Chapter 2.2 - Acids and Bases
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Transcript of Chapter 2.2 - Acids and Bases
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Chapter 2.2 - Acids and Bases
p. 42-43 in Prentice Hall Biology, Miller and Levine
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Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble…
What just happened with the witches and their pink potion?
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Indicators
Chemicals that respond to a change in H ion concentration
Change color depending on whether substance is an acid or a base
Examples: litmus paper phenolphthalein
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Ions
What is an ion?
Answer: positively or negatively charged atom
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What is an Acid?
A compound that forms H+ ions in a solution
Example: Hydrochloric acid produced by stomach to digest food (HCl), carbonic acid in carbonated pop (HCO3), sulfuric acid in car batteries (H2SO4)
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Characteristics of Acids
Contains Hydrogen (H+)
Turns litmus paper red
Tastes sour
Dissolves metal
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What is a Base?
A compound that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution
Example: Lye
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Characteristics of Bases
Contains Hydroxide
Turns litmus paper blue
Tastes bitter
Feels slippery
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How Do We Measure Acids and Bases?
The pH scale
What does pH stand for
Power of Hydrogen
Scale ranges from 0 to 14
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pH Scale: Acids
Acids have a pH below 7
Strong acids range from 1 to 3
Strong acid example: HCl
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pH Scale: Bases
Bases have a pH above 7
Strong bases range from 11 to 14
Strong base example: lye, bleach, drano, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
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pH Scale
pH increases tenfold
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Water, Acids and Bases
A water molecule can react to form ions
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Water is Neutral
Why is pure water considered “neutral”?
Pure water pH = 7
Number of positive hydrogen ions equal to negative hydroxide ions produced