Chapter 2.5 Sustainable Strategies

8/13/2019 Chapter 2.5 Sustainable Strategies

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SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

POSSIBLE STRATEGIES


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SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION:

POSSIBLE STRATEGIES1. Procurement : Specific procurement strategies to ensure sustainable constructionrequirements are addressed.

2. Site / Environment : Methods to reduce the environmental impact of construction on the project site and surrounding environment are identified.

3. Material Selection : Identifies environmentally friendly building materials as well as harmful

and toxic materials that should be avoided.4. Waste Prevention : Methods to reduce and eliminate waste on construction projects are

identified.

5. Recycling : Identifies materials to recycle at each phase of construction and methods tosupport the onsite recycling effort.

6. Energy : Methods to ensure and improve the buildings energy performance, reduce energyconsumed during construction, and identify opportunities to use renewable energy sources.

7. Building and Material Reuse : Identifies reusable materials and methods to facilitate the future reuse of a facility, systems, equipment, products and materials.

8. Health and Safety : Methods to improve the quality of life for construction workers areidentified.

9. Indoor Environment Quality : Methods to ensure indoor environmental quality measuresduring construction are managed and executed properly.

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SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION:

POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATIONS?Construction Project Management

Construction Management

Site Management

Facilities Management

Planning3+5+6+7

Design3+4+5+6

+7

Procurement1

Construction3+4+5+6+7+8+9

Handover5+7

Decommissioning6+7Site activities

started2+4+5+7+8+9

Liability period5+7

1.Procurement2.Site / Environment3.Material Selection

4.Waste Prevention5.Recycling6.Energy7.Building and Material Reuse8.Health and Safety9.Indoor Environment Quality

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CAN WE DIG QUITE DEEPER?WHAT ARE THEY?

AN EXAMPLEFOR EACH POSSIBLE

STRATEGIES


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1. PROCUREMENT !

Procurement is a term which describes theactivities undertaken by a client or employerwho is seeking to bring about the constructionor refurbishment of a building.

It is a mechanism which provides a solution tothe question: " how do I get my project built?

(The Joint Contracts Tribunal Limited, London)


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1. PROCUREMENT ! (cont.)

USE SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT Sustainable procurement helps ensure value

for money and lower operational costs whilstprotecting the environment and bringing uswider societal benefits.Lord de Mauley, Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Resource

Management, the Local Environment and EnvironmentalScience (at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural

Affairs), 2012, London.


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1. PROCUREMENT ! (cont.) Processes of Sustainable Procurement (based on London Olympic 2012):

a. Pre-procurement : Early engagement with the supply chain: communication of opportunities, which allowed

identification of best practice as well as innovative products, materials and suppliers; Communication of contract opportunities to potential suppliers.

b. Tender Specifications : Developing a comprehensive design brief with sustainability requirements fully integrated.

c. Pre-qualification : Use of appropriate selection criteria: it focused on past contractors/suppliers performance

but it helped on some aspects of sifting bidders.d. Award Stage :

All tenders had a set of award criteria that included sustainability and were evaluated on thebasis of most economically advantageous tender (MEAT). The environmental sustainabilityassessment formed part of the technical evaluation.

e. Contract Stage : Contract requirements, including detailed sustainability requirements (may integrate GBI).

(Further reading: London 2012 Olympic andParalympic Games; The Legacy: SustainableProcurement for Construction Projects: A Guide)


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2. SITE / ENVIRONMENT !

SHIFT of excavation and pre-fabricated parttransportation to site from truck to railway .

90% or more avoided truck kilometers (transportof excavation and pre-fabricated parts), reductionof 54 to 67% in Nox-emissions.

(Further reading: NYCGlobal PartnersInnovation Exchange,2010.)


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3. MATERIAL SELECTION !

USE LOCALLY AVAILABLE: Building materials, components, and systems

found locally or regionally saving energy andresources in transportation to the project site.

