Due to vapor cloud.
3. Due to toxic gas release from.
4. Hot material spillages.
5. Hurricane, flood, cyclone and other natural calamities.
6.3.2 Objectives of the Plan
This plan will be developed to make best possible use of resources at the
command of Company.
Reduction of possibilities of accident.
Contain the incident and control it with minimum damage.
Safeguard others (evacuating them to safer places)
Rescue the victims and treat them suitably.
Identity the persons affected/dead.
Inform relatives of the causalities.
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Provide authoritative information to the news media.
Preserve relevant records and equipment needed as evidence incase of
any inquire.
Rehabilitate the affected areas.
6.3.3 Identification of Major Hazards
Hazardous due to release of toxic and flammable materials.
Bursting of high – pressure pipe, vessels etc, due to abnormal pressure rise.
Fire hazard due to ignition of fuel i.e. Diesel, Lignite
Exposure hazards
6.3.4 Scope of Plan
The plan is set into action immediately after a fire or other hazardoccurs in and
around the plant as described below,
To minimize damage to property or/and environment.
To work out the plan with all provision to handle emergencies and to provide
for emergency preparedness and periodical rehearsal of the plan.
To preserve records, equipments etc and to organize investigation in to the
cause of the emergency and preventive measures to stop its re-occurrence.
6.3.5 Basics of Plan
The details of roles of key personnel and other personnel will be worked out and
will be given in the On Site Emergency Plan.
The following steps will be taken in case of any emergency.
Rush to the site of incident with 2 or 3 colleagues to assess and to take
immediate action to control and contain the hazard.
Communicate with the concerned authority about the incident and its
gravity.
Inter-departmental co-ordination in respect of Fire / Medical / Safety related
issues, esply with Security Department of the company.
Provide advice/information/help as required by the fire Brigade Officials.
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Safe-guard people and property by cordoning off the area and dispersing
people and evacuating the concerned site for facilitating action.
Preserve all possible evidence, which would facilitate subsequent enquiry
into the cause.
Arrange for the help count.
Arrange for the necessary first aid.
Detailed and precise steps for each of the above activities will be worked out
and also made available to the Shift In charge/Elect dept/Security dept.
A detailed elaborate action plan for disaster management will be prepared
which will take care of the following aspects:
Information brochure on emergency will distributed to each staff member of
the plant and telephone number of key personnel to be contacted during
an emergency will be placed at all operator placement point in the plant.
All Plant Control Room, Electrical Sub-station, Maintenance Department,
Instrument, Civil and all emergency service departments will be connected
with internal telephones network, which will act as easy and immediate
means of communication.
The industry will install a fire alarm and fire hydrant at fire sensitive locations,
Important and major gas carrying pipes will be periodically checked by and
inspected by means of gas leak tester.
For handing of fire near the chemicals storage tank area, necessary fire
Extinguisher will be installed.
For blocking flam propagation back in the gas flame traps will be provided.
Workers will be trained regularly on fire hazard drill.
Various locations will be covered with fire hydrant systems which is being
tested and put into operation in such a manner that it remains operational
during emergency.
24, Hours vehicle service and in plant first aid emergency kit will be provided.
Once the plant is commissioned, the Collector, the Police Control Room,
Civil Defense authorities and Local authorities will be informed and kept
coordinated.
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Coded colors for pipe line, vessels etc. will be used as per ISI.
6.3.6 General Remedial Measures
Small leaks could occur frequently in routine operations, like pump seal
failure, sample point valve or drain valve left open flange leak etc. Drip trays
will be provided at all locations where routine operational leak is expected.
Provision will be made to recover the leaked material.
All non-routine works such as gasket replacing welding etc. will be carried
out under a permit system.
Adequate number of caution boards highlighting the hazards of the
chemicals proposed to be handled; eye baths and emergency showers will
be provided at critical locations.
Adequate number of absorbents will be placed at accessible locations in
the tank farm are as well as in the pump house which would enable to
contain spills immediately.
Adequate color coding and labeling of the pipeline will be provided for
easy identification of products to be handled through them.
The effect of incident on the installation within the affected zone can be
reduced, by providing high integrity material and adequate installation of
the structure and proper cooling of the installation near by water through
houses.
The damage distance due to any failure can be reduced, by reducing the
time required to stop the leak which in turn would reduce the quantity of
spillage. The response time will be reduced by installing/maintaining
instruments, effective communication system etc.
Rubber mats will be provided in from of electric panels of the entire plant
with a view to prevent employ from receiving electric shocks.
Adequate CO2 type fire extinguishers will be provided in the control room.
CO2 type fire extinguishers will also be placed on the platform adjacent to
cells for easy access in case of an emergency.
Adequate no. of DCP, CO2, foam type and other required fire fighting
arrangements as per Factory’s act will be provided.
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Risk assessment and HAZOP study will be carried out before commencement
of the project.
Safety manual will be prepared and will be made available to all the
employees.
Training Of Workers and Equipment Necessary To Ensure Safety Of Such Workers
Training and Education
Regular training would be provided to all personnel who have a role in planning
and operational response to an emergency. The main goal of training for
emergencies is to enable the participants to understand their roles in the
response organization, the tasks associated with each position and the
procedures for maintaining effective communications with other response
functions and individuals.
The training objectives are:
i) To familiarize personnel with the contents and manner of implementation
of the ERP and its procedures.
ii) To train personnel in the performance of the specific duties assigned to
them in the ERP and in the applicable implementing procedures.
iii) To keep personnel informed of any changes in the ERP and the
implementing procedures.
iv) To maintain a high degree of preparedness at all levels of the Emergency
Response Organization
v) Train new personnel who may have moved within the facility organization.
vi) Test the validity, effectiveness, timing and content of ERP.
vii) Update and modify the plan on the basis of experience acquired through
exercises and drills.
Drills and Exercises
Drills will be carried out to train the employees. Emergency drills and integrated
exercises have the following objectives. These constitute another important
component of emergency preparedness. They refer to the re-enactment, under
the assumption of a mock scenario, of the implementation of response actions
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to be taken during an emergency, to test the adequacy of the effectiveness,
timing, content of the ERP and implementing procedures.
i) To test the adequacy of the effectiveness, timing and content of the ERP
and implementing procedures.
ii) To ensure that the emergency organization personnel are familiar with
their duties and responsibilities by demonstration.
iii) Provide hands-on experience with the procedures to be implemented
during emergency.
iv) Maintain emergency preparedness.
The frequency of the drills would vary depending on the severity of the hazard.
However, drills would be conducted once in a month for each plant and once
in a quarter for the whole site... Scenarios may be developed in such a manner
as to accomplish more than one event objective.
Drills and exercises will be conducted as realistically as is reasonably
practicable.
Planning for drills and exercises would include:
1. The basic objectives
2. The dates, times and places.
3. The participating organizations
4. The events to be simulated
5. An approximate schedule of events
6. Arrangements for qualified observers
7. An appropriate critique of drills/exercises with participants