Chapter 22Chapter 22 Asian Transitions in Asian Transitions in the Age of Global the Age of Global

ChangeChange

Asian Trading WorldAsian Trading World Asian merchants only had 1 Asian merchants only had 1

interest in Europe - Bullion interest in Europe - Bullion (gold/silver)(gold/silver)

3 main Asian trading zones:3 main Asian trading zones:Arab – carpets, tapestry, glassArab – carpets, tapestry, glass Indian – cotton textilesIndian – cotton textilesChinese (East) – silk, paper, Chinese (East) – silk, paper, porcelainporcelain

Asian Trading WorldAsian Trading WorldSpice – most valuedSpice – most valuedNo single power No single power controlled the Asian controlled the Asian trading networktrading network

Strait ofMalacca

Portugal vs. AsiaPortugal vs. AsiaPortugal had no interest in Portugal had no interest in

exporting bullion to Asia.exporting bullion to Asia.Portuguese defeated Egyptian Portuguese defeated Egyptian

and Indian naval forcesand Indian naval forcesSet up fortified trading centers Set up fortified trading centers

along Asian commercial along Asian commercial networksnetworks

Malacca

Ormuz

Goa

Portuguese Portuguese fortified centersfortified centers

Portugal wanted a Portugal wanted a monopoly over key monopoly over key trade items, but never trade items, but never would.would.

Rise of Dutch and Rise of Dutch and EnglishEnglish

Dutch captured Malacca from Dutch captured Malacca from PortugalPortugal

Both established trading Both established trading centerscenters

British would be forced to British would be forced to retreat to Indiaretreat to India

MalaccaBatavia

Ceylon

Dutch Dutch fortified centersfortified centers

TributeTributeOnce Europeans penetrated Once Europeans penetrated

land, they were less land, they were less successful.successful.

In places that they were In places that they were successful, Europe permitted successful, Europe permitted the already established govt., the already established govt., but forced them to pay tribute, but forced them to pay tribute, mainly in agricultural products.mainly in agricultural products.

Europe tried to spread Europe tried to spread Christianity but had Christianity but had limited success.limited success.Islam already Islam already established (SE Asia)established (SE Asia)

Philippines converted Philippines converted but many kept but many kept traditional beliefs.traditional beliefs.

Other than New World Other than New World Crops being introduced Crops being introduced to Asia (which supported to Asia (which supported China’s growing China’s growing population), there was population), there was very little cultural very little cultural exchange.exchange.

See Ming Dynasty See Ming Dynasty handout notes…….handout notes…….

Japan’s ReunificationJapan’s Reunification

NobunagaNobunaga – started – started centralization of Japan centralization of Japan (1573)(1573)Got rid of the last of Got rid of the last of the shoguns the shoguns (Ashikaga)(Ashikaga)

Toyotomi HideyoshiToyotomi Hideyoshi – – Nobunaga’s most Nobunaga’s most successful generalsuccessful generalContinued destroying Continued destroying daimyosdaimyos

1590 became military 1590 became military overlord of a united overlord of a united JapanJapan

Dealing with EuropeDealing with Europe1543 – Europe attempted 1543 – Europe attempted to penetrate Japanto penetrate Japan

Euro traders and Euro traders and missionaries brought missionaries brought cultural change and cultural change and firearmsfirearms

Firearms changed civil Firearms changed civil strugglestruggle

Asian trade systemAsian trade systemChristianity – diminished Christianity – diminished after Nobunaga’s after Nobunaga’s assassination (threat of assassination (threat of Japan’s social hierarchy)Japan’s social hierarchy)

Japan’s self-imposed Japan’s self-imposed IsolationIsolation

Official measures to halt Official measures to halt foreign activitiesforeign activities

Hideyoshi actively Hideyoshi actively persecuted Christianspersecuted Christians

Western books bannedWestern books banned

Trade was limited to a few Trade was limited to a few Dutch and Chinese shipsDutch and Chinese ships

Confucianism was replaced Confucianism was replaced by the school of “National by the school of “National Learning”. – emphasized Learning”. – emphasized native Japanese culturenative Japanese culture

Only elite kept track of the Only elite kept track of the Western technologyWestern technology