Chapter 22Chapter 22

Illegal DrugsIllegal Drugs

Lesson 1 – Drug Use A High Risk Lesson 1 – Drug Use A High Risk BehaviorBehavior

Substance Abuse – unnecessary Substance Abuse – unnecessary use of chemical substances for non use of chemical substances for non medical purposesmedical purposesIllegal drugs – street drugsIllegal drugs – street drugs– Against the law to possess, sell, buyAgainst the law to possess, sell, buy

Synthetic drugs – chemical Synthetic drugs – chemical substances produced artificially in substances produced artificially in a lab (very deadly)a lab (very deadly)Gateway drugs – drugs that lead to Gateway drugs – drugs that lead to other drug useother drug use

Trends in Teen UseTrends in Teen UseStarting younger than ever beforeStarting younger than ever before

Use among 12 – 17 year olds has Use among 12 – 17 year olds has doubleddoubled

11% of Americans 12 and up were users 11% of Americans 12 and up were users in 1998in 1998

Heroin use has become widespreadHeroin use has become widespread

9% of teens used marijuana in 19989% of teens used marijuana in 1998

Teens mistakenly consider marijuana as Teens mistakenly consider marijuana as a safe druga safe drug

Why People Begin UsingWhy People Begin Using

See others usingSee others using

Feel pressured/can’t say noFeel pressured/can’t say no

To fit in or look olderTo fit in or look older

Drugs are glamorized on TV, Drugs are glamorized on TV, movies, videos, and in song movies, videos, and in song lyricslyrics

Boredom or new thrillsBoredom or new thrills

Escape from problemsEscape from problems

Dangers of AbuseDangers of Abuse

Deadly side effectsDeadly side effects

Synergistic effects when Synergistic effects when combining drugscombining drugs

No way to regulate illegal drugsNo way to regulate illegal drugs

OverdoseOverdose

Hepatitis or HIV when using Hepatitis or HIV when using needlesneedles

Unprotected sex/STD’sUnprotected sex/STD’s

AbuseAbuseTolerance – need more to feel the Tolerance – need more to feel the samesamePhysiological Dependence – body has Physiological Dependence – body has a chemical needa chemical needWithdrawal – nervousness, insomnia, Withdrawal – nervousness, insomnia, nausea, headaches, chills, vomiting, nausea, headaches, chills, vomiting, deathdeathPsychological dependence –thinking Psychological dependence –thinking they need the drug they need the drug Addiction – dependence Addiction – dependence (psychological and physiological)(psychological and physiological)

Costs of AbuseCosts of Abuse

Affects teens performance, health, Affects teens performance, health, and can lead to trouble with the and can lead to trouble with the lawlaw

Costs the American society 67 Costs the American society 67 billion dollars per year in health, billion dollars per year in health, social, and criminal costssocial, and criminal costs

Birth defects, addiction, Birth defects, addiction, withdrawal symptomswithdrawal symptoms

Lesson 2 – Psychoactive DrugsLesson 2 – Psychoactive Drugs

Stimulants – speed up the central Stimulants – speed up the central nervous systemnervous system– Increased heart rate, high blood Increased heart rate, high blood

pressure, decreased appetitepressure, decreased appetite– Sweating, headaches, blurred vision, Sweating, headaches, blurred vision,

sleeplessnesssleeplessness– Psychological effects – moodiness, Psychological effects – moodiness,

restlessness, anxiety, hallucinations, restlessness, anxiety, hallucinations, delusions, and paranoiadelusions, and paranoia

Types of StimulantsTypes of Stimulants

Amphetamines (Uppers)Amphetamines (Uppers)– People use to stay awake, improve People use to stay awake, improve

athletic performance, lose weight, athletic performance, lose weight, and for euphoric effectsand for euphoric effects

