Chapter 25 Section 1
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Transcript of Chapter 25 Section 1
Chapter 25 Section 1
Chapter 25 ObjectiveDoes American security depend upon the survival of it’s allies
25.1 How important was the homefront during WWII?
I America Joins the War Effort• Enlistment in Armed
Forces skyrocket after PH
• Still not enough to fight on both fronts– Pacific = Japanese– Europe= Germany &
Italy• Sel. Serv. Institutes draft• GI (gov’t issued)=
soldiers
B) Women in the Military• Women’s Auxiliary
Army Corps– Perform tasks done by
men for less pay and restricted in rank & benefits men had
• Bill first ridiculed but eventually passed
C) Minorities in the Armed Forces• Minorities restricted to
segregated neighborhoods & denied basic citizenship before war now question whether its their war to fight– Why fight for Dem in foreign
nation when Dem doesn’t exist for them in this one
• Af. Amer. lived and worked in segregated quarters & limited to non combat roles
• Nat Amer. Navajo code talkers
II Life on the Home FrontA) Industrial Response
• Gov’t and private industry work together to increase production of wartime materials– Auto plantsproduce tanks/planes– Textile plantsuniforms and other
war material• Mobilization for war on every
frontecon boom that takes us out of depression
• Unemployment from 14.6 1.2%
B) Labor’s Contribution• Women answer call for
increase in prod.– Were not welcomed at first
but then were because they could do same job and be paid about 60% less than men
– Minorities faced same plight
• March on Wash. To protest against discrimination in workplace– FDR asks to stop
protest but organizer would not budgeFDR issues exec. Order calling all federal employers and labor unions to not discriminate
C) Mobilization of Scientists• FDR creates Office of Scientific Research and
Development– Improve radar, sonar, & Penicillin
• Greatest achievement = Atomic bomb• Einstein warms US of German ability to split
uranium atomFDR calls committee on Uranium to investigate– Offices located in NYCatomic program becomes
known as Manhattan proj.
D) Changes in Entertainment• Warout of depressionppl have $$ to spend– Hollywood makes propaganda films but then shift
to escapist films after American pop gets tired of prop.
• Pop music also have patriotic spin but then shift to reflect lost love and loneliness
Find song from early war reflecting patriotism and one from later period reflecting loss/loneliness **DUE FRIDAY**
III Federal Government Takes ControlA) Japanese Internment
• PHcall for Japanese Amer. to evacuate Hawaii & W coast out of fear they are fighting on behalf of Japanese as spies– Atmosphere of suspicion and panichysteria
• FDR signs order to remove ppl of Japanese ancestry– Sent to internment camps of whom 2/3s were
Nisei, or Japanese Amer. born in US, and therefor citizens of US
B) Economic Controls• Need to control inflation from skyrocketing
like it did during WWI– Incomes rise, prod. Of consumer goods decline,
prices soarOffice of Price Administration (OPA)– Freeze prices on goods– Raise income taxes & expand to include ppl who
have never before paid taxes
• Set up rationing= establishing fixed allotments of goods deemed necessary to war effort– Most accepted as their duty but some cheated by
hoarding scarce goods and buying on black market for inflated prices
War Production Board (WPA)– Insured that the armed
forces had the raw mat. Needed to win the war
– Decided which factories & industries would be converted for war prod.
– Allocated raw mat. To key industries
– Organized nationwide drives to collect products deemed necessary to mil.