BUY LESS TOXIC BUILDING MATERIALS: Avoid thermostats that contain mercury, pressure-

treated lumber, and any products made ofpolyvinyl chloride (PVC, commonly known asvinyl). (Further reading: California

Department of Resources Recyclingand Recovery (CalRecycle), 2012, &INFORM, Inc., 2012)


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4. WASTE PREVENTION ! Design for durability and adaptability:

Ensure a building's maximum ability to accommodatefuture technological advances and other changing

needs. Design for disassembly:

Buildings that can be altered easily are more likely tobe renovated than torn down and replaced. Designingspaces for easy disassembly also facilitates thereclamation of construction materials for reuse andrecycling.

Use IBS (Integrated Building System).(Further reading:INFORM, Inc., 2012)


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5. RECYCLING !

Construction waste recycling is the separationand recycling of recoverable waste materialsgenerated during construction andremodeling.

Fact: 8,000 lbs (3,628kg) of waste are typicallythrown into the landfill during the construction of

a 2,000 square foot (28x72) home. USE ON-SITE SEPARATION

(Further reading: SustainableSources, USA, 2013, & NYC Global

Partners Innovation Exchange, 2010)


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6. ENERGY !

Energy Efficiency can be maximized byutilizing materials and systems that meet thefollowing criteria:

Materials, components, and systems that helpreduce energy consumption in buildings andfacilities.

Ex.: use LOW VOC (Volatile Organic Compound)Paints.(Further reading: EPA Energy Star,USA, 2013, & Silicon Valley HomeReal Estate Experts Inc., 2013)


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7. BUILDING & MATERIAL REUSE !

Many materials can be salvaged from demolitionand renovation sites and sold, donated, stored forlater use, or reused on the current project.

Typical materials suitable for reuse include: plumbing fixtures , brick ,

ceiling , floor tiles , wood. (Further reading: United States Office of

Solid Waste Agency, EnvironmentalProtection and Emergency, October 2009)


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8. HEALTH & SAFETY !

Protecting worker safety and health issustainability!

Use RATING SYSTEM. Ex.

(Further reading: SustainableConstruction Safety & Health(SCSH), 2013)


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9. INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY !

PARTICULATE MATERIALsuch as dusts andfibers are likely to be produced duringconstruction and renovation activities.

Assure that construction/renovation workersare equipped with any necessary personalprotection equipment (PPE) such as N95

respirators, gloves, eye wear, head gear, andsteel-toed boots .

(Further reading: Centers forDisease Control andPrevention, USA, 2013)


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10 . OTHER STRATEGIES !

Please read further: UK Government, Strategy for Sustainable

Construction, June 2008. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system

/uploads/attachment_data/file/15370/strategy-for-sustainable-construction.pdf


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PERSPECTIVE OF THOSE STRATEGIES !

All the strategies may be implemented; before ,

during , after , throughout , construction project lifecycle!


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SEVERALTHOROUGHSTRATEGIES

TOWARD SUSTAINABLECONSTRUCTIONGREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI)

CONSTRUCTABILITY

VALUE CONSTRUCTIONLEAN CONSTRUCTION


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GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI)

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GREEN BUILDING INDEX (GBI) (cont.)

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RATING SYSTEM

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RATING SYSTEM (cont.)1. Energy Efficiency (EE): Improve energy consumption by optimising building orientation, minimizing solar heat gain through

the buildinG envelope, harvesting natural lighting, adopting the best practices in building services including use of renewable

energy, and ensuring proper testing, commissioning and regular maintenance.

2. Indoor Environment Quality (EQ): Achieve good quality performance in indoor air quality, acoustics, visual and thermal

comfort. These will involve the use of low volatile organic compound (VOC) materials, application

of quality air filtration, proper control of air temperature, movement and humidity.

3. Sustainable Site Planning & Management (SM): Selecting appropriate sites with planned access to public transportation, community

services, open spaces and landscaping. Avoiding and conserving environmentally sensitive areas through the redevelopment of

existing sites and brownfields (contaminated land by low concentrations of hazardouswaste or pollution , and has the potential to be reused once it is cleaned up).

