Chapter 29

Challenges with a new Era

Terrorism

• Def. is the use of violence, often against civilian targets, to force political or social change

• e.g. bombings, hijackings, kidnappings• Fear is essential• KKK• Al Qaeda• Originally against U.S. abroad

Terrorism attacks

• 1988- Airplane explodes over Scotland–270 people die/ 189 Americans

• 1993 WTC Bombing–6 people killed, 1000+ injured

• 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing–168 killed

Day of Horror

• Sept. 11, 2001• 4 jets hijacked–2 flown into WTC buildings–1 flown into Pentagon–Flight 93 ended up in field outside

Washington D.C.

U.S. Reactions

• Give Blood, Rescue Teams, Donations

• Office of Homeland Security–counterterrorism

• Patriot Act–Special powers–Library Access–Arrest and held indefinitely

Discussion

• Liberty: rights, privacy, choice• Safety: protection, hunches, hold

indefinitely• Which?

War on Terror

• Osama bin Laden (al Qaeda)• Afghanistan• Bin Laden protected by Taliban• Attack in Oct. 2001• Took out gov’t, Bin Laden escapes• New gov’t established -> Pres. &

Parlaiment

War in Iraq

• Reasons• Saddam Hussein w/ ties to Bin

Laden• Saddam has WMDs

• Action• March 2003: coalition of 30

nations• Smashed forces in 6 weeks

Results

• Saddam captured in 2003, killed in 2006

• Majority of Americans support Bush’s attacks on Iraq

• Divides Americans• Bush receives a second term• 2006- Democrats win Congress• Iraq: Sunni vs. Shiite

Section 2Economy and the Environment

World Trade

• Globalization• The process of creating an international

network• Trade Deficits• Occurs when a countries buys more from

other nations than it sells to them• Result of cheap labor abroad• 2005: $725 billion

• Outsourcing: sending work to other countries

World Trade cont.

• Tariffs/Free Trade–Free trade: removal of trade

barriers–Tariffs to raise prices on foreign

goods–Trade Wars

Environment

• Environmental movement– Began with Rachel Carson and Silent

Spring (1962)• Use of DDT banned as a result

– 1969- oil spill along California coast– Smog blanketed cities– Sewage found on beaches– 1970: first Earth Day– Environmentalist: a reformer who seeks to

protect the environment

Environmental Action

• Nixon forms the EPA• Push for recycling• Critics claim costly legislation• 2001 Bush allows drilling in Alaska

Katrina

• August 29, 2005• Destroyed New Orleans• Area the size of Great Britain affected• Superdome use for evacuees • 20 countries pledge aid• Total damage: $100 Billion• ¼ oil output/ 10% refined oil

The Energy Supply

• Oil Embargo– 1973 OPEC votes to cut off oil to Israel

supporting nations• Severe oil shortage• People wait hours for few gallons

Alternative Energy Sources

• Encourage the use of renewable resources– Renewable resources: energy resources that

are easily restored by nature– e.g. wind, water, solar–Water: limited availability– Solar energy equipment takes up too much

space–Wind amount available is variable–Nuclear: expensive, nuclear waste result– 1979 Three-Mile Island, Penn.-> accident leads

to concerns

Global Warming

• Def. a worldwide rise in temperatures• “greenhouse gasses”• Danger vs. cycles• Kyoto Protocol (1997)– Pledge to reduce carbon dioxide

emissions– Pres. Bush rejects