Chapter 2~The Chemistry of Life 2.1~The Nature of Matter.
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Transcript of Chapter 2~The Chemistry of Life 2.1~The Nature of Matter.
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Chapter 2~The Chemistry of Life
2.1~The Nature of Matter
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Atoms2500 years ago—Democritus called the smallest fragment the atom.
Atoms are very small (100 million atoms would only be about the width of your little finger)
Atoms are made of 3 subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons)
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Protons are positively charged and are located in the nucleus.
Neutrons have no charge and are located in the nucleus
Electrons have a negative charge and are located around the nucleus.
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Protons, Electrons, and Atomic Number are the same number in a neutral atom.
Protons + Neutrons = mass number
Chemical Element- pure substance that consists of one type of atom.
There are more than 100 elements found on the Periodic Table, but only about 24 are common.
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Elements are represented by one or two letters.
C = carbon
H = hydrogen
Na = sodium
Hg = mercury
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Isotope – atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
All isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties
Chemical Compounds- a substance formed by chemical combination of two or more elements.
Physical and chemical properties are different from the elements it is made of
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Examples
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Chemical Bonds are created by interaction between electrons
Two major types are:1. Ionic Bond – occurs when electrons are transferred, causes an electrically charged atom (called an ion)
2. Covalent Bond – occurs when electrons are shared (creates a molecule)