Chapter 3
-
Upload
mindymichelle963 -
Category
News & Politics
-
view
103 -
download
0
Transcript of Chapter 3
Industrial Growth
Chapter 3
3.1TECHNOLOGICAL, INNOVATIONS, AND URBANIZATION
After Civil War, America continued to become an industrial urban society.
InventorsSamuel Morse – telegraphAlexander Graham Bell- telephoneThomas Edison – Light bulb
CanalsImproved water travel New York’s Erie Canal
Ship goods west more easilyHelp NYC become major economic center
Inventions and Innovation
Business and individuals communicate more easilyLonger working hours and
better products
RailroadsShip goods across country cheaper, faster, and
more efficientlyAllowed the west to expand and grow
The Internal Combustion EngineRelied on the combustion of fossil fuels like
gasoline lead to the breakthrough of the automobile
Henry FordFirst to perfect and successfully market
automobileModel T
Mass productionProduce enough automobiles to see them at
reduced pricesAssemble line – employees stayed while the parts
movedThought of workers as consumers
Wanted workers to afford an automobilePaid them unheard-of $5 per day
Automobiles and Airplanes
MigrationMany people left farms for citiesHigher wagesFewer people make living off of farming
ImmigrationMany from Eastern and Southern Europe
Italy, Russia, PolandEllis Island
New York Harbor – 1892Reception center for poor immigrants arriving by
shipCultural shock
Migration and Immigrants
Population became very denseMelting Pot – people of all backgrounds come
together in the U.S. to assimilate into American culture
Many did not want to assimilate and loose their heritage
Cities started to experience cultural pluralism – presence of many different cultures in one society
Problems and ConcernsU.S. citizens looked at immigrants negatively
Took jobs away from AmericansMistrusted immigrants because of cultures barriersPracticing culture and speaking native language is
disloyal to the U.S.Ethnic Ghettos – inner city cities with immigrants
of same culture, language, and heritageReligious tension
Push and Pull FactorsPush factors – why people leave one region for
anotherWar, religious freedom, natural disasters,
political/religious prosecution Pull Factors – why people want to come to a
regionPolitical freedom, religious freedom, jobs,
economic opportunities
Living and Working Conditions among ImmigrantsTenements – small over crowded apartment
where immigrants livedOne room, unsafe, unsanitary
Worked long hours under hazardous conditionsSweatshops – contracted out work from factories
located in small makeshift factories or apartmentsPoorly lit, poorly ventilation, unsafeLong hours, little pay
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory1911 factory fireNine floor building which had 500 workers (women
and some children) on a SaturdayMost doors locked to prevent them from leaving
Suburbs formed with the electric trolleyClassifications developed:
Middle class and upper class moved away from cities
Poor class and immigrants remained in the inner cities
FarmsWorked until the work was doneNot a lot of leisure time
FactoryWorked by the clockEntertainment began to grow with leisure time
Urban Life in the Age of Industrialization
Entertainment Salons – popular place for men to socialize,
drink, and talk politicsDance halls and musical shows – entertainment
for womenAmusement parks and Vaudeville shows
(inexpensive variety shows)Boxing, horse racing and baseballNew York’s Central Park – landscaper
Frederick Law Olmsted
Take out your homework.
If you were absent Friday, grab 3.2 from the back.
3.2THE RISE OF BIG BUSINESS
Bessemer Process: developed by Sir henry BessemerNew method for making steelMake quicker and efficientExpansion for railroads and building
constructionAndrew Carnegie: dominated the steel
industryCreated a monopoly on the industryGospel of Wealth – Carnegie believed he should
use the money on public causes not spend it on frivolous pursuits
Rags to riches story
Giants of Early U.S. Industrialization
Edwin L. Drake – drilled for oil in PAJohn D. Rockefeller – becoming the nations
riches and most powerful businessmanStandard Oil was the nations first trust
a business arrangement which a number of companies unite under one system
Help create monopoliesEliminate competitors, control the U.S. oil
industry, and dictate prices
Cornelius Vanderbilt – impact on the railroad industryMade it possible to travel form New York to
Chicago nonstop by trainJ.P. Morgan – most powerful and influential
finance capitalistControl over banks, insurance companies, and
some stock-market operations Bought out Carnegie’s steel company making
Carnegie the richest man in the world
George Westinghouse – invented transformers so electricity can be transmitted at alternating currents to points farawayWestinghouse Electric founder
Rapid growth after the Civil WarFactories replace local shops Stimulate economic growthBusiness owners enjoyed “limited liability”
Afford to invest large amounts of money without the risk of loosing everything if the business failed
Corporations
3.3POLITICS AND CORRUPTION
Spoils systemGovernment officials awarded supports with
government positionsLed to a lot of corruption in government assassination of President James Garfield by
man who did not receive a government position led to the passage of the Pendleton Act
Pendleton ActEstablished the Civil Service Commission
Required applications to pass a civil service exam Appointment would be based on merit not loyalties
The Spoils System and the Pendleton Act
Political MachinesUnofficial entities meant to keep a certain
party or group in powerMost famous political boss was New York’s
Boss William TweedRan Tammany Hall – political club that controlled
the city’s Democratic partyThomas Nast’s political cartoons helped to bring
him down from powerGraft – the use of ones political position or job
to gain wealth
Sherman Antitrust ActPassed by Congress during President Benjamin
HarrisonMade monopolies illegal Supreme Court ruling on E.C. Knight Company
saidSherman Antitrust Act cannot be used to break-up
monopolies in manufacturing just distribution of a product
Government Regulations
Create a newspaper article (if you were writing it back then) on two of the men we discussed yesterday. (3-5 paragraphs) Microsoft Publisher has a newspaper template on in. You are to compare and contrast these men based on business practices and lives. Then tell if these men are “Captains of Industry” or “Robber Barons”. Explain.
Project