CHAPTER 28

Nation Building in North and South

America, 1789 – 1914

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1. The Trials and Triumphs of the United States

A. Unification and Consolidation1. The U.S. Constitution

B. Expansion and Social Division1. The Louisiana Purchase and the decline of the Spanish Empire2. Manifest destiny

C. North Against South1. Sectionalism2. Slavery3. Impact of the Civil War

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1. The Trials and Triumphs of the United States (cont’d)

D. Industry, Immigration, and Overseas Commitments1. Immigration and nativism2. Emergence of U.S. as world power

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2. The Consolidation and Expansion of Canada

A. French and British Colonization of CanadaB. Dominion, Expansion, and Ethnic Anxieties

1. Union2. Expansion3. Ethnic tensions

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3. The Revolutions of Latin America

A. Preconditions for Revolution1. Criollos and peninsulares2. Impact of Enlightenment ideas3. Reform and rebellion, to 18084. Impact of the Napoleonic Wars

B. Regional Character of the Spanish American Revolutions

C. Independence Movements in South America1. Simón Bolívar2. José de San Martín

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3. The Revolutions of Latin America (cont’d)

D. Failure and Eventual Success in Mexico1. Failure of social revolution2. Success of conservative uprising

E. From Colony to Empire in Brazil1. The end of Portuguese rule

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4. Mexico from Santa Ana to Díaz

A. La Reforma1. Benito Juárez

B. Social Structure and Porfiriato1. Poverty and prosperity2. The Porfiriato

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5. Argentina and Chili: Contrasts in the Southern Cone

A. Argentina from Rivadavia to Rosas1. Portenos and gauchos2. Bernardino Rivadavia3. Juan Maneul de Rosas

B. Modernization, Society, Women, and the Economy1. Modernization and the conquest of the wilderness2. Changing place of women3. Agriculture and the global market4. Expansion and immigration

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5. Argentina and Chili: Contrasts in the Southern Cone (cont’d)

C. Chilean Institutionalization1. Diego Portales and institutionalization2. Liberalism, prosperity, war

D. Social Stratification and Inequality1. The War of the Pacific2. Social stratification and inequality3. The Revolution of 1891

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6. Brazil’s Experiment with Empire

A. The Long Reign of Pedro II1. Pedro II2. Modernization

B. Slavery, Society, and Imperial Collapse1. Slavery and political stability2. Impact of European immigration

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