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Transcript of Chapter 27
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1
Chapter 27Chapter 27
Upon completion you will be able to:
Next Generation:Next Generation:IPv6 and ICMPv6IPv6 and ICMPv6
• Understand the shortcomings of IPv4 • Know the IPv6 address format, address types, and abbreviations• Be familiar with the IPv6 header format• Know the extension header types• Know the differences between ICMPv4 and ICMPv6• Know the strategies for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6
Objectives
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 2
27.1 IPv6
IPv6 has these advantages over IPv4: IPv6 has these advantages over IPv4: 1. 1. larger address space larger address space 2. 2. better header format better header format 3. 3. new options new options4. 4. allowance for extension allowance for extension5. 5. support for resource allocation support for resource allocation 6. 6. support for more securitysupport for more security
The topics discussed in this section include:The topics discussed in this section include:
IPv6 Addresses IPv6 Addresses Address Space Assignment Address Space Assignment Packet Format Packet Format Comparison between IPv4 and IPv6 Comparison between IPv4 and IPv6
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 3
Figure 27.1 IPv6 address
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 4
Figure 27.2 Abbreviated address
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 5
Figure 27.3 Abbreviated address with consecutive zeros
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 6
Figure 27.4 CIDR address
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 7
Figure 27.5 Address structure
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 8
Table 27.1 Table 27.1 Type prefixes for IPv6 addressesType prefixes for IPv6 addresses
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 9
Figure 27.6 Provider-based address
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 10
Figure 27.7 Address hierarchy
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 11
Figure 27.8 Unspecified address
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 12
Figure 27.9 Loopback address
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 13
Figure 27.10 Compatible address
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 14
Figure 27.11 Mapped address
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 15
Figure 27.12 Link local address
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 16
Figure 27.13 Site local address
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 17
Figure 27.14 Multicast address
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 18
Figure 27.15 IPv6 datagram
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 19
Figure 27.16 Format of an IPv6 datagram
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 20
Table 27.2 Table 27.2 Next header codesNext header codes
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 21
Table 27.3 Table 27.3 Priorities for congestion-controlled Priorities for congestion-controlled traffic traffic
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 22
Table 27.4 Table 27.4 Priorities for noncongestion-controlledPriorities for noncongestion-controlled traffic traffic
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 23
Table 27.5 Table 27.5 Comparison between IPv4 and IPv6 packet headerComparison between IPv4 and IPv6 packet header
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 24
Figure 27.17 Extension header format
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 25
Figure 27.18 Extension header types
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 26
Figure 27.19 Hop-by-hop option header format
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 27
Figure 27.20 The format of options in a hop-by-hop option header
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 28
Figure 27.21 Pad1
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 29
Figure 27.22 PadN
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 30
Figure 27.23 Jumbo payload
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 31
Figure 27.24 Source routing
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 32
Figure 27.25 Source routing example
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 33
Figure 27.26 Fragmentation
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 34
Figure 27.27 Authentication
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 35
Figure 27.28 Calculation of authentication data
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 36
Figure 27.29 Encrypted security payload
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 37
Figure 27.30 Transport mode encryption
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 38
Figure 27.31 Tunnel-mode encryption
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 39
Table 27.6 Table 27.6 Comparison between IPv4 options and IPv6 extensionComparison between IPv4 options and IPv6 extension headers headers
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 40
27.2 ICMPv6
ICMPv6, while similar in strategy to ICMPv4, has changes that makes it ICMPv6, while similar in strategy to ICMPv4, has changes that makes it more suitable for IPv6. ICMPv6 has absorbed some protocols that were more suitable for IPv6. ICMPv6 has absorbed some protocols that were independent in version 4.independent in version 4.
The topics discussed in this section include:The topics discussed in this section include:
Error Reporting Error Reporting Query Query
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 41
Figure 27.32 Comparison of network layers in version 4 and version 6
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 42
Figure 27.33 Categories of ICMPv6 messages
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 43
Figure 27.34 General format of ICMP messages
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 44
Figure 27.35 Error-reporting messages
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 45
Table 27.7 Table 27.7 Comparison of error-reporting messages in ICMPv4 Comparison of error-reporting messages in ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 and ICMPv6
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 46
Figure 27.36 Destination-unreachable message format
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 47
Figure 27.37 Packet-too-big message format
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 48
Figure 27.38 Time-exceeded message format
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 49
Figure 27.39 Parameter-problem message format
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 50
Figure 27.40 Redirection message format
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 51
Figure 27.41 Query messages
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 52
Table 27.8 Table 27.8 Comparison of query messages in ICMPv4 Comparison of query messages in ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 and ICMPv6
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 53
Figure 27.42 Echo request and reply messages
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 54
Figure 27.43 Router-solicitation and advertisement message formats
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 55
Figure 27.44 Neighbor-solicitation and advertisement message formats
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 56
Figure 27.45 Group-membership messages
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 57
Figure 27.46 Group-membership message formats
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 58
Figure 27.47 Four situations of group-membership operation
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 59
27.3 TRANSITION FROM IPv4 TO IPv6
Three strategies have been devised by the IETF to provide for a smooth Three strategies have been devised by the IETF to provide for a smooth transition from IPv4 to IPv6.transition from IPv4 to IPv6.
The topics discussed in this section include:The topics discussed in this section include:
Dual Stack Dual Stack Tunneling Tunneling Header Translation Header Translation
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 60
Figure 27.48 Three transition strategies
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 61
Figure 27.49 Dual stack
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 62
Figure 27.50 Automatic tunneling
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 63
Figure 27.51 Configured tunneling
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 64
Figure 27.52 Header translation
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 65
Table 27.9 Table 27.9 Header translationHeader translation