– Tolerance develops easilyTolerance develops easily– Exhaustion occurs when drug wears Exhaustion occurs when drug wears

offoff

Types of StimulantsTypes of Stimulants

Methamphetamine (crank, Methamphetamine (crank, speed, ice)speed, ice)– Can be snorted, injected, smoked, Can be snorted, injected, smoked,

or swallowedor swallowed– Paranoia and violenceParanoia and violence– Long lasting effects (food and water Long lasting effects (food and water

unimportant)unimportant)

Types of StimulantsTypes of Stimulants

CocaineCocaine– Fast actingFast acting– High can last 20 minutes to a few High can last 20 minutes to a few

hourshours– Increases confidence and causes Increases confidence and causes

huge letdown after the highhuge letdown after the high– Can cause tissue damage in nose, , Can cause tissue damage in nose, ,

depression, edginess, weight loss, depression, edginess, weight loss, malnutrition, heart attackmalnutrition, heart attack

Types of StimulantsTypes of Stimulants

CrackCrack– Form of cocaine that is smokedForm of cocaine that is smoked– Effects are felt within secondsEffects are felt within seconds– Extremely addictive and dangerousExtremely addictive and dangerous

DepressantsDepressants

Slow down central nervous systemSlow down central nervous system

Relax muscles, relieve feelings of Relax muscles, relieve feelings of tension and worry, bring on sleeptension and worry, bring on sleep

Slow heart and breathing rates Slow heart and breathing rates and reduce blood pressureand reduce blood pressure

Types of DepressantsTypes of Depressants

Barbiturates – induce sleepBarbiturates – induce sleep– Cause mood changes, excess sleep, Cause mood changes, excess sleep,

comacoma– Used to counteract effects of Used to counteract effects of

stimulantsstimulants– Can be fatal when combined with Can be fatal when combined with

alcoholalcohol

Types of DepressantsTypes of DepressantsTranquilizers – muscle relaxersTranquilizers – muscle relaxers– Reduce muscular activity, Reduce muscular activity,

coordination, and attention spancoordination, and attention span

Methaqualone – prescribed to Methaqualone – prescribed to reduce anxiety and insomniareduce anxiety and insomnia– Temporary euphoriaTemporary euphoria– Withdrawal is extremely unpleasantWithdrawal is extremely unpleasant– Rapid dependence, headaches, Rapid dependence, headaches,

diarrhea, convulsions, coma, deathdiarrhea, convulsions, coma, death

NarcoticsNarcotics

Drugs derived from the opium Drugs derived from the opium plantplant– Morphine, heroin, opium, codeineMorphine, heroin, opium, codeine– Cause drowsiness, sleep that can Cause drowsiness, sleep that can

depress respiration, and can be depress respiration, and can be used to relieve painused to relieve pain

Types of NarcoticsTypes of Narcotics

MorphineMorphine– Used to reduce severe painUsed to reduce severe pain– Can act as an appetite suppressant, Can act as an appetite suppressant,

causes constipation, and severe causes constipation, and severe addictionaddiction

Codeine – weaker morphineCodeine – weaker morphine– Used in cough medicine and can Used in cough medicine and can

lead to dependencelead to dependence

Types of NarcoticsTypes of Narcotics

Heroin Heroin – No medical purpose/illegalNo medical purpose/illegal– Made from morphineMade from morphine– Depresses central nervous systemDepresses central nervous system– Tolerance develops quickly and Tolerance develops quickly and

withdrawal is painfulwithdrawal is painful– Use has moved from the inner city Use has moved from the inner city

to suburbs and rural areasto suburbs and rural areas

HallucinogensHallucinogens

Alter moods, thoughts, and Alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptionssense perceptions

PCP, LSD, MescalinePCP, LSD, Mescaline

Types of HallucinogensTypes of Hallucinogens

PCP – angel dustPCP – angel dust– 1 of the most dangerous drugs1 of the most dangerous drugs– Makes the user feel detached from Makes the user feel detached from

their surroundingstheir surroundings– Times passes slowly, body Times passes slowly, body

movements slow down, sensations movements slow down, sensations of touch and pain are reducedof touch and pain are reduced

