Chapter 3
description
Transcript of Chapter 3
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Chapter 3
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Phylum Chordata
At some point of their lives, all have a:- notochord
- hollow nerve cord- pharyngeal pouches- tail
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Three groups of Chordates
• Lancelets• Tunicates • Vertebrates – largest group – has a backbone
No backbone
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Vertebrates
• Backbone or vertebral column - Protects spine
- Support• Endoskeleton
-Support -Shape -grows with the organism
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Groups of Chordates
• Eight Groups- Six are ectotherms
-Rely on environment for heat - “cold blooded”
- Two are endotherms - Maintain their body heat - “warm blooded”
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FISH• Evolved 540 mya• Ectotherms• Water dwelling vertebrates• Scales (most)• Fins• Gills• Most do external fertilization
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Jawless Fish• Most primitive• No scales, fins, bones or
jaw• Has skeleton made of
cartilage• Examples- hagfish and
lamprey
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Cartilaginous Fish• Skeleton made of
cartilage• Tooth-like scales• No swim bladder• Sharks, skates, and
rays
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Bony Fish
• Have a swim bladder -Gives the ability to float or sink• Color vision• Lateral line that senses movement
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AMPHIBIANS• Evolved 350 mya• Ectotherms• Lungs• Breathe through skin• Term amphibian means “double life”• Live on land and water – soft eggs• Goes through metamorphosis• Ecological indicators
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Caecilians• Legless amphibian• Lives in damp soil in
the tropics• Eats small
invertebrates• Thin moist skin• Small eyes under skin
but are blind
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Salamander
• 390 known species• Eats small vertebrates• Long tail and four
small legs
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How Frogs and Toads are Alike • 90% of all amphibians are frogs and toads• Found all over the world• Highly adapted for life on land• Sticky tongues that are attached to the front of
the mouth instead of the back• Strong legs for jumping• Ears• Vocal cords
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How Frogs and Toads are Different
frogs• Smooth skin• Moist skin• Lay eggs in bunches
toads• Bumpy skin• Dry skin• Lay eggs in strings
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Frog Life Cycle
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REPTILES• Thick, dry, water tight skin• Ectotherms• Lungs to breathe• Evolved 300 mya • Strong vertical legs • Most lay thick rubbery eggs. This allows them
to reproduce on land• Internal fertilization
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Reptile eggs
• Shell - protects the egg• Albumen – provides water and protein• Amniotic sac - protects embryo• Yolk - provides food• Allantois – stores waste and passes oxygen
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ter
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Lizards • About 4,000 species• Live in deserts, jungle, forests and grasslands• Most eat small invertebrates and plants but
some are strictly herbivores• The tail of some lizards separate from the
body when the lizard is grabbed. The tail that is left behind wriggles, confusing the other animal.
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Turtles and Tortoises
• 250 species• Slow and inflexible• Protective shell• Tortoises live on land and have bumpy shell• Turtles live on land and have smooth shells
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Snakes
• About 1600 species• No legs• Scales on belly pull snake
forward• Carnivores with a good
sense of smell
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Alligators and Crocodiles
• Eyes and nose on top of head so they can hide under water
• Alligators have a rounded snout, crocodiles have a narrow snout
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Alligators and Crocodiles