Chapter 3
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Transcript of Chapter 3
Understanding Culture
• What is Culture?
• Culture - is the way of life of people who share similar beliefs and customs.
Understanding Culture
• There are 8 traits in which you can divide a culture.
– Social groups– Language– Religion– Daily Life– History– Arts
– Government– Economy
Social Groups
• Social Group – the different groups of people in a society. Rich Middle Class Poor Age
Roles of men and Women
Ethnic Group: a group of people who share a common history, language, religion, and physical features.
Social Groups
• Majority Groups – group of people in a society that control most of the wealth and power
• Minority Group – group of people in a society is the group of people which have a different race or ethnicity than the majority group.
Question
• Use your book and find what are the majority, and minority groups in the United States.
• Majority Groups : Caucasian
• Minority Groups: African Americans and Hispanic Americans.
Language
• Language is one of the strongest unifying forces for a culture.
• Dialect – a local form of a language that differs from the same language in other areas. – Schuylkill County has a dialect.– CoalSpeak: Dictionary of the Coal Region
Religion
• Religion helps people answer basic questions about life and its meaning.
• Many types of religions around the world. Some of the most common are:
– Buddhism– Christianity– Hinduism– Islam– Judaism
Types of Religion
• Buddhism – Belief in the Eightfold Path- rules that lead to a life of morality, wisdom, and good thought.
• Nirvana – State of Bliss – achieved when you follow the eightfold path.
• Leader – Buddha
Buddhism
• 365 million followers or 6% of the world’s population.
• Buddhism is the 4th largest religion in the world.
• Started in India spread into Sri Lanka and then across Asia.
Christianity
• Christians believe that Jesus the son of God was sent to Earth died on the cross to save humanity.
• Having faith in Jesus, you will have eternal life in heaven.
• Leader is Jesus Christ - monotheistic• 2.1 Billion people in the world are Christian• About 75% of all American adults consider
themselves Christian.
Hinduism
• Reincarnation - after death the soul is reborn in another form. (person, animal, vegetable)
• Karma – spiritual force resulting from action in the past lives. Karma determines what a persons soul will be reborn as.
• Polytheistic – more than one God. The 3 main Gods are Brahma, Vishnu and Siva
• Leader - Unknown
Hinduism
• About 900 million people.• 3rd largest religion in the world• Originated in India• Shastras – book of their spiritual laws
Islam
• Followers are known as Muslims• Monotheistic – 1 God – Allah• Follow the Quran• Muhammad – prophet that said the Quran was
revealed to him by Allah• 5 Pillars of Faith –take you to eternal paradise– Belief Fasting– Charity Prayer
– Pilgrimage
Islam
• 1.5 billion people• 2nd largest religion in the world. • Islam – means submission• Origin Saudi Arabia
Judaism
• Monotheistic- 1 God – Yahweh• Believe they will have peace with each other
and God if they follow God’s laws. • Torah- first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible.• Leader – Abraham• About 14 million people are Jewish
Judaism
• Hannukah- commemorates the Jews struggle for religious freedom
• 8 Days long – because after the victory, the menorah was lit for eight days when they thought it would only last for one.
• Menorah – 8 candles.• Celebrates the Maccabees victory over the
Syrian Greeks
Religions of the World
• http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html
Daily Life
• The things that we eat, say and do everyday as part of our lives.
• Many of these traditions have originated in other parts of the world. – Eating pizza, tacos, yogurt, egg rolls.– Eating with silverware, fingers, chopsticks– Clothing that we wear.
History
• The things in the past that we remember as a significant part of our daily lives. – Holidays – 4th of July, Cinco de Mayo, Veterans Day– Time periods – World War II, Civil War,
Enlightenment– People – George Washington, Queen Elizabeth,
Napolean
Arts
• An expression of feelings, time periods. – Pictures– Sculptures– Literature– Dance
– Architecture– Music
Government
• Rule or laws that people live by in a country• Limited Governments – all people must live
by the written law of the land– Constitution– Statement of Rights• Unlimited Governments – rulers have powers that
are not limited by laws.– Hitler
Government
• Democracy - form of limited government where power rests with the people of the nation.
• Dictatorship – Unlimited government where rulers rely on the police and military to take power by force.
• Monarchy – kings and queens are born into a ruling family. (Until about 1600 absolute monarchy unlimited power however now, most countries use a constitutional monarch which is limited. )
Direct Democracy
• All citizens vote directly on issues.
• What countries have a direct democracy?– Switzerland– New England towns
Representative Democracy
• People vote for representatives who lead the country and make laws.
• What countries have a Representative Democracy?
– United States – Russia– France
Representative Democracy
• The majority rules in a democracy• People vote for who they feel is the best
representative. Once chosen, the representative is responsible for getting the people what they want. – Presidential Election- people are voting on who is
the best person to lead the country.
Constitutional Monarchy
• Monarch inherits the right to rule however they have limited powers.
• What countries have a constitutional monarchy– United Kingdom– Japan– Sweden – Jordan
Absolute Monarchy
• Inherits the right to rule, however they have limited power.
• What countries have an absolute monarch?– Saudi Arabia
Dictatorship
• Makes all laws and suppresses any opposition– Hitler- Germany– Stalin – Soviet Union
What countries have a dictatorship?Cuba - Iraq – Under Saddam Hussein
Economy
• How the people in a society earn a living. • Deals with the money of a country– Farming– Manufacturing– Services
Traditional Economy
• Customs and traditions determine what and how to produce. Resources are usually shared. Passed down from generation to generation.
• Bartering or exchanging is used
– Inuits – Canada– Parts of Africa and South America
Command Economy
• Government owns resources and controls production, prices, and wages.
• “Communism” refers to Command Economies
– China– North Korea– Former USSR
Market Economy
• Individuals own resources and determine what and how to produce.
• Supply and Demand policy – prices and wages are set based on the producers supply, and the consumer demand.
• Also Known as consumer economics.– United States
Mixed
• Individuals own most resources and determine what and how to produce
• Government can regulate some industries– Almost all nations have this form of economics
including the United States.
Government vs. Economy
Government• Laws that are used to
control and regulate a country
Economy• The jobs and money matters
of a country. How the people of a country make a living.
Cultural Change
• Cultures do not remain the same• Cultural Diffusion - spreading new knowledge
and skills to other cultures. • What are causes of cultural diffusion?
– Television– Movies– Internet