2007-2008 AP Biology

DomainBacteria

DomainArchaea

DomainEukarya

Common ancestor

Kingdom: Protists

Domain Eukarya

AP Biology

General characteristics Classification criteria

eukaryotes not animal, plant or fungi

That’s more ofwhat they’re not

& notwhat they are!

AP Biology

Great Diversity

dino

flage

llate

s

& c

iliat

es

eugl

enoi

ds

brow

n al

gae

& d

iato

ms

red

alga

e

gree

n al

gae

mis

cella

neou

s?

AP Biology

Problems with Protist Classification

Euglenozo

a

Animal

s

Strepto

phyta

(incl

udes la

nd pla

nts)

Choanofla

gellid

a

Fungi

Chloro

phyta

Rhodophyta

Stram

enopila

Alveo

lata

Archae

a

Bacte

ria

Something’snot right here!

Too Diverse! doesn’t reflect any evolutionary relationship

amongst all kingdom members paraphyletic

AP Biology

Theory of Endosymbiosis

Ancestral eukaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell withmitochondrion

internal membrane system

aerobic bacterium

mitochondrion

chloroplast

Eukaryotic cell with chloroplasts

photosyntheticbacterium

Paramecium & symbiont Chlorella

AP Biology

Protist Diversity The full spectrum of modes of life

from unicellular to multicellular autotrophic to heterotrophic asexual to sexual reproduction pathogenic to beneficial sessile to mobile

AP Biology

Mobility How Protists move

flagellum cilia pseudopod

AP Biology

Protist Diversity Animal-like Protists

heterotrophs, predators Amoeba Paramecium Stentor

Paramecium with food vacuoles stained red

Amoeba ingesting a Paramecium

AP Biology

Protist Diversity Plant-like Protists

autotrophs, photosynthesis Euglena algae diatoms

AP Biology

Protist Diversity Parasitic & pathogenic Protists

malariaGiardia trypanosomes

Plasmodium

Giardia

Trypanosoma

AP Biology

Protist Diversity Beneficial & necessary Protists

phytoplankton small algae + diatoms much of the world’s photosynthesis produces ~90% of atmospheric oxygen

zooplankton heterotrophic protists + animals key ecological role at base of

marine food web

Mmmmmm!Sounds like breakfast!

2007-2008 AP Biology

Any Questions??