Chapter-23 Alternating Current Circuits. Alternating Signal The rms amplitude is the DC voltage...
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Transcript of Chapter-23 Alternating Current Circuits. Alternating Signal The rms amplitude is the DC voltage...
![Page 1: Chapter-23 Alternating Current Circuits. Alternating Signal The rms amplitude is the DC voltage which will deliver the same average power as the AC signal.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020208/56649e3f5503460f94b2fa19/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter-23Alternating Current Circuits
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Alternating Signal
The rms amplitude is the DC voltage which will deliver the same average power as the AC signal.
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Resistance
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Capacitive Reactance, XC
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Current and Voltage in a Capacitive Circuit
In a circuit containing only a capacitor, the instantaneous voltage and current are not in phase. Instead, the current leads the voltage by one-quarter of a cycle or by a phase angle of 90°.
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Inductive Reactance, XL
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Current and Voltage in an Inductive Circuit
The instantaneous voltage and current in a circuit containing only an inductor are not in phase. The current lags behind the voltage by one-quarter of a cycle or by a phase angle of 90°.
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A Comparison:Capacitive versus Inductive
The current lags behind the voltage by one-quarter of a cycle or by a phase angle of
90°.
The current leads the voltage by one-quarter of a cycle or
by a phase angle of 90°.
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23.3. Circuits Containing Resistance, Capacitance, and
Inductance
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Impedance,z for a Series RCL Circuit
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Resonant Frequency
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Impedance and RMS Current
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The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
The changing magnetic field creates an electric field that fluctuates in time and the changing electric field creates the magnetic
field.
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Speed of Electromagnetic WavesAll electromagnetic waves move through a vacuum at the same speed,
and the symbol c is used to denote its value.
This speed is called the speed of light in a vacuum and is c = 3.00 × 108 m/s.
In air, electromagnetic waves travel at nearly the same speed as they do in a vacuum, but, in general, they move through a substance such
as glass at a speed that is substantially less than c.
In 1865, Maxwell determined theoretically that electromagnetic waves propagate through a vacuum at a speed given by,
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24.2. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
fc
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Polarized LightThe electromagnetic waves emitted by any common source of light (such as the Sun or a bulb) are unpolarized or polarized randomly.
That is, the electric field at any given point is always perpendicular to the direction of
travel of the waves but changes directions randomly.