Implementing proper construction management, storm water management andreducing the strain on existing infrastructure capacity.


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RATING SYSTEM (cont.)4. Materials & Resources (MR):

Promote the use of environment-friendly materials sourced from sustainablesources and recycling.

Implement proper construction waste management with storage, collection andre-use of recyclables and construction formwork and waste.

5. Water Efficiency (WE): Rainwater harvesting, water recycling and water-saving fittings.

6. Innovation (IN): Innovative design and initiatives that meet the objectives of the GBI.


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CATEGORIES

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SCORES

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CLASSIFICATION

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CONSTRUCTABILITY Constructability is the capability of a design to be

constructed. (from The Construction ManagementCommittee, 1991; by Koskela, 1992).

One of a project management technique for reviewingconstruction processes from start to finish during thedesign/pre-construction phase.

It will identify obstacles before a project is actuallybuilt to reduce or prevent error, delays, cost overruns,wastages, etc..

Sustainable construction can be implemented withinconstructability with better outcomes.


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CONSTRUCTABILITY (cont.) Constructability reviews are easily managed for projects

where the contractor is determined beforehand. The preferred contractor is engaged at the first client

briefing stage and is involved all the way through the design

phases. The contractor is an integral part of all design meetings and

reviews all documents, plans, drawings, specifications,tender documents and procurement schedules.

Further reading: R. Mohamad Zin et.al., APSEC-ICCER 2012, 2 4 October 2012,

Surabaya, Indonesia. The Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand Incorporated

(IPENZ), Practice Notes: Constructability, 2008.


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VALUE MANAGEMENT (VM)

VM is a systematic and innovative methodologywith a multi-disciplinary approach targeted toachieve better value of construction productsthrough decision making process.

The fundamental contribution by the VMtechnique is to eliminate the unnecessary costwhich does not contribute to the value of theservices, products, systems and that obviouslyincludes the construction projects.


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VALUE MANAGEMENT (VM) (cont.) In many cases, the parties involved in the planning and

design development tend to work in silos. Value Management provides a very effective tool to

integrate this diverse discipline and parties to work ona common goals and adopting a very structuredmethodology.

The adoption of VM may resulting in a sustainableconstruction.

Further reading:Sr. Dr. Mohd Mazlan Che Mat, Founding President Institute of Value ManagementMalaysia (IVMM), Value Management The Way Forward, 2010.


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VALUE MANAGEMENT (VM) (cont.)


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VALUE MANAGEMENT (VM) (cont.) Example :

In one study on the condominium development, thedesigner proposed the floor to ceiling height of 100. Afterbeing asked what is the purposed and function of that,they responded that it was for marketing purposed, whichwas than disputed by marketing guys.

The Building Bye-Laws only requires 86 floor to ceilingheight.

However it was then decided to go for 90 in height. Thepurposed building was 12 storey of 12 blocks. There was asaving of RM1.0 Million per block with the overall savingof RM12.0 Million .


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LEAN CONSTRUCTION

The word lean was defined by Howell (2001) as Givecustomers what they want, deliver it instantly with nowaste.

Generally, construction project based on a cyclic processes.Therefore, the need to identify the wasteful activities in theprocesses and to make special consideration for them iscrucial. Then, compress the cycle time by eliminating non-value-adding time (Koskela, 1999).

Cycle time includes process time, inspection time, wait timeand move time.

This concept may assist on sustainable constructionobjective. (Further reading: Proceedings IGLC-7, Seventh Conference of the International

Group for Lean Construction, University of California, Berkeley, USA, 1999)


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LEAN CONSTRUCTION (cont.)

According to Koskela (1992) and Thomas et al.,(2002), lean construction includes:

practice of just-in-time (JIT),

Use of pull-drivenscheduling, etc..


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Chapter 2.5 Sustainable Strategies

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