– Makes the user feel strong and Makes the user feel strong and powerfulpowerful

Types of NarcoticsTypes of Narcotics

LSD – acidLSD – acid– Colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid, Colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid,

capsule, or tabletcapsule, or tablet– Wildly unpredictable effectsWildly unpredictable effects– Users might possibly think they can Users might possibly think they can

fly or stop trainsfly or stop trains– Use leads to panic, anxiety, Use leads to panic, anxiety,

accidental suicideaccidental suicide

Types of HallucinogensTypes of Hallucinogens

MescalineMescaline– Psychoactive ingredient in the Psychoactive ingredient in the

peyote cactuspeyote cactus– Can lead to bad trips, frightening Can lead to bad trips, frightening

phenomena, vicious stomach phenomena, vicious stomach cramps, and vomitingcramps, and vomiting

Lesson 3 – Steroids and Other Lesson 3 – Steroids and Other Dangerous DrugsDangerous Drugs

Steroids – synthetic derivatives of Steroids – synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosteronethe male hormone testosterone– Build muscleBuild muscle– Cause mood swings, violent, and Cause mood swings, violent, and

aggressive behavioraggressive behavior– Effects – high blood pressure, acne, Effects – high blood pressure, acne,

baldness, liver damage, heart baldness, liver damage, heart disease, increased growth of body disease, increased growth of body and facial hair, strokeand facial hair, stroke

Cannabis DerivativesCannabis DerivativesCannabis –hemp plantCannabis –hemp plant– Types – Marijuana and hashishTypes – Marijuana and hashish

Marijuana – smoked, eaten, or Marijuana – smoked, eaten, or drunk drunk Hashish – dark brown resin Hashish – dark brown resin collected from the top of the collected from the top of the cannabis plant. Sold in small cannabis plant. Sold in small brown chunks and smoked brown chunks and smoked through a pipethrough a pipe

Effects of CannabisEffects of CannabisHallucinogen that has stimulant Hallucinogen that has stimulant and depressant effectsand depressant effectsAlters senses, coordination, and Alters senses, coordination, and reaction timereaction timeCauses personality problems Causes personality problems that includes loss of willpower that includes loss of willpower and motivation, lack of energy, and motivation, lack of energy, and paranoiaand paranoiaAffects memory and attentionAffects memory and attention

InhalantsInhalantsSubstances sniffed or inhaled to Substances sniffed or inhaled to give hallucinogenic or mind give hallucinogenic or mind altering highsaltering highsGlue, spray paint, aerosols, lighter Glue, spray paint, aerosols, lighter fluids, and gasolinefluids, and gasolineDepress central nervous systemDepress central nervous systemNausea, nosebleeds, lack of Nausea, nosebleeds, lack of coordination, kidney damage, coordination, kidney damage, change in bone marrow, hearing change in bone marrow, hearing loss, limb damage, coma, deathloss, limb damage, coma, death

Designer DrugsDesigner DrugsSynthetic substances that give Synthetic substances that give effects of hallucinogens and effects of hallucinogens and narcoticsnarcoticsEcstasy or MDMA – combination Ecstasy or MDMA – combination of a stimulant and hallucinogenof a stimulant and hallucinogen– Euphoria, confusion, depression, Euphoria, confusion, depression,

paranoia, psychosisparanoia, psychosis– Symptoms of use- uncontrollable Symptoms of use- uncontrollable

tremors, drooling, impaired speech, tremors, drooling, impaired speech, paralysis, irreversible brain damageparalysis, irreversible brain damage

Look – Alike DrugsLook – Alike Drugs

Made to resemble illegal drugsMade to resemble illegal drugs

User never knows what they are User never knows what they are gettinggetting

Each dose has the potential to Each dose has the potential to be deadlybe deadly