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Transcript of CHAPTER 25 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS: RECOGNITION AND IDENTIFICATION Copyright© 2000. Delmar is a...
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CHAPTER
25
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS: RECOGNITION AND IDENTIFICATION
Copyright© 2000. Delmar is a division of Thomson Learning.
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CHAPTER
25
Objectives 1 of 3
• Identify the nine hazard classes as defined by DOT.• Identify the hazards associated with each hazard class.• Identify the standard occupancies where hazardous
materials may be used and stored.
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CHAPTER
25
Objectives 2 of 3
• Identify the standard container shapes and sizes and common products.
• Identify both facility- and transportation- related markings and warning signs.
• Identify the standard transportation types for highway and rail.
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CHAPTER
25
Objectives 3 of 3
• Explain the NFPA 704 System.• Explain the use of transportation containers in
identifying possible contents.• Explain the location of emergency shutoff valves on
highway containers.• Explain the importance of understanding chemical and
physical properties of hazardous materials.
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CHAPTER
25
Introduction
• Four basic clues to recognition and identification:• Location and occupancy.• Placards, labels, and
markings.• Container types.• The use of senses.
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CHAPTER
25
Location and Occupancy• Average home has a large amount of hazardous
materials.• Rural communities and farms have unique risks.• Hazardous materials storage.• Businesses present a wide range of risks.
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CHAPTER
25
Agricultural Supply Store
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CHAPTER
25
Roadway
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CHAPTER
25
Placards, Labels, and Markings
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CHAPTER
25
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CHAPTER
25
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CHAPTER
25
Placards
• DOT - 49 CFR 170-180.• DOT system uses nine hazard classifications with
more than 27 placards.• DOT also requires United Nations/North America
(UN/NA) identification number.
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CHAPTER
25
Class 1, Explosives
• Division 1.1
• Division 1.2
• Division 1.3
• Division 1.4
• Division 1.5
• Division 1.6
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CHAPTER
25
Class 2, Gases
• Division 2.1
• Division 2.2
• Division 2.3
• Hazard Zone A
• Hazard Zone B
• Hazard Zone C
• Hazard Zone D
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CHAPTER
25
Class 3, Flammable Liquids
• Flash point less than 141 degrees F.
• Combustible liquids are those with flash points between 100-200 degrees F.
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CHAPTER
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Class 4, Flammable Solids
• Division 4.1
• Division 4.2
• Division 4.3
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CHAPTER
25Class 5, Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides
• Division 5.1
• Division 5.2
• Type A
• Type B
• Type C
• Type D
• Type E
• Type F
• Type G
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CHAPTER
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Type 6, Poisonous Materials
• Division 6.1
• Division 6.2
• Hazardous Zone A
• Hazardous Zone B
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CHAPTER
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Class 7, Radioactive Materials
• Materials determined to have radioactivity at certain levels.
• Radioactive I.• Radioactive II.• Radioactive III.
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CHAPTER
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Class 8, Corrosives
• Acids• Bases• Visible destruction in skin or
corrodes steel or aluminum.
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CHAPTER
25Class 9, Miscellaneous Hazardous
• Catchall category.
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CHAPTER
25
Other Placards and Labels
• Dangerous• Specific name• Stow away from foodstuffs• ORM-D• Marine Pollutant
• Elevated temperature• Infectious substances• Fumigated • Residue
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CHAPTER
25
LABELS
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CHAPTER
25
NFPA 704
• Health hazard – Blue.• Fire hazard – Red.• Reactivity hazard – Yellow.• Special Hazard – White.
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CHAPTER
25Hazardous Materials Information System
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CHAPTER
25
Military Warning Signs
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CHAPTER
25
Pipeline Markings
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CHAPTER
25
Container Markings
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CHAPTER
25
Pesticide Container Markings
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CHAPTER
25
Containers
• Hazardous materials come in variety of containers.• Type of material and use determine packaging.• Type of container provides clues to contents.• Be alert for anything unusual.
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CHAPTER
25
MC-331 Pressurized Tanker
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CHAPTER
25
Containers
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CHAPTER
25
Containers
• Cardboard boxes
• Bottles
• Bags
• Drums
• Cylinders
• Totes
• Bulk tanks
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CHAPTER
25
Pipelines
• Vary in size and pressure.
• Sized between 1⁄2 inch and more than
6 feet.
• Can originate from bulk storage facilities.
• Can cross many states.
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CHAPTER
25Highway Transportation
Containers
• Type of vehicle is a clue to contents.• Four basic truck types.• Leakage is often found in intermodal containers.• Tank trucks carry up to 10,000 gallons.
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CHAPTER
25DOT-406/MC-306 Gasoline Tank
Truck
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CHAPTER
25DOT-407/MC-307 Chemical
Hauler
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CHAPTER
25DOT 412/MC 312 Corrosive
tanker
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CHAPTER
25
BLEVE
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CHAPTER
25
MC-338 Cryogenic Tankers
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CHAPTER
25
Tube Trailers
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CHAPTER
25
Dry Bulk Tanks
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CHAPTER
25
Hot Materials Tanker
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CHAPTER
25
Intermodal Tanks
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CHAPTER
25
Nonpressurized Railcar
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CHAPTER
25
Specialized Railcars
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CHAPTER
25
Markings on Railcars
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CHAPTER
25
Specialized Tanks
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CHAPTER
25
Senses
• Vision and hearing are acceptable senses in investigating potential chemical releases.
• Sensory clues from others are useful.• Many toxic materials can be harmful if touched.
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CHAPTER
25Chemical and Physical
Properties
• States of matter.• Vapor pressure.• Vapor density.• Specific gravity.• Corrosivity.• Chemical reactivity.
• Flashpoint.• Autoignition temperature.• Flammable range.• Toxic products of
combustion.
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CHAPTER
25
States of Matter
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CHAPTER
25
Vapor Pressure
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CHAPTER
25
Vapor Density
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CHAPTER
25
Specific Gravity
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CHAPTER
25
Wrap-Up
• Ability to recognize hazardous materials is important.• Memorization is not important, but knowing how to
access information is.• Physical properties of chemicals will affect how they
react and should be managed.• Firefighters must be able to use